小學(xué)英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)
小學(xué)英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)
小學(xué)英語語法是每個小學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語時必須要掌握的一個英語知識要點(diǎn)，那么小學(xué)生需要復(fù)習(xí)哪些小學(xué)英語語法呢?下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家整理的小學(xué)英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)的資料，希望大家喜歡!
小學(xué)英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)
一、時態(tài)
1.一般現(xiàn)在時
(1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或事情，通常用 “usually通常, often常常, every…每…, sometimes有時，always總是,”等詞。
(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
I / You / We / They He / She / It
肯定句 動詞原形 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式
否定句 don’t + 動原 doesn’t + 動原
一般疑問句(Yes/No) Do… ? Yes, I do. Does…(動詞原形)…?No,she doesn’t.
特殊疑問句 What do …? How does she…(動詞原形)…?
(3) 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式(同名詞單數(shù)變成復(fù)數(shù)方法相同)
1 一般情況 +s 如：walk-walks
2. 輔音字母+y結(jié)尾 去y +ies fly-flies
3. 結(jié)尾是 s, x， sh, ch +es watch-watches
4. 特殊的 do-does ,have-has, go-goes
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,
(1)表示正在發(fā)生的動作，通常用“now現(xiàn)在, look看，linsen聽”.
(2)基本形式： be + 動詞ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
What are you doing?
Is he reading?
(3)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式(動詞+ing)
一般情況 +ing walk—walking
結(jié)尾是不發(fā)音的 e -e + ing come—coming
重讀閉音節(jié) 雙寫最后一個字母+ing run-running
swim-swimming
3. 一般過去時
(1) 表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,通常用 “last …上一個…, just now剛才, a moment ago剛才， yesterday昨天”等詞。
(2) be 動詞的過去式: am/is—was are—were
(3)過去式基本結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定句(Positive) 動詞過去式 I went shopping last night.
否定句(Negative) Didn’t + 動詞原形 I didn’t go shopping last night.
一般疑問句(Yes/No) Did …+ 動詞原形…? Did you go shopping last night?
特殊疑問句(wh-) What did…+ 動詞原形…? What did you do last night?
(4)詞過去式的變化：
規(guī)則動詞的變化：
一般動詞 +ed planted,watered,climbed
以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾 +d liked
輔音字母加y結(jié)尾 -y+ ied study—studied, cry- cried
重讀閉音節(jié)單詞，末尾只有一個輔音字母 雙寫最后一個字母+ed stop –stopped
plan - planned
不規(guī)則動詞的變化：
原形 過去式 原形 過去式 原形 過去式 原形 過去式
sweep swept teach taught have had go went
keep kept think thought do did find found
sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said
feel felt drink drank is/am was take took
read read give gave are were mean meant
put put sing sang drive drove meet met
cut cut begin began speak spoke make made
let let ring rang write wrote see saw
fly flew run ran ride rode come came
draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told
grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew
4.一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來打算做的事或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事情。常常與tomorrow, next Sunday等時間狀語連用。
結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to +動詞原形或will +動詞原形
例如：I’m going to visit my grandpa next week.
