托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作讓步段模板怎么寫(xiě)好
讓步段的寫(xiě)作可以說(shuō)是一舉多得。托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)讓步段寫(xiě)作需要遵循一定的原則，下面就是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作讓步段模板，希望對(duì)你有用!
托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作讓步段模板
相信很多同學(xué)目前在寫(xiě)?yīng)毩?xiě)作的時(shí)候采用的依然是經(jīng)典的五段式，中間兩個(gè)理由段外加一個(gè)讓步的形式。讓步的作用說(shuō)的直白一點(diǎn)就是防止我們找不到第三個(gè)理由沒(méi)話寫(xiě)，畢竟每個(gè)題目都找三個(gè)理由真的不是那么容易，很多同學(xué)都是瞎湊。當(dāng)然啦，有一個(gè)讓步也顯得我們的文章的論證更加完整一些。下面咱們通過(guò)幾個(gè)實(shí)例來(lái)看看讓步段到底該咋寫(xiě)。希望大家把讓步的套路搞明白之后，最好能記住一套，并且學(xué)會(huì)如何針對(duì)不同題目進(jìn)行更改，這樣一來(lái)考場(chǎng)上就能節(jié)省大量的時(shí)間。
讓步段1
Students can use their mobile phones to surf on the Internet or listen to the music while doing their homework.
Admittedly, some students claim that listening to music or surfing online can reduce the anxiety and tension while doing homework, but what you may not know is that people’s sub-consciousness is actually distracted, which not only slows down the progress of the work but also burdens their nerves. Hence, the real way to relax your mind is to kick off your shoes, sit back and listen to light or classical music after having finished the entire task rather than during the process.
本題其實(shí)是一個(gè)典型的一元素的題目，這個(gè)元素就是能否看手機(jī)，我們可以把這個(gè)元素看成 a, 文章結(jié)構(gòu)就是先說(shuō) a 的兩個(gè)壞處，a1- a2-, 然后在讓步的時(shí)候說(shuō) a+，但是由于題目的立場(chǎng)是反對(duì)，所有讓步可以以 a+ 開(kāi)始，但是最后以 a- 結(jié)束，否則就會(huì)對(duì)自己的立場(chǎng)有一定的削弱。
讓步段1的示范
It is important for the government to allocate money on beautiful things, not just for things that are practical. [2014年5月24日]
Admittedly, some people claim that spending money on beautiful things can satisfy people’s higher level needs, but what you may not know is that the satisfaction of residents’ most basic needs might be compromised, which not only takes a heavy toll on their living conditions but also poses a major threat to the government with tight budget. Hence, there is no better way for a country to achieve successful development than to devote its budgets to practical needs.
本題是一個(gè)兩元素比較類(lèi)的題目，元素 a 是美麗的東西，元素 b 是實(shí)際的東西，而立場(chǎng)是支持 b>a，所以讓步的時(shí)候我們就寫(xiě) a+ a- b+ 從說(shuō) a 的好處過(guò)渡到 b 好。這里面有幾個(gè)表達(dá)希望大家注意一下。主語(yǔ)從句結(jié)合not only but also 的結(jié)構(gòu)：what you may not know is that..., which not only ... but also ....。以及 there is no better way for sb to do sth than to do sth 。還有 a take a heavy toll on b and a pose a major threat to b。
讓步段2
Students can benefit from student organization and club activities as much as from their academic studies.
Admittedly, academic study is of vital importance to every student, for it provides the basic and systematic knowledge to which we cannot be blind. However, to emphasize the importance of academic study does not mean that student organizations and club activities are dispensable. One who devotes himself to academic study without paying any attention to extra-curricular activities stands a fair chance to become a nerd with high IQ but low EQ, which is not an ideal case.
本題是一個(gè)經(jīng)典的 a=b 的題目，立場(chǎng)是支持 a>b 然后文章結(jié)構(gòu)依然是 a1+ a2+ b+ 兩個(gè)理由一個(gè)讓步的形式。讓步的時(shí)候 b+ b- a+ 的套路。這里面有些表達(dá)很不錯(cuò)，比如：a is of vital importance to b, be blind to sth, to emphasize the importance of a does not mean that b is dispensable, stand a fair chance to do sth。這些表達(dá)希望大家重點(diǎn)記一下，然后融入到自己的讓步段的模板里面。幾個(gè)讓步稍微融合一下就可以避免跟別人撞車(chē)了。
讓步段2的示范
Visiting a museum is the best way to learn about a country.
