英語語法里系動詞分類解析
學習啦:系動詞,也稱聯(lián)系動詞(Linking Verb),是用來輔助主語的動詞。它本身有詞義,但不能單獨用作謂語,下面我們一起看看這篇《英語語法里系動詞分類解析》。
根據(jù)用法上的差異,系動詞可分為兩種:純系動詞(狀態(tài)系動詞)和半系動詞。
純系動詞只有一個be。
其他系動詞都是半系動詞,半系動詞實際是由實義動詞變化而來的。根據(jù)表達的意思歸類,半系動詞主要有以下五種:
1)持續(xù)系動詞
用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep,rest, remain, stay, lay, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個謎。
2)表像系動詞
用來表示"看起來像"這一概念,主要有seem, appear,look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起來很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心。
3)感官系動詞
感官系動詞主要有feel, smell,sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
這種布手感很軟。
This flower smells very sweet.
這朵花聞起來很香。
4)變化系動詞
這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣,變化系動詞主要有become,grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如:
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他瘋了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長時間就富了。
5)終止系動詞
表示主語已終止動作,主要有prove, turnout, 表達"證實","變成"之意,例如:
The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查證實很難。
His plan turned out a success. 他的計劃終于成功了。(turn out表終止性結果)
純系動詞沒什么好說的,關于半系動詞和純系動詞的用法差異主要有以下兩點:
1、 半系動詞在疑問和否定句中享受實義動詞的待遇,從這點來看,半系動詞更像實義動詞。
2、某些半系動詞可以接類似于名詞的不定式短語,讓它看起來也更像實義動詞。
那些既可以是半系動詞,又可以是實義動詞的詞如何區(qū)分?
主要是看動詞后面的單詞的詞性,如果是形容詞,說明前面的動詞是半系動詞;如果是名詞,說明前面的動詞大多都是實義動詞,也有屬于半系動詞的情況,比如look或become等。要是還判斷不準可以用be替換這個動詞,如果句子正確,則說明這個動詞是半系動詞,反之則說明這個動詞是實義動詞。
下面有十組句子,我們來判斷一下,哪個是半系動詞,哪個是實義動詞。
(1) A. Please look at the blackboard.請看黑板。
B. He looked a perfect fool.他看上去是個十足的神經(jīng)病
(2) A.Turn to Page 16.翻到 16頁。
B.He turned traitor to his country.他背叛了祖國。
(3)A.He felt it his duty to help others.
他認為幫助別人是自己的責任。
B.I felt very hungry after a long walk.
走了一段長路,我感到很餓。
(4) A. Get me some ink.給我一些墨水。
B.Our motherland is getting stronger and stronger.
我們國家變得越來越強大了。
(5)A.Such words do not become a scholar.
那樣的話不像出自學者之口。
B.Some of the fields became covered with water.
一些田地覆蓋著水。
(6)A.This black key on the piano won''t sound.
這鋼琴上的黑鍵按下去不響。
B. The story sounds interesting.
這故事聽起來很有趣。
(7)A.I am sure I smell gas.我肯定聞到了煤氣味。
B.The flowers smell sweet.花朵散發(fā)芳香。
(8)A.He was too weak to stand.他太虛弱,不能站立。
B.Holding the note in his hand,he stood there dumbfounded.
他拿著鈔票,站在那里,目瞪口呆。
(9)A.He goes to school early every morning.
他每天早上很早上學。
B. They went mad.他們發(fā)狂了。
(10)A. I remained 3 weeks in Paris.
我在巴黎逗留了三周。
B.He never remained satisfied with his success.
他從不滿足于自己的成績。
分析以上10組句子我們不難看出B組動詞均為連系動詞,因為如果我們把動詞 be(是)的適當形式替代這些動詞,句子能夠成立,后面的成分即是表語。
(1)He was a perfect fool.
(2)He was a traitor to his country.
(3)I was very hungry after a long walk.
(4)Our motherland is stronger and stronger.
(5)Some of the land was covered with water.
(6)The story is interesting.
(7)The flowers are sweet.
(8)Holding the note in his hand,he was there dumbfounded.
(9)They were mad.
(10)He was never satisfied with his success.
反之,如果把 be(是)動詞的適當形式替代A組動詞,句子則不能成立,無法解釋,A組動詞均不為連系動詞:
*(l)Please be at theblackboard.
*(2)Be to Page l6.
*(3)He was if his duty tohelp others.
*(4)Be me some ink.
*(5)Such words are not ascholar.
*(6)The black key on thepiano won''t be.
*(7)I am sure I am gas.
*(8)He was too weak to be.
*(9)He is to school earlyevery morning.
*(10)I was 3 weeks in Paris.
總之一句話,半系動詞更像實義動詞。這是系動詞的總體分類,實際上系動詞的使用還有很多特殊情況,但也跑不出以上所敘述的總體區(qū)別。先掌握總體,再研究細節(jié),才不會讓我們亂了陣腳。
公眾號:英語語法教程
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