二、人稱代詞
主格 I we you he she it they
賓格 me us you him her it them
形容詞性物主代詞 my our your his her its their
名詞性物主代詞 mine ours yours his hers its theris
(注：介詞，動詞后面跟賓格。后面沒有名詞時用名詞性物主代詞。)
三、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
1.一般名詞： + s a book –books
2.輔音字母加y結(jié)尾： - y+ ies a story—stories
3.以s, x，sh, ch ，結(jié)尾： + es a glass—glasses;a watch-watches
4.以f或fe結(jié)尾： - f 或fe 變?yōu)?ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
5.特殊的名詞復(fù)數(shù)
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
四、不可數(shù)名詞(沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式)
bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee
五、縮略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is /he has(got)
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not didn’t=did not weren’t=were not wasn’t=was not let’s=let us I’ll=I will
六、a. an .the的用法
1.單詞的第一讀音是輔音讀音：a book, a peach， a “U”
單詞的第一個讀音是元音讀音：an egg， an hour， an “F”
2.the要注意的：球類前面不加the，樂器前面要加the，序數(shù)詞前面要加the。
七、介詞
1.表示方位：on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under
2.表示時間：
(1)at : 幾點(diǎn)前面用at如：at six o’clock, 沒有day的節(jié)日前用at如 ：at Christmas, 固定詞組 at the weekends ，at night
(2)on: 星期前用on 如：on Monday ，日期前用on 如：on the 15th of July 帶有Day的節(jié)日前用on 如： on National Day
(3)in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用in：in the morning ，in the afternoon ，in the evening ，月份前用in ，如in December ，季節(jié)前用in ，如 winter
八、基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞的方法
1. 直接在基數(shù)詞詞尾加上th。如：seventh第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第十三， 2.以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞，變y為i，再加上eth。如：twentieth 第二十。
3.不規(guī)則的。如：first 第一, second 第二， third 第三，fifth 第五， eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二。
4.有兩個或以上單詞組成的基數(shù)詞只改最后一個單詞如twenty-first 第二十一。
九、some /any的用法
1.肯定句中用some：I have some toys in my bedroom.
2.問句和否定句中用ang：Do you have any brothers or sisters?
He hasn’t got any pencils in his pencil-case.
3.詢問想要什么時用some：Would you like some juice?
Can I have some stamps?
十、 there be結(jié)構(gòu)
1.肯定句(有…)： There is +單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞
There are +復(fù)數(shù)
注：遵循就近原則，看靠there be最近的
2.一般疑問句(有…嗎?):Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
3.否定句(沒有)： There isn’t …. There aren’t….
4.there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別：there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。
十一、祈使句
Sit down please
Don’t sit down, please.
Let’s go to the park.
(注：祈使句中動詞用原形)
十二、(情態(tài))動詞can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用動詞原形。
1. I / He / She / They can sing. May I come in? I must go now.
2. You should be quiet in the library.
3. You’ll be good friends.
十三、形容詞和副詞的比較級
一、形容詞的比較級
1、兩個事物或人的比較用比較級，比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a little 來修飾表示程度。。
2.形容詞加er的規(guī)則：
⑴一般在詞尾加er ;
?、埔宰帜竐 結(jié)尾，加r ;
?、且砸粋€元音字母和一個輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加er ;
⑷以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先把y變i，再加er 。
3.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級：
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
二、副詞的比較級
1.形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形，有形用be;有動用副，有副用動)
?、旁诰渥又行稳菰~一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后
?、聘痹~在句子中最常見的是處于實(shí)義動詞之后
2.副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同 (不規(guī)則變化：well-better, far-farther)
十四、特殊疑問句
What
(問什么事,什么物或什么工作) What are you doing? I’m reading.
What is that? It’s a book.
What is she?(What’s her job?) She’s a nurse.
What colour(問顏色) What colour is your coat?It’s red.
What time(時間) What time is it?
What’s the time? It’s seven.
when
(什么時候) When do you get up? I get up at six thirty.
When is your birthday? It’s on the 21st of December.
Which(哪一個) Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one? The yellow is mine.
Who(誰) Who is the man with a big nose? He’s my uncle.
Whose(誰的) Whose bag is it?
Whose is this bag? It’s his bag.
Where(哪里) Where is my ball pen? It’s under the book.
Why(為什么) Why do you like summer? I like summer because…
How many (多少) How many books are there in the school bag? There are four books in the school bag.
How old (幾歲) How old is the young man? He’s nineteen.
How much(多少錢) How much is the toy bear? It’s eleven yuan.
How (怎么樣) How do you go to school everyday? I go to school by car.
小學(xué)英語句型復(fù)習(xí)大匯總(62個常用句型)
句型1：There+be +主語+地點(diǎn)狀語/ 時間狀語
There’s a boat in the river. 河里有條船。
句型2：What’s wrong with+sb. / sth. ?
What’s wrong with your watch?你的手表有什么毛病?
句型3：How do you like...?