Admittedly, paying a visit to a museum is of vital importance to learning about a country, for it provides the basic and systematic knowledge related to the country’s history to which we cannot be blind. However, to emphasize the importance of museums does not mean that other ways of getting to a country are of lesser importance. One who devotes himself to visiting museums without paying any attention to other ways stands a fair chance to lose sight of a country’s present magnificence, which is not an ideal case.
本題是一個(gè)多元素的題目，翻譯過(guò)來(lái)就是 a>b a>c a>d ... a>n， 我們的立場(chǎng)是不同意，所以最好找兩個(gè)不等式來(lái)證明他們是不成立的，比如：b>a c>a。我們可以寫(xiě)上網(wǎng)這個(gè)方式很好啊，另外交友也是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的方式啊。讓步承認(rèn)博物館有好處，可以讓我們了解一個(gè)國(guó)家的歷史，但是如果認(rèn)為其他方式不如它重要的話很可能不能夠了解國(guó)家現(xiàn)在的成就，這就不好了。這里面又出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)新的短語(yǔ)，lose sight of = be blind to 還有 be of lesser importance 跟 be of vital importance 正好相反。
讓步段3
Do you agree or disagree: governments should spend more money in sponsoring arts than in athletics.
Admittedly, the significance of arts cannot be overlooked; building up an artistic atmosphere is conducive to refining people’s artistic taste. If a society is artistically cultivated, hardly would its people’s souls be corrupted by materialism. However, compared with arts, athletics is more fundamental, i.e., without good health, people will not be able to make any great achievements including those in the area of arts. Thus, the vital importance of athletics is self-evident.
本題是一個(gè)兩元素的題目，兩個(gè)元素分別是藝術(shù)和體育，a>b。而本題的立場(chǎng)是支持 b>a。所以文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是 b1+ b2+ a+。讓步的時(shí)候依然是 a+ b+ 的結(jié)構(gòu)。這里面涉及到的比較不錯(cuò)的表達(dá)有：the significance of a cannot be overlooked, be conducive to, the vital importance of b is self-evident, 以及倒裝句 hardly would its people's souls be corrupted by materialism。
讓步段3的示范
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People who have learned many different skills are more likely to succeed than those who focus on learning only one skill. [2014年2月22日]
Admittedly, the significance of being versatile cannot be overlooked since it is conducive to increasing one’s competitive advantage in the workplace. If an individual has multiple skills, hardly would he or she be outstripped by others. However, compared with learning a variety of skills, zeroing in on one skill is more fundamental without which people will not be able to make any great achievements. Thus, the vital importance of concentrating on one skill is self-evident.
本題也是一個(gè)兩元素的題目，我們只要將模板中的相應(yīng)位置進(jìn)行合理的替換即可。替換的時(shí)候盡量用一些同義詞或者短語(yǔ)來(lái)避免重復(fù)。本段中也有幾個(gè)不錯(cuò)的表達(dá)，比如：increase one's competitive advantage 以及 be outstripped by = be eclipsed by 還有 zero in on = focus on等等。
如何寫(xiě)好托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作讓步段
讓步段，顧名思義，就是退了一步的段落。例如，2009年6月27日的題目，F(xiàn)or further career success, is relate well to other people more important than studying hard at school? 選擇了同意的立場(chǎng)，寫(xiě)完了三個(gè)同意的理由之后，可以再寫(xiě)一點(diǎn)讓步段論述一下反方的觀點(diǎn)，即在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)好也很重要。寫(xiě)讓步段的好處有很多，一是上文提及的最實(shí)際的用途---湊字?jǐn)?shù)，二是從行文邏輯看，寫(xiě)一段讓步段也可以展現(xiàn)考生思維的嚴(yán)密性。只要時(shí)間允許，此種一舉多得的做法為何不嘗試呢?
