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louti"> <div id="uzrscmw" class="ar_title"> <h1>古瓷收藏辨別真?zhèn)畏椒?/h1> <div id="g54rt9x" class="ar_title_b"> <div id="c5nvmoz" class="sub_title clear"> <span id="i9w9cdm" class="sp2 c6 fl">時間：<time class="fxtime">2016-09-10 10:39:50</time></span> <span id="la84b4a" class="sp1 c6 fl"><em id="zuozhe" class="noshow">思行</em><em class="user_id noshow">858</em>由 <em class="nickname"></em> 分享</span> <span id="an4e9vl" class="fl arc_btn"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="4rqi3g9" class="y_ju"></div> <div id="t3ifjtu" class="con_article con_main" id="contentText"> <p>古瓷收藏辨別真?zhèn)畏椒?/p><p> 　　俗話說：“亂世黃金盛世藏。”隨著收藏市場的日益火爆，古瓷器作為中國歷史文化的重要組成部分已成為收藏界的第一大門類，但你知道怎樣去辨別古瓷器的真?zhèn)螁?那么下面一起來看看學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家精心推薦的古瓷收藏如何辨別真?zhèn)?，希望能夠?qū)δ兴鶐椭?/p><h2> 　　古瓷器辨別真?zhèn)蔚姆椒?/h2><p> 　　一是“懂行”。瓷器是由中國古代首先發(fā)明并長期燒造后傳遍世界各地的器皿。中國瓷器的制作歷史悠久、窯口眾多，產(chǎn)量極大，除了歷代流傳下來的傳世品外，地下出土物中要數(shù)瓷器最為豐富。瓷主要產(chǎn)地有以生產(chǎn)青花、玲瓏、粉彩、顏色釉四大傳統(tǒng)名瓷聞名的瓷都江西景德鎮(zhèn)，有以釉下五彩裝飾美術(shù)瓷而聞名的湖南醴陵，有生產(chǎn)雨點釉和發(fā)展刻瓷藝術(shù)的山東淄博，生產(chǎn)花釉和象牙瓷的河北邯鄲，生產(chǎn)白瓷的福建德化，生產(chǎn)青瓷的浙江龍泉，生產(chǎn)釉上彩花瓷的廣東潮州，生產(chǎn)仿南宋官窯藝術(shù)瓷的浙江蕭山等。古瓷作為商品，價格并非越高越好，這需要認真加以鑒別，比如釉下彩和青花，要看畫功是否熟練、清晰，色澤是否瑩潤、透明，釉下裝飾注重工筆式寫意，必須是手工繪制，不是印花、貼花，而且顏色要光亮。對陳設(shè)藝術(shù)陶瓷的選購，既要看整體效果，也要仔細察看器形是否周正，有無變形，釉面是否光潔，色度有無異樣。</p><p> 　　二是“慎淘”。大多數(shù)古瓷收藏者喜歡從舊貨古玩市場上“淘寶”，其實，這是一種誤區(qū)。就整個瓷器收藏界來說，珍貴古瓷數(shù)量是較少的，很早以前便受到人們的珍視，如官窯、汝窯、哥窯這些珍品瓷器，目前國內(nèi)外的存世量幾乎都有數(shù)可查，因其十分珍貴，即便收藏大家也不易得之。如元青花瓷在元代燒造較少，當(dāng)時燒制元青花用進口青料，成本是很昂貴的，民間能用得起這種高檔瓷器的為數(shù)甚少，主要是祭祀用器，因此遺存極少。但元青花在20世紀30年代被發(fā)現(xiàn)認識以來，聲名遠播，人人皆知其珍稀名貴，所以如果在地攤或舊貨市場上發(fā)現(xiàn)了它的蹤影，實屬可疑，收藏者一定要慎之又慎。</p><p> 　　三是“心悟”。現(xiàn)實生活中，有很多收藏者常常拿著古瓷鑒定理論書籍去“按圖索驥”。目前，古瓷收藏方面的理論書籍和相關(guān)資料比較多，仿偽者往往依據(jù)這些資料描述的特征和圖片進行仿制。因此這些書籍只能幫助我們了解古瓷的相關(guān)知識，于實際收藏活動的指導(dǎo)意義并不太大，收藏者不要受這些書籍和資料的誤導(dǎo)。作為成熟的古瓷收藏者，要學(xué)會用心、理性地去品味古瓷，依據(jù)自己掌握的瓷器鑒別方面知識，包括看器型、胎、釉、紋飾、老化等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識，去辨識真?zhèn)危忱锾越稹?/p><p> 　　四是“求品”。收藏界有句“行話”：“瓷器一破，不值半個;瓷口起毛，不值分毫。”意即瓷器沒有好的品相，其價值就會大打折扣。因此，收藏的古瓷要基本完整，不能有沖、炸、磕、崩、掉彩等明顯的毛病。古瓷收藏還講求藝術(shù)性，瓷器看上去要有美感，不能是粗糙的、低檔的;制作工藝要精，彩繪紋飾要美觀，色彩搭配要妥當(dāng)，審美情趣要高雅，這樣才能稱得上是藝術(shù)品收藏。