How do you like China?你覺得中國怎么樣?
句型4：What do you like about...?
What do you like about China?你喜歡中國的什么?
句型5：had better(not)+動詞原形
You’d better ask that policeman over there. 你最好去問問那邊的那個警察。
句型6：How+adj. / adv. +主語+謂語!
What a/ an+adj. +n. +主語+謂語!
How cold it is today !今天多冷啊!
What a fine picture it is!多美的一幅圖畫呀!
句型7：Thank+sb. +for(doing)sth.
Thank you for coming to see me. 感謝你來看我。
句型8：So+be/ 情態(tài)動詞/ 助動詞+主語
He is a student. So am I. 他是一個學(xué)生，我也是。
句型9：... not ... until ...
He didn’t have supper until his parents came back. 直到他的父母回來他才吃飯。
句型10：比較級+and+比較級
The baby cried harder and harder. 那孩子哭得越來越厲害。
句型11：the +比較級，the +比較級
The more one has，the more one wants. 越有越貪。
句型12：... as +adj./ adv.+as ...
…not as(so) +adj. / adv. +as ...
Do you think that art is as important as music?你認(rèn)為藝術(shù)和音樂一樣重要嗎?
Last Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today. 上個星期天的天氣不如今天的天氣潮濕。
句型13：more/ less +adj.+than...
I think art is less important than music. 我認(rèn)為藝術(shù)不如音樂重要。
句型14：stop…from doing sth.
The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 綠色長城將阻擋風(fēng)吹走土壤。
句型15：both ... and ...
Both you and I are students. 我和你都是學(xué)生。
句型16：either ... or...
Either you or he is wrong . 不是你錯就是他錯。
句型17：neither ... nor ...
Neither he nor I am a student. 我和他都不是學(xué)生。
句型18：... as soon as ...
As soon as I see him，I’ll give him the message. 我一見到他，我就把你的消息告訴他。
句型19：... so+adj. / adv.+that ...
I was so tired that I didn’t want to speak. 我累得連話也不想說了。
句型20：Though...+主句
Though I like writing to my pen-friend，it takes a lot of time. 雖然我喜歡給筆友寫信，但它要耗費(fèi)我大量時間。
句型21：be going to
This afternoon I’m going to buy a Qisu English book. 今天下午我要去買本奇速英語書。
句型22：be different from
I think this is different from Chinese names. 我認(rèn)為這與漢語名字不同。
句型23：Welcome(back)to...
Welcome back to school!歡迎回到學(xué)校!
句型24：have fun doing
We’re going to have fun learning and speaking English this term. 這學(xué)期我們將興味盎然地學(xué)習(xí)和講英語。
句型25：... because ... / ...，so ...
I don’t know all your names because this is our first lesson. 因?yàn)檫@是我們的第一節(jié)課，所以我并不知道你們所有人的名字。
句型26：Why don’t you ... / Why not ...
Why don’t you come to school a little earlier?為什么不早點(diǎn)到校呢?
句型27：make it
Let’s make it half past nine. 讓我們定在九點(diǎn)半吧!
句型28：have nothing to do
They have nothing to do every day. 他們每天無所事事。
句型29：be sure/ be sure of/ about sth. / be sure to do sb.
I think so, but I’m not sure. 我想是這樣，但不敢確定。
I was not sure of / about the way，so I asked someone. 我對于怎么走沒有把握，所以我問別人了。
句型30：between ... and ...
There is a shop between the hospital and the school. 在那家醫(yī)院和那所學(xué)校之間有一家商店。
句型31：keep sb. / sth. +adj./ V-ing/ 介詞補(bǔ)語/ adv.
You must keep your classroom clean. 你們必須保持教室干凈。
Sorry to have kept you waiting. 對不起，讓你久等。
Can you keep him in the room ?你能讓他在這個房里嗎?
Keep them here. 讓他們在這兒呆著。
句型32：find +賓語+賓補(bǔ)
He finds it very hard to travel around the big city . 他發(fā)現(xiàn)要環(huán)游這個大城市是很難的。
句型33：... not ... anymore/ longer
The old man doesn’t travel any more. 這位老人不再旅行了。
He isn’t a thief any longer. 他不再是個賊。
句型34：What’s the weather like...?
