2017英語語法專題
2017英語語法專題
2017奶奶有哪些英語語法,是你在考試前老師重點(diǎn)搶到的?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的2017英語語法專題,供大家參閱!
2017英語語法專題:數(shù)詞
1.數(shù)詞概述:表示數(shù)目多少或順序先后的詞叫做數(shù)詞。其用法相當(dāng)于名詞或者形容詞。
2.數(shù)詞的種類:可以分為兩種: 基數(shù)詞:表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞:表示先后順序的數(shù)詞。
3.基數(shù)詞的寫法和用法
1)1—12的基數(shù)詞是獨(dú)立的單詞,即: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight, nine,ten,eleven,twelve。
2)13—19的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。如:14—fourteen,但13,15,18較特殊,13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。
3)20—90的整十位均以-ty結(jié)尾。如:60—sixty,但20,30,40,50,80較特殊, 20—twenty 30—thirty 40—forty 50—fifty 80—eighty。
4) 十位數(shù)與個(gè)位數(shù)之間要加連字符號(hào)“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six。
5) 百位和十位(若無十位則和個(gè)位)之間加“and”,如:148—one hundred and forty-eight , 406—four hundred and six。
6) hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百萬),billion(十億)等前面即使有具體的數(shù)詞,也不能在它們的后面加s。
7) .百(hundred),千(thousand),百萬(million)等詞與介詞of連用的時(shí)侯,用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表不確定數(shù)目,其前面不可與數(shù)字連用
8).表示“幾十”的數(shù)詞,復(fù)數(shù)形式可用來表示人的歲數(shù)或年代。
如: He is in his forties. 他四十多歲。
This took place in the 1930s. 這事發(fā)生在二十世紀(jì)三十年代。
9).基數(shù)詞可與其他詞構(gòu)成形容詞。
如: Can you say something about your two-month holiday? ?(two和month之間有連字符時(shí),month用單數(shù))
4. 序數(shù)詞的寫法和用法
1).基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞可利用口訣巧記:“一、二、三,特殊記,八去“t ”,九去“e”,“ve”要用“f”替,見“y”變成“i”和“e”,詞尾加上“th”,若是遇到幾十幾,只變個(gè)位就可以。”
變法如下:first,second,third,eight—eighth nine—ninth,five—fifth,twelve—twelfth,twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth,twenty-five—twenty-fifth。
其余情況均在基數(shù)詞后加th。如: six—sixth, nineteen—nineteenth , hundred— hundredth, thousand—thousandth等。
2). 序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞the, 表“順序”。但如果序數(shù)詞不表示順序,而表示“又一個(gè),另一個(gè)”時(shí),則不能用the, 要用a. 如:Try it a second time. 再試一下。
5. 序數(shù)詞表示“名次”時(shí),不用定冠詞。
He was first. 他得了第一名。
Who was first? Who was second?誰是第一名?誰是第二名?
注意:
1.分?jǐn)?shù)的讀法:分子必須用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。分子如果大于1,分母須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。先讀分子,再讀分母。分子為one時(shí)可換用a. 如:
In our class, about a third can speak English well.
Two thirds 三分之二。
2.1/2讀作“a(或one)half(而不是a second “一秒鐘”),1/4既可讀作“a(或one)quarter”又可讀作 “a(或one)fourth”.
3/4:Three quarters
3.小數(shù)的讀法:小數(shù)點(diǎn)的前的基數(shù)詞與前面所講的基數(shù)詞讀法完全相同;小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point,小數(shù)點(diǎn)后只須將數(shù)字一一讀出。
15.67 讀作: fifteen point six seven
4. 百分?jǐn)?shù)的讀法:先讀基數(shù)詞,再讀百分號(hào) “%”(讀作percent).
5% 讀作: five percent.
5.年代的讀法為“兩位,兩位”地讀。整百的后讀hundred,整千的后讀thousand, 前常加 the year. 如:
1937讀作nineteen thirty-seven 或:nineteen hundred and thirty-seven
2000 年 讀作 the year two thousand
December the first, nineteen ninety-four 一九九四年十二月一日
2017英語語法專題:連詞
1.連詞概述:連詞是一種虛詞,用于連接單詞,短語或句子,但不單獨(dú)做句子成分。按照連詞的性質(zhì),可將連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞如:and,but,or,for等,它們即可連接單詞,短語,又可連接句子。從屬連詞如:when,before ,because等,它們主要引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。
2.常見連詞的用法:
1)并列連詞 的用法: 并列連詞有:and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both...and, not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor, still,
And: 連接單詞短語句子 。如:Tom and I study in the same school.
But, or :I have a pen but no pencil. / Would you like coffee or tea?
Nothing but除了,只有: I did nothing but watch it.
Or表示否則:如: Hurry up or you will miss the train.
for 表示后面的句子是原因。如: He is good at piano for he practices harder than others.
Not only…but also 不僅…而且。可并列主、謂、賓、表及句子。主語并列時(shí),謂語要就近一致。如: Not only he but also I am a nurse.
As well as 以及,同樣。并列單詞、短語、句子。并列主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞要隨前面的主語變化 .如:He works as well as he can
Either…or 既…又…,或…或…,并列主、謂、賓、表及狀語 ,如:Either come in or go out.
Neither…nor 既不…也不, 并列主、謂、賓、表、狀語,并列主語時(shí),謂語就近一致。如:Neither you nor he is lazy.