但是，讓步段寫(xiě)作也需要遵循一定的原則?？忌趯?xiě)作時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照三部曲進(jìn)行：1)寫(xiě)出一個(gè)反方觀點(diǎn) 2)進(jìn)行一定程度的削弱 3)重申自己的觀點(diǎn)。
1) 寫(xiě)出反方觀點(diǎn)
這一步大多數(shù)同學(xué)都做得不錯(cuò)，但是在提出反方觀點(diǎn)之前，可再加上一些連接詞，例如admittedly, nevertheless等等。還拿之前拿到題目做例子，F(xiàn)or further career success, is relate well to other people more important than studying hard at school? 總觀點(diǎn)是同意，讓步段寫(xiě)學(xué)習(xí)好也挺重要的。第一步引出反方觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，應(yīng)寫(xiě)：Admittedly, acquiring an excellent GPA is one significant proof of your ability, for "study" is one of the major tasks that students are supposed to fulfill in school.
2) 進(jìn)行一定程度的削弱
這是大多數(shù)同學(xué)會(huì)忽略的一步。很多同學(xué)在寫(xiě)讓步段的時(shí)候，喜歡跳過(guò)第二步，直接重申自己的觀點(diǎn)，然而這樣的寫(xiě)法會(huì)顯得邏輯上牽強(qiáng)，行文也顯得生硬。因此，在提出反方觀點(diǎn)時(shí)要進(jìn)行一定的削弱。例如在寫(xiě)完上文那句話之后，應(yīng)加上：However, the outstanding scores only prove the intelligence of the student, while the EQ, largely reflected by how well you relate with others, plays an utmost significant role in the future career success.
3)重申自己的觀點(diǎn)
這一步非常重要，因?yàn)樽尣蕉蔚奶岢鰞H僅是小插曲，重要的還是自己的觀點(diǎn)。切不可寫(xiě)了讓步段，就忘了自己的立場(chǎng)，那樣就是得不償失了。因此，在寫(xiě)完上面兩句話之后，需要再加上一句，therefore, I still hold the opinion that relate well with others is more important than acquiring high scores in school.
在讓步段的寫(xiě)作當(dāng)中，尤其需要注意兩點(diǎn)：1是第二步的削弱過(guò)程，這樣可使文章看起來(lái)不那么唐突，更為流暢。2是另外還需注意字?jǐn)?shù)的控制，讓步段切不可寫(xiě)得超過(guò)之前的論述段的長(zhǎng)度，否則就有觀點(diǎn)不明確的嫌疑了。
托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作的六大“潛規(guī)則”
同學(xué)們粗心看錯(cuò)題也是常有的事兒，比如“Only movies that can teach us something about real life are worth watching。”這道題，有人就會(huì)誤解為“只有電影能夠教會(huì)我們關(guān)于真實(shí)生活的東西”，而本題有兩個(gè)限定部分，一個(gè)是only，一個(gè)是that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。再如“Solving environmental problems is the best way for the government to improve public health。”
這道題，有人寫(xiě)著就忘記了主角“government”論述的時(shí)候應(yīng)該要從政府的角度出發(fā)，政府能都怎么做來(lái)改善公民的健康?也不能把public health理解為“小眾的的健康”(比如“patients’”)，不能寫(xiě)“政府可以資助醫(yī)院，讓醫(yī)院更新醫(yī)療設(shè)備，提高病人的治愈率”。medical facilities的話只針對(duì)病人。那怎么寫(xiě)“醫(yī)療”這個(gè)角度呢?其實(shí)在后面補(bǔ)充一句“減少疾病的傳播，不會(huì)傳染給健康的人”，范圍就擴(kuò)大為“the public”了，而不再僅僅是“patients”。
因此，審題一定要審清楚，題目限定對(duì)象、限定范圍時(shí)，一定要在這個(gè)范圍內(nèi)去討論;當(dāng)題目沒(méi)有限定這些內(nèi)容時(shí)，就沒(méi)必要自己曲解題意，自己限定在一個(gè)小范圍內(nèi)論述，沒(méi)有給定范圍時(shí)，什么情況都可以討論，言之成理即可。審題花3到5分鐘，把全文思路想清楚再動(dòng)手寫(xiě)，比你邊寫(xiě)邊想要好很多。
