賓語從句用法詳解

　　名詞性從句在復(fù)合句中作謂語動(dòng)詞、 非謂語動(dòng)詞、 介詞的賓語時(shí)被稱為賓語從句。下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編就給大家?guī)碣e語從句的基本用法詳解，一起來看看吧。

　　一、定義

　　賓語從句就是一個(gè)句子的賓語部分是由另一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)。賓語從句需要用引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo)。學(xué)好賓語從句，必須過“三關(guān)”。即引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)、語序關(guān)、時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)。

　　二、引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)

　　引導(dǎo)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為三類，即:

　　1)。That在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，也無實(shí)義，只是起到連接的作用。

　　通常在say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動(dòng)詞后加that，引導(dǎo)賓語從句。連詞that在口語中常被省略。󰀀

　　如：He said that he was a student.

　　I thought that he was wrong.󰀀

　　☆注意：A) 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that ?？梢允÷?但下列情況下不能省略。

　　(1)and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句，除第一個(gè)從句中的that以外,后面從句中的 that不能省略。

　　如：I know (that) he is a good student and that he likes basketball.

　　(2)、that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不能省略。

　　如： I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.

　　(3)、主句謂語動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語，that不可省略。

　　如：We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job.

　　B) 常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有find,feel,consider,make,believe 等。

　　如：He doesn’t want it to be known that he is going away.

　　C) think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy,guess等表示主觀看法或認(rèn)識的動(dòng)詞,.

　　如：I don’t think he will come to my party.(而不能說成I think he won’t come to my party.) I don’t believe that he is a good student, is he? 我認(rèn)為他不是個(gè)好學(xué)生，不是嗎? I don’t think you are right.

　　I don’t believe that they have finished their work.

　　比較：she believes that I am not a good student.

　　2)?？梢曰Q。

　　如：I don't know whether/if I should go to the party tomorrow.

　　注意：在以下情況中，只能用whether。

　　A) 在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether

　　如：I can’t decide whether to stay.

　　B) 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中，只能用whether。

　　如：I want to know whether she is a student or not.

　　C) 在介詞后，只能用whether。

　　如：His father is worried about whether he has lost his work .

　　3 A) 疑問代詞包括what,who, whom, which,whose, whoever, whatever, whichever等.。 如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

　　I don't know what they want.

　　John told me which girl he liked most..

　　I want to know whose father that old man is.

　　I will give you whatever you want.

　　You can meet whoever you want to see.

　　You can choose whichever you like.

　　B) 疑問副詞包括when, where, how, why, whenever,wherever,however等。

　　如： Could you tell me how we can get to the station?

　　He told me when we should go to the airport.

　　I told him where he should go.

　　I don't know why he is so angry.

　　You can come whenever you are free.

　　You can go wherever you like.

　　4)另外：賓語從句可做動(dòng)詞賓語,介詞賓語,及某些形容詞甚至是副詞的賓語. 例如：

　　1、He said that he was a student.(that從句是said的賓語)

　　2、賓語從句作介詞的賓語，常常有兩種情況：

　　A) wh-類的介詞賓語從句

　　如：We are talking about where we should go.(疑問代詞where從句作介詞about的賓語) The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done.(疑問代詞what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)介詞with的賓語)

　　B)用that,whether引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句

　　如：except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后常常可以見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 We are talking about whether we should go camping.

　　3、常常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有:sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised。That常?？梢允÷浴?/p>

　　如：I am sure (that) I will pass the exam.

　　Mary was pleased (that) she had passed the final exam.. (that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句是形容詞pleased的賓語)

　　4、I will find out where he has gone(where引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作副詞out的賓語).

　　三、語序關(guān)

　　如：1、Tom said. +He is reading a book.

　　→ Tom said that he was reading a book.

　　2、He asks me. +Are they playing a game?

　　→ He asks me if/whether they are playing a game.(賓語從句，陳述語序)

　　3、Where is the hospital? He told me.

　　→ He told me Where the Hospital was.

　　4、I don't know who he is

　　四、時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)

　　賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。

　　賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，既：

　　1

　　如： I think he is a clever boy.

　　I think he has gone to Beijing.

　　I think he bought the book yesterday.

　　則從句要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。

　　如：he said he was reading.

　　He said he would go to Beijing tomorrow.

　　He forgot whether he had locked the door.

　　對比理解下列幾組句子：

　　例:1)She says that she is a student.

　　She said that she was a student.

　　2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.

　　She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.

　　3)She says that she has finished her homework already.

　　She said that she had finished her homework already.

　　4)She says that she can sing a song in English.

　　She said that she could sing a song in English.

　　3、當(dāng)賓語從句敘述的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句、諺語等，不管主句是 什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　例： He told me that Japan is an island country.(客觀事實(shí))