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      學習啦 > 學習電腦 > 電腦入門 > 在三層交換機配置DHCP的方法

      在三層交換機配置DHCP的方法

      時間: 志藝942 分享

      在三層交換機配置DHCP的方法

        通過本實驗掌握,如何在Cisco Catalyst 3550交換機來配置DHCP服務(wù),實現(xiàn)對內(nèi)網(wǎng)主機分配IP地址,網(wǎng)關(guān),DNS,WINS,租期,域名等。接下來是小編為大家收集的在三層交換機配置DHCP的方法,希望能幫到大家。

        在三層交換機配置DHCP的方法

        可能你之前是在windows Server服務(wù)器或者Cisco Router 部署過DHCP,但在工程項目中,根據(jù)需求,大多是在接入層或者匯聚層多層交換機來配置的,可以同時實現(xiàn)DHCP Snooping等技術(shù)。

        實驗過程:

        第一步:Catalyst 3550底層配置

        Switch(config)#no ip do lo

        Switch(config)#line con 0

        Switch(config-line)#no exec-t

        Switch(config-line)#logg syn

        Switch(config-line)#host Switch_Dhcp

        Switch_Dhcp(config)#int f0/1

        Switch_Dhcp(config-if)#no sh

        Switch_Dhcp(config-if)#spanning-tree portfast

        //連接終端的接口下,開啟portfast特性,跳過生成樹的選舉,接口立即進入轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)狀態(tài)

        %Warning: portfast should only be enabled on ports connected to a single

        host. Connecting hubs, concentrators, switches, bridges, etc... to this

        interface when portfast is enabled, can cause temporary bridging loops.

        Use with CAUTION

        %Portfast has been configured on FastEthernet0/1 but will only

        have effect when the interface is in a non-trunking mode.

        Switch_Dhcp(config-if)#end

        第二步: 開啟DHCP服務(wù),定義分配地址池范圍及掩碼,網(wǎng)關(guān),DNS,域名,租期等

        //全局下開啟DHCP服務(wù),該服務(wù)默認是關(guān)閉的

        Switch_Dhcp(config)#service dhcp

        //關(guān)閉DHCP分配沖突,日志記錄消息

        Switch_Dhcp(config)#no ip dhcp conflict logging

        //創(chuàng)建DHCP地址池,名稱為可以是任意字符

        Switch_Dhcp(config)#ip dhcp pool cisco

        //指定要通過DHCP分配的網(wǎng)段和掩碼,還有另外一種寫法(192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0)

        Switch_Dhcp(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.0.0 /24

        //指定分配的網(wǎng)關(guān)地址

        Switch_Dhcp(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.0.1

        //指定DHCP域名,域名可以為任意字符

        Switch_Dhcp(dhcp-config)#domain-name www.cisco.com.cn

        //指定PC通過DHCP分配到DNS地址,(這里指定的是當?shù)仉娦挪块T的真實地址,全國各地市不一樣的)

        Switch_Dhcp(dhcp-config)#dns 218.30.19.40 61.134.1.4

        //netbios服務(wù)器地址,可選的配置

        Switch_Dhcp(dhcp-config)#netbios-name-server 192.168.0.10

        //指定通過DHCP分配到地址,租期為永久

        Switch_Dhcp(dhcp-config)#lease infinite

        Switch_Dhcp(dhcp-config)#end

        //指定不通過DHCP 地址池中分配的地址,也就是排除的地址。如果這些地址被分配給PC使用,就有可能造成網(wǎng)絡(luò)中IP地址沖突。如:192.168.0.1 是網(wǎng)關(guān)地址,該地址只能是分配所有PC做網(wǎng)關(guān)地址,不能做IP地址使用。所以要排除。

        Switch_Dhcp(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.0.1

        Switch_Dhcp(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.0.10

        第三步:查看VLAN信息,并啟用SVI接口

        復制代碼

        代碼如下:

        Switch_Dhcp#show vlan brief

        VLAN Name Status Ports

        ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

        1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

        Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

        Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

        Fa0/13, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17

        Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21

        Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1

        Gi0/2

        1002 fddi-default act/unsup

        1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

        1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

        1005 trnet-default act/unsup

        Switch_Dhcp#conf t

        Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

        //進入管理VLAN1 下,啟用SVI功能

        Switch_Dhcp(config)#int vlan 1

        //配置VLAN的地址為192.168.0.1 掩碼為24位,默認情況下Cisco Catalyst交換機所有的物理接口都屬于VLAN1,此地址也就是PC網(wǎng)關(guān)地址。