Both…and 和,既…也,并列主、謂、賓及表語。I can speak both English and French.
nor 也不,引導(dǎo)句子要倒裝 。如:He can not play the piano, nor can I.
so 因此,所以,不和because連用。如:You like swimming, so do I.
1) 從屬連詞的用法: 從屬連詞有:after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless, because, than, that, whether, so that
after 表示“時(shí)間”,在…之后。如:After I finished the school, I became a worker in the factory.
Although/though 表示讓步, “盡管”。如: Although she is young, she knows a lot.
as 表示時(shí)間,“當(dāng)…時(shí)”,方式“象…”,原因,“由于、因?yàn)?rdquo;讓步,“盡管、雖然” 。如: As it was rainy, we couldn’t go out now.
As if/as though 表方式,“似乎、好像” 。如: He told us such a story as though he had been there before.
As long as/so long as 表?xiàng)l件,“只要” 。如: As long as I am here, I’ll go to help you.
As soon as 表時(shí)間,“一…就…”。如: I will call you as soon as I come back.
because 表原因,“因?yàn)?rdquo;。如: I have to practice more because I am not good at English.
before 表時(shí)間,“在…之前’’ 。如: You should think more before you do it.
Even if/ even though 表讓步,“即使”。如: You should try again even if you failed.
Hardly…when 表時(shí)間,“(剛)一…就”。如: Hardly I entered the gate when the bell rang.
if “假如”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。如: We will stay at home if the rain doesn’t stop.
“是否”,引導(dǎo)賓語從句。如; I don’t know if he goes shopping.
In order that 表目的,“為了,以便”。如: We study hard in order that we can pass the exam.
No matter +疑問詞 表讓步,“無論,不管”。如: No matter what you do, you should try your best.
No sooner…than 表時(shí)間,“剛一…就…”。如: No sooner had I come home than it began to rain.
once 表時(shí)間,“一旦…”。如: Once you read this book, you’ll never forget it.
since 表時(shí)間,“自從…以來”.如: He has been in this city since he left school.
表原因,“既然,由于” 。如: Since the job is dangerous, let’s do it more carefully.
so far as/as far as 表?xiàng)l件,“就…而言,就…而論”.如:As far as I know, it is easy for you to speak in English.
So that 表目的,“以便” 。如: Speak loud so that everybody can hear clearly.
So…that 表結(jié)果“如此,以致”。如: He got up so early that he caught the early bus.
than 表示比較,“比” 。如: Things were worse than we thought.
unless 表?xiàng)l件,“除非,如果不” 。如: You will fail in the test unless you study hard.
Until/till 表時(shí)間,“直到…為止” 。如: I’ll wait till my mother comes back.
when 表時(shí)間,“當(dāng)…時(shí)’’。如: When they got there, the train has left.
whether “是否”引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 。如: Whether he can come to see us is unknown.
表讓步,“不管/無論、是否”。如:Whether she is rich or poor, she is always happy.
while 表時(shí)間,“當(dāng)…時(shí)” 。如: While he was in Beijing, he visited the Great Wall.
whenever 表時(shí)間,“無論什么時(shí)候”。如: Whenever you meet any trouble, tell me at once.
2017英語語法專題:冠詞
1. 冠詞概述:冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。
2. 冠詞的種類:英語中的冠詞有三種,一種是定冠詞,另一種是不定冠詞,還有一種是零冠詞。
3. 不定冠詞的用法
不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源,是'一個(gè)'的意思。a用于輔音音素前,一般讀作[e],而an則用于元音音素前,一般讀做[en]。
1) 表示'一個(gè)',意為one;
2) 代表一類人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is a doctor.
3) 詞組或成語。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a great many / many a / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on /
4. 定冠詞的用法
定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that同源,有'那(這)個(gè)'的意思,但較弱,可以和一個(gè)名詞連用,來表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。它有以下意義:
1)特指雙方都明白的人或物:定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that同源,有'那(這)個(gè)'的意思,但較弱,可以和一個(gè)名詞連用,來表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。
1)特指雙方都明白的人或物: Take the umbrella. 帶上傘。
2)上文提到過的人或事: He bought a book. I've read the book.
他買了一本書。我看過那本書。
3)指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth
4)單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the dollar 美元; the fox 狐貍;或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich 富人; the living 活著的人。
5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí),及形容詞only,very,same等前面:
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二層。
That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的東西。
6)用在表示身體部位的名詞前: She caught me by the hand. 她抓住了我手。
7)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級(jí)、等專有名詞前:
the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國 the United States 美國
8)用在表示樂器的名詞之前: She plays the piano. 她會(huì)彈鋼琴。
9) 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人: the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫婦)
10) 用在慣用語中:
in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country) in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, by the way, go to the theatre
5.零冠詞的用法
1) 國名,人名前通常不用冠詞:England,Mary;
2)泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類人或事物時(shí),可不用定冠詞; They are teachers.
3)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞; Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。
2)在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前,不加冠詞;
We go to school from Monday to Friday.
3)在三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前,不加冠詞
4) 當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用中間無冠詞;by bus,by train;
5)有些個(gè)體名詞不用冠詞;如: school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class, town,church,court 等個(gè)體名詞,直接置于介詞后,表示該名詞的深層含義,
如:go to hospital 去醫(yī)院看病
go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
6)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞;
a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞
b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞 He came first in the race.
c. 在固定詞組中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last
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