What’s the weather like in spring in your hometown ?在你們家鄉(xiāng)春天天氣怎么樣?
句型35：There is no time to do/ have no time to do
There was no time to think. 沒有時間思考。
I have no time to go home for lunch. 我沒有時間回家吃午飯。
句型36：Help oneself to...
Help yourself to some fish. 吃魚吧!
句型37：used to do
I used to read this kind of story books. 我過去常讀這種故事書。
句型38：borrow ... from
I borrowed a Qisu English book from him. 我從他那借了一本奇速英語書。
句型39：lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to sb.
He lent me a story book / He lent a story book to me. 他借了本故事書給我。
句型40：have been to
Have you ever been to Haw aii?你曾去過夏威夷嗎?
句型41：have gone to
Where’s he?He’s gone to Washington. 他在哪兒?他去華盛頓了。
句型42：be famous for
Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches. 夏威夷以它美麗的海灘而出名。
句型43：No matter +疑問句+主句
No matter when you come，you are welcomed. 無論你們什么時候來，都受歡迎。
句型44：be afraid(of / todo / that...)
I’m afraid not. 恐怕不能。
Don’t be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English. 當(dāng)說英語時不要害怕犯錯誤。
句型45：... as ... as possible / ... as ... as sb can
I hope to see him as soon as possible. 我希望能盡快見到他。
He ran here as fast as he could. 他盡最大努力跑到這兒。
句型46：practise / enjoy / finish doing
A young man practised speaking English with Mr Green. 一個年青人和格林先生練習(xí)說英語。
Tom enjoys playing football very much. 湯姆很喜歡踢足球。
He finished reading the story book. 他看完了那本故事書。
句型47：It’s said that ...
It’s said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark. 據(jù)說最危險(xiǎn)的鯊魚之一是大白鯊。
句型48：Not all / everyone ...
Not all sharks are alike. 并不是所有的鯊魚都一樣。
Not everyone likes dumplings. 并不是每個人都喜歡餃子。
句型49：be based on
His argument is based on facts. 他的論斷是以事實(shí)為根據(jù)的。
句型50：... so that ...
Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight. 把樹放入洞穴中，讓它立直。
句型51：be+num. +metres / kilometres / years...+long / wide / deep / high / old...
The Great Green Wall is 7，000 kilometres long. 綠色長城長7000公里。
The river is about 2 metres deep. 這條河大約有2米深。
The boy is about 12 years old . 這個男孩約12歲。
句型52：keep ... from doing
The heavy rain kept us from starting out. 大雨阻止了我們出發(fā)。
句型53：with one’s help...
With Tom’s help，I’ve come to America to study further. 在湯姆的幫助下，我來美國深造。
句型54：I don’t think ...
I don’t think any of them is interesting. 我認(rèn)為他們中任何一個都無趣。
句型55：What’s the population of ...?
What’s the population of Germany ?德國的人口有多少?
句型56：prefer to do … rather than do
They prefer to buy a new one rather than repair it. 他們更喜歡買一輛新車，而不愿去修理它。
句型57：be worth (doing) …
This book is worth reading. 這本書值得讀。
句型58：regard … as
They regarded their pets as members of their families. 他們把寵物視為家庭成員。
句型59：be confident of
I’m confident of success. 我確信會成功。
句型60：seem to do / seem +adj. / (介詞短語)
He seems to be angry. 他似乎生氣了。
The house seems too noisy. 這房子似乎太吵了。
句型61：be angry with / about / at(doing)
We’re all very angry with ourselves. 我們都很生自己的氣。
I was angry about his decision to build a factory here. 我很生氣他決定把工廠建在這兒。
I was angry at being kept waiting. 這樣一直等我很生氣。
句型62：pay for / pay … for
He paid for the book and went away. 他付完書款便離開了。
I paid him ￡200 for the painting. 買這幅畫我付了他200英鎊。