</p><p> 　　跳動的窯火鑄造了中華民族智慧的歷史和人類永恒之美。在古瓷這個色彩繽紛的世界里，中國人的聰明才智與東方民族獨特的審美意趣得到了和諧完美的統(tǒng)一?？梢哉f，在這樣一個充滿魅力的空間體味收藏之樂，確實是人生一大快事。希望廣大收藏者在收藏活動中學(xué)、賞、藏相結(jié)合，練就一雙“火眼金睛”，豐富自己的收藏人生。</p><h2> 　　定窯鑒賞的方法</h2><p> 　　定窯也為宋代五大名窯之一，窯址在今河北省曲陽澗滋村及東西燕村，宋代屬定州，故名。創(chuàng)燒于唐，極盛于北宋及金，終于元，以產(chǎn)白瓷著稱，兼燒黑釉、醬釉和釉瓷，文獻分別稱其為“黑定”、“紫定”和“綠定”。相比其他四大名窯，定窯瓷器存世量較多。定瓷雖有過給宮廷燒造瓷器的經(jīng)歷，但時間很短，因此精品不多。</p><p> 　　要有玉質(zhì)感。宋代制瓷追求玉質(zhì)效應(yīng)，以有玉質(zhì)感的為上品，特別是作為宮廷燒造的瓷品，更是必須要燒出玉質(zhì)感來的。因此，一件定瓷器物上手(無論是白定，還是色釉定都是如此)，首先要看有無玉質(zhì)感?真品應(yīng)是釉水瑩潤，富有靈動之氣，就如白玉一般的。仿品因胎釉原料和燒造溫度等不易掌握，很難燒出玉質(zhì)感來。一般都是氣韻呆滯、釉色蒼白，無玉質(zhì)感可言。個別能燒出玉質(zhì)感來，但常見色彩顯新，有火爆之感。</p><p> 　　釉色如象牙之白。五代之后，定窯器施釉前已不施化妝土了。所施白釉的釉水為白中閃黃，所以釉面之色呈所謂的“象牙白”色。少數(shù)質(zhì)差的釉為白中微閃灰黃。白定釉面呈半透明狀，因為施釉較薄，所以薄處能隱約看到胎色。在器物的折腰處可見積釉呈淺淺的黃綠色。積釉處氣泡稀疏通透，大小不一。這也是一個鑒識時要注意的要點。仿品因掌握不了定窯特定的燒成氣氛，故難以燒出“象牙白”的釉色來。釉色常不是偏白就是偏黃，在器物折腰處也難見淺黃綠色。</p><p> 　　要見“竹絲刷痕”。定窯的制胎工藝中，在胎半干之時，有用竹絲刷子旋修這一道工藝，因此在胎面上就留有一些“竹絲刷痕”。定窯因為施釉較薄，燒成后，在釉薄處透過釉面就隱約可見竹絲修胎所留下的刷痕。這是定窯瓷的一個基本特征之一，在鑒識時必須特別留意。仿品中常不見這種“竹絲刷痕”。有的做了，但做得生硬拙劣，不夠自然，據(jù)此可以鑒別。</p><p> 　　釉面常見“蠟淚痕”。這種“淚痕”是由于上釉不均勻，入燒時釉水垂流所致。垂流釉的下部似蠟淚狀凸起，球面下部呈淺水綠色。這種“淚痕”只出現(xiàn)在盤碗的外部。有否“淚痕”也成為鑒識是否北定的一個基本特征。當(dāng)然，不是每一個定窯瓷都有“淚痕”，但有“淚痕”比沒有“淚痕”的要容易確認。一般的仿品是較難做出這種“淚痕”來的。</p><p> 　　定窯之器中，有極少數(shù)是有款識的，如“尚食局”、“五王府”等，還有帶“官”、“新官”字樣的款，這些都是入窯燒制前刻劃在胎的底足上的，一般用楷書體，雖寫得不大規(guī)正美觀，但卻表現(xiàn)得自然有力。還有一些和宮廷建筑有關(guān)的款，是送到宮里后由宮中玉工后刻上去的，如“奉華”、“風(fēng)華”、“慈福”、“聚秀”等。</p><p> 　　定窯器除黑釉器外多數(shù)都有花紋裝飾。裝飾手法從北宋早期到晚期先后有劃花、刻花和印花等多種。早期劃花系用竹簽類工具在瓷胎上劃成。所劃線條比較細，坡度很小，圖像自然豪放?？袒ǚū葎澔ǚǔ霈F(xiàn)稍晚?？袒ㄊ怯玫蹲釉谔ス巧峡坛傻?，用的還是“一面坡”的刀法，刻線較寬，坡度大，圖像剛勁有力。有時候劃花和刻花也常出現(xiàn)在同一器物上?？虅澋幕y早期有蓮瓣紋、纏枝菊紋和蕉葉紋、回紋等，稍后又出現(xiàn)花果、蓮鴨、魚水、云龍等紋飾，而且在圖案一側(cè)常劃一細線，以凸出圖像的立體感。印花裝飾是用模子在胎上模印而成，始見于北宋中期，成熟于后期。定窯所印的圖案都是層次分明、線條清晰、繁而不亂的。主要題材以花卉為主，以牡丹、蓮花為多，次之為菊花。有纏枝也有折枝的。圖案講究對稱。此外，魚水紋、龍鳳紋和各種禽鳥紋也不少?；ɑ芗y常見與動物紋相組合。仿品當(dāng)然也可仿造印刻上述各種圖案，但常見進刀遲疑，線條呆滯，圖像木訥。印花的則是形象模糊，章法混亂。真品刻劃一氣呵成，圖像有一種流暢之美，仔細審察，不難識破。<br/></p><p> 　　看了“古瓷收藏如何辨別真?zhèn)?rdquo;的人還看了：</p><p> 1.<a _href="http://lpo831.com/aihao/shoucang/1440227.html" href="http://lpo831.com/aihao/shoucang/1440227.html" target="_blank">古瓷收藏如何辨別真?zhèn)?/a></p><p> 2.<a _href="http://lpo831.com/aihao/shoucang/1440526.html" href="http://lpo831.com/aihao/shoucang/1440526.html" 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