        Switch_Dhcp(config-if)#ip add 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0

        Switch_Dhcp(config-if)#no sh

        Switch_Dhcp(config-if)#end

        Switch_Dhcp#

        00:09:07: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

        Switch_Dhcp#

        00:09:08: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

        00:09:09: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to

        第四步:查看當前交換機配置文件

        復制代碼

        代碼如下:

        //驗證DHCP的配置信息

        Switch_Dhcp#sh run | begin ip dhcp

        no ip dhcp conflict logging

        ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.0.1

        ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.0.10

        !

        ip dhcp pool cisco

        network 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0

        default-router 192.168.0.1

        domain-name www.cisco.com.cn

        dns-server 218.30.19.40 61.134.1.4

        netbios-name-server 192.168.0.10

        lease infinite

        interface Vlan1

        ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0

        第五步:此時將PC1的網(wǎng)線插入Catalyst 3550 的F0/1接口,并在PC上查看IP地址獲得信息。PC上的本地連接,TCP/IP 設(shè)置為自動獲得IP地址形式。

        PC上查看方法:開始-運行-cmd-ipconfig/all

        從以上信息可以得出,PC已經(jīng)能從DHCP服務(wù)器獲得IP地址等信息,實驗現(xiàn)象成功。

        第六步:查看交換機DHCP 動態(tài)綁定,以及交換機DHCP Server狀態(tài)信息

        復制代碼

        代碼如下:

        //查看DHCP動態(tài)綁定信息,從這里可以看到PC,從DHCP地址池中的得到IP地址,以及PC的MAC地址等

        Switch_Dhcp#show ip dhcp binding

        IP address Client-ID/ Lease expiration Type

        Hardware address

        192.168.0.2 0100.16d3.249f.fd Infinite Automatic

        //查看DHCP服務(wù)器工作狀態(tài)

        Switch_Dhcp#show ip dhcp server statistics

        Memory usage 5661

        Address pools 1

        Database agents 0

        Automatic bindings 1

        Manual bindings 0

        Expired bindings 0

        Malformed messages 0

        Message Received

        BOOTREQUEST 0

        DHCPDISCOVER 2

        DHCPREQUEST 3

        DHCPDECLINE 0

        DHCPRELEASE 0

        DHCPINFORM 3

        Message Sent

        BOOTREPLY 0

        DHCPOFFER 2

        DHCPACK 6

        DHCPNAK 0

        Switch_Dhcp#

        Switch_Dhcp#clear ip dhcp binding *

        第七步:使用debug 調(diào)試命令查看PC申請IP地址過程(DHCP工作過程)

        在PC上:開始-運行-cmd-ipconfig /release (釋放獲得IP地址)

        重新申請IP地址ipconfig /renew

        此時查看交換機日志信息

        復制代碼

        代碼如下:

        Switch_Dhcp#debug ip dhcp server events

        01:13:12: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

        Switch_Dhcp#

        01:13:13: DHCPD: DHCPDISCOVER received from client 0100.16d3.249f.fd on interface Vlan1.

        Switch_Dhcp#

        01:13:20: DHCPD: assigned IP address 192.168.0.3 to client 0100.16d3.249f.fd.

        01:13:20: DHCPD: Sending DHCPOFFER to client 0100.16d3.249f.fd (192.168.0.3).

        01:13:20: DHCPD: broadcasting BOOTREPLY to client 0016.d324.9ffd.

        01:13:20: DHCPD: DHCPREQUEST received from client 0100.16d3.249f.fd.

        01:13:20: DHCPD: Sending DHCPACK to client 0100.16d3.249f.fd (192.168.0.3).

        01:13:20: DHCPD: broadcasting BOOTREPLY to client 0016.d324.9ffd.

        Switch_Dhcp#

        01:13:23: DHCPD: DHCPINFORM received from client 0100.16d3.249f.fd (192.168.0.3).

        01:13:23: DHCPD: Sending DHCPACK to client 0100.16d3.249f.fd (192.168.0.3).

        01:13:23: DHCPD: unicasting BOOTREPLY to client 0016.d324.9ffd (192.168.0.3).


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