Two文章結(jié)構(gòu)最好為四段式，字?jǐn)?shù)400字以上。
很多人會(huì)覺(jué)得寫(xiě)五段比較好，兩個(gè)支持觀點(diǎn)，一個(gè)反對(duì)觀點(diǎn)或者兩正加一讓步段，而且讓步段都是讓步觀點(diǎn)點(diǎn)到為止(說(shuō)出了好/不好的一面，但是即刻又馬上回到自己的主立場(chǎng))，不多做解釋?zhuān)@樣其實(shí)不太好把握，讓步段對(duì)考生的邏輯思維要求較高，稍不注意會(huì)被考官誤認(rèn)為立場(chǎng)不堅(jiān)定。
Three 充分的論據(jù)支撐是不可或缺的部分。
凡是有觀點(diǎn)，最好都要給出具體的解釋?zhuān)徽归_(kāi)解釋人家就會(huì)疑惑“為什么?”。如果三個(gè)觀點(diǎn)都展開(kāi)論述的話，大多數(shù)學(xué)生就會(huì)覺(jué)得時(shí)間不夠用。所以，主體段落最好就寫(xiě)兩個(gè)理由段，段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系闡述清楚就可以。
中間主體段落的論述，最好是“觀點(diǎn)句+理論解釋+例子+總結(jié)句”，總結(jié)句其實(shí)跟觀點(diǎn)句一個(gè)意思，“舉的例子說(shuō)明了XXX道理”，這個(gè)道理其實(shí)就是topic sentence啦。那么寫(xiě)總結(jié)句的時(shí)候就要對(duì)觀點(diǎn)句進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)了，用不同的詞匯和句型表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思，這就體現(xiàn)你的語(yǔ)言功底了。
Four 理由段論證一定要體現(xiàn)嚴(yán)密的邏輯，思維不能跳躍。
比如“Improving schools is the most important factor in successful development of a country.”這道題，為什么改善學(xué)校會(huì)對(duì)國(guó)家的發(fā)展有幫助?純粹的美化能起到作用嗎?到底怎樣改善學(xué)校才能對(duì)國(guó)家的發(fā)展起到積極作用?
所以第一步就先要解釋“how-to improve schools”;然后才是第二步improving school的好處是，可以培養(yǎng)更多的優(yōu)秀人才。學(xué)生可以有很好的條件學(xué)習(xí)，有助于他們學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)(學(xué)到什么樣的知識(shí)，鍛煉出什么樣的能力)，對(duì)于國(guó)家的發(fā)展有很大幫助。括號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容也是不能缺失的，否則就會(huì)有思維GAP。A(改善學(xué)校)→B(培養(yǎng)人才)→C(國(guó)家成功發(fā)展)，每一步都不能缺失。缺了A，how to improve沒(méi)有解釋清楚的話，B可能就不會(huì)發(fā)生;缺了B，沒(méi)有說(shuō)明改善學(xué)?？梢耘囵B(yǎng)出什么樣的人才，C也不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。所以論述一定要詳細(xì)充分。
Five切忌大量模板，尤其在論證過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)大量繁瑣的沒(méi)有實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容的模板句。
獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作不要背別人總結(jié)的模板句，想想評(píng)卷老師看到一模一樣的開(kāi)頭會(huì)有何感想?第一印象肯定不好，還會(huì)覺(jué)得“這學(xué)生不大會(huì)寫(xiě)文章啊，都是抄別人的”。
Six 學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)散思維，不要就事論事。
不要僅僅圍繞給的點(diǎn)去論述，比如我們前面提到的improving school那道題，不要僅僅圍繞著“改善學(xué)校”這個(gè)因素來(lái)論述，“改善學(xué)校好啊，好在這方面，好在那方面”，這樣論述就偏題了，僅僅證明了它是一個(gè)很重要的因素(說(shuō)明education的重要性)，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明它是最重要的。要完整充分地證明自己的觀點(diǎn)，必定要提到其他因素，比如說(shuō)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等。
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