什么是半系動(dòng)詞有哪些分類(lèi)
語(yǔ)句中連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞被稱為系動(dòng)詞。那么你對(duì)半系動(dòng)詞了解多少呢?以下是由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理關(guān)于什么是半系動(dòng)詞的內(nèi)容，希望大家喜歡!
半系動(dòng)詞的介紹
半系動(dòng)詞就是相當(dāng)于be的動(dòng)詞，可以替換純系動(dòng)詞。用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)特征或身份等。
半系動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)
半系動(dòng)詞后可用名詞、不定式、分詞和形容詞等作表語(yǔ)，這類(lèi)詞有：
1.表感官的系動(dòng)詞：look, sound, notice，taste, smell, feel(這些詞用形容詞作表語(yǔ))
2.表似乎的系動(dòng)詞seem, appear
3.表變化的系動(dòng)詞：become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall, run
4.表依舊的系動(dòng)詞：remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, rest, lie, hold
5.可帶名詞作表語(yǔ)的系動(dòng)詞：become, make, look, sound, fall, prove, remain, turn(該詞后接的單數(shù)名詞前多不用冠詞。如：He turned teacher.)
如果讀者對(duì)于這個(gè)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象還是不怎么理解的話，可以以這個(gè)名句為例子學(xué)學(xué)：the man who dies rich dies disgraced.在巨富中死去，是一種恥辱。其中的rich and disgraced 是說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)的。
1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞
用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：
He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。(is與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份。)
2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞
用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：
He always kept silent at meeting. 他開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。
3)表像系動(dòng)詞
用來(lái)表示"看起來(lái)像"這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired. 他看起來(lái)很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來(lái)很傷心。
4)感官系動(dòng)詞
感官系動(dòng)詞(以描述感覺(jué)為主的詞)主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
這種布手感很軟。
This flower smells very sweet.
這朵花聞起來(lái)很香。
5)變化系動(dòng)詞
這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如：
He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她沒(méi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就富了。
6)終止系動(dòng)詞
表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)"證實(shí)"，"變成"之意，例如：
The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查證實(shí)很難。
His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。(turn out表終止性結(jié)果)
注意：可帶名詞作表語(yǔ)的系動(dòng)詞be, become, make, look, sound, fall, prove, remain, turn后接的單數(shù)名詞 前多不用冠詞。
2.系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
如： It sounds good.
半系動(dòng)詞的實(shí)例解析
半系動(dòng)詞通?？梢院托稳菰~連用，有些半系動(dòng)詞可以和介詞短語(yǔ)或asif等連詞連用。現(xiàn)將半系動(dòng)詞分為四類(lèi)進(jìn)行討論。
1、“感官動(dòng)詞”類(lèi)：look feel smell taste sound等，例如：
(1)The story sounds_______.(MET89)
A.to be true B.as true C.being true D.true
(2)Those oranges taste_______.(MET91)
A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well
(3)--Are you feeling_______ (NMET92)
--Yes I'm fine now.
A.any well B.any better C.quite good D.quite better
(4)--Do you like the material
--Yes it______very well.(NMET94)
A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt
(5)--How are you today
--Oh I______as ill as I do now for a very long time.
(NMET2000)
A.didn't feel B.wasn't feeling
C.don't feel D.haven't felt
(6)--You don't look very______.Are you ill?
--No I'm just a bit tired.(北京春招2003)
A.good B.well C.strong D.healthy
(7)The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if
______whether he was going in the right direction.
(2003春招)
A.seeing B.having seen C.to have seen D.to see
解析 此七題的答案分別是DABCDBD。此類(lèi)半系動(dòng)詞通常可以直接搭配形容詞或like或asif等結(jié)構(gòu)。此類(lèi)半系動(dòng)詞一般不使用進(jìn)行時(shí)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。第(7)題的asif后實(shí)際上省略了hewanted.
2、“狀態(tài)變化”類(lèi)：get turn go come become grow fall make等，例如：
(1)--How long_____each other before they______married?
--For about a year.(NMET93)
A.have they known; get
B.did they know; were going to get
C.do they know; are going to get
D.had they known; got
(2)Cleaning women in big cities usually get_____by the hour.(NMET98)
A.pay B.paying C.paid D.topay
(3)As we joined the big crowd I got______from my friends.(NMET2001)
A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed
(4)Becareful when you cross this very busy street. If not
you may______run over by a car.(北京春招2002)
A.have B.get C.become D.turn
(5)--How are the team playing?
--They are playing well but one of them______hurt.
(2002春招)
A.got B.gets C.are D.were
解析 此五題的答案分別是DCABA。由此可見(jiàn)get后搭配過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)是非常常見(jiàn)的一種搭配形式。它常表示一種狀態(tài)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。
3、“保持不變”類(lèi)：stay lie stand keep remain continue等，例如：
(1)Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple but it remains______whether they will enjoy it.
(NMET2002)
A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen
(2)--Mummy can I put the peaches in the cupboard?
--No dear.They don't______well. Put them in the
fridge instead.(2002北京春招)
A.keep B.fit C.get D.last
(3)Why don't you put the meat in the fridge?
It will______fresh for several days.(NMET2003)
A.be stayed B.stay
C.be staying
D.have stayed
解析 此三題的答案分別是BAB。此類(lèi)半系動(dòng)詞后常搭配形容詞、副詞或不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。
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