按雅思口語題目類型怎么備考雅思口語？
按雅思口語題目類型怎么備考雅思口語？
雅思口語題目類型大致可以分為人物類、地點類、事件類及物品類話題。不同話題的備考思路和重點不同，按照雅思口語題目類型備考更適合在雅思備考初期的考生，同類別的雅思口語話題備考思路相同，考生們可以熟練掌握。
一、雅思口語題目類型：地點類
地點類雅思高頻口語話題：Part 2話題除了題目例如describe a tall building in your hometown / describe a cafe which you have been to之外，每個題目下面都會有四個小問去幫大家圍繞這個話題拓展思路。那么從對這幾個小問的總結(jié)中不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，地點類話題通常都可以通過下面這些方面去展開。
前兩個小問比較高頻的問題例如where/ when/ who/ how often此類的背景信息。 第三個小問高頻問題是這個地方可以做的activity或者decoration。最后一個問題通常讓考生去描述對這個地方的feelings或者解釋為什么會有這樣的feelings。
有序展開背景
在總結(jié)完高頻的問題之后，我們可以通過頭腦風(fēng)暴brainstorm 的方式，把這些小問再細化。
例如問到where is this place，除了說這個地方的location還可以延伸一下transport，surrounding, history, popularity。這里提及到的各個方面信息，是地點類話題的一個共性，我們可以融會貫通在不同的地點類話題中，
例如：涉及l(fā)ocation 跟transport, 用本季度的Describe a cafe you have been to為例。The cafe is in an easily accessible location in my city . It’s only ten-minute walk from my apartment , so i like to go there in my spare time. 那么把主語cafe 換成本季度的 quiet place / important sport stadium / a tall building / a garden都可以隨時靈活上線。
除此之外，還可以補充的細節(jié)包括： history , 大家不用想的那么困難，如果是大的地方像城市，國家，可以提及，it has profound history about ... years. 如果是小的地點像 building , sport stadium, cafe 這些就可以說什么時候建成或者開張。Like，it was built originally for ... back into ...2015. 此外還可以說一下這個地點的popularity。在第一第二個涉及到背景信息的問題when/ who/ how often，可以再延伸when you would like to go/ how often do you go there/ who you would like to go there with / why you would like to go with this person/ 那這樣一補充，地點類話題的背景描述一般正常語速的同學(xué)大概能說個二三十秒了。(有的同學(xué)特別老實，就僅僅只按照問題上面的內(nèi)容，問一個答一個，會很局限。以上的拓展在地點類話題都是融匯貫通，可以信手拈來的用上。)
豐富描述主體
那么到第三第四個小問的展開，這兩個小問在總結(jié)的時候以及談到，多數(shù)涉及此地點的activity , decoration跟feelings的描述。在地點類話題中，這些小問都可以通過"五覺法"去豐富的展開。"五覺"顧名思義從五種感官去描述，包括eyes, ears, nose,mouth, mind。對于decoration的展開可以從到eyes去描述，這個地方能看到怎樣的形態(tài)以及布置。例如：游泳勝地： 看到crystal blue sea ; pure sky , 高樓看到the building looks like a slim waist from distance. 體育館：The stadium is shaped like a dome and it’s wrapped by a bunch of glass-walls. 咖啡館：when you walk in the cafe, you will see there are many artistic pictures hanging on the wall which are so eye-catching.
梳理清晰框架
很多同學(xué)會有一個錯覺，就是我只要keep talking就覺得萬事大吉了，但其實不然，如果說的沒有什么條理性，各種堆砌，也并不能從考官那拿到理想的分數(shù)。這個時候回答的框架就尤為重要。尤其是地點類話題當(dāng)你想要去描述他的appearance / feature/decoration .以及活動activity，我們記住一個框架，就是，
總起 + 分述 + 亮點
總起就是用一句概括這個地方的總體特征，例如描述有趣的房子
what it is looks like : the house is really amazing / the design of this house is pretty eye-catching . The courtyard of his house is like a wonderland.
分述： 就是羅列一下具體都有些什么特征：
a princess-like swing / a mini size slider , a small pond with some fishes
亮點： It’s really amazing that / you know what surprises me most is that ... She plants some flowers in the yard according to the seasons. So whenever you step in the yard, with a gentle breeze you can smell the fresh fragrance from the flowers , how nice is it!
二、雅思口語題目類型：物品類
雅思關(guān)于物品類話題有一個明顯的特征就是題目繁多，其中分為兩大類：實體類話題和媒體類話題，其中實體類話題包括：
A statue or work of art
An antique or old thing in your family
A piece of clothes you wore in formal / special occasions
A product that is made in China (a car, handicraft or food)
媒體類話題包括了：
TV program / film that made you laugh
An advertisement which makes you want to buy something
A useful website you like to visit
Describe a movie / film you dislike
物品類話題的弊端就是同類話題很難總結(jié)一起，不太具有歸類的特點。這點不像人物類，或者地點類。我們同學(xué)大致準(zhǔn)備幾個話題就能套用。所以一般大家認為物品類話題通常需要各個擊破。
但是，事實也許并非如此!也許我們可以把不可能變成可能，通過話題劇情編排合并，以及成功的邏輯手法，可以把物品類話題互相合并、抵消;不僅如此，還要把它同雅思口語第一部分話題、人物類話題、地點類話題以及事件類話題全部合并到一起。
真正做到雅思口語大串聯(lián)，原來雅思口語可以這么玩!
基本描繪邏輯：
我們將引入兩種最常用的議論手法：歸納法和演繹法來分析物品類話題。
1.歸納法：指的是從許多個別事例中獲得一個較具概括性的規(guī)則。這種方法主要是從收集到的既有資料，加以抽絲剝繭地分析，最后得以做出一個概括性的結(jié)論。
2.演繹法：是從既有的普遍性結(jié)論或一般性事理，推導(dǎo)出個別性結(jié)論的一種方法。由較大范圍，逐步縮小到所需的特定范圍。
另外我們今天需要把話題分為兩類：橫向合并和縱向合并。
橫向合并指：將各類物品類話題中劇情描繪的共同特征，互相串用。
縱向合并指代：將雅思口語第一部分中的同類話題、人物類話題、地點類話題和事件類話題，按照它們的劇情共性，并入物品類相應(yīng)話題中。好了，讓我們一起來見證奇跡!
歸納法話題舉例
我們先找一道物品類話題中的題目，比如“An advertisement which makes you want to buy something”。廣告題一直以來都是重點考題，已經(jīng)連續(xù)不間斷考了多年，可是大家準(zhǔn)備過程中仍然覺得很頭疼，準(zhǔn)備什么呢!怎么準(zhǔn)備呢!怎么拿高分!首先我們需要先explain題目中keyword:advertisement。
“A notice, such as a poster, newspaper display, or paid announcement in the electronic media, designed to attract public attention or patronage.”(美國現(xiàn)代詞典)
從概念得知，廣告不只是商人們在電視上推銷自己產(chǎn)品的媒體宣傳- 消費者廣告 .現(xiàn)代廣告種類繁多，廣告分類的方法也很多。以廣告主是否為營利組織為廣告分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，廣告一般可分為商業(yè)廣告(Commercial Advertising)和非商業(yè)廣告( uncommercial Advertising)。其中，非商業(yè)廣告通常是宗教組織、慈善組織、政府部門、社會團體等非營利性組織的廣告。所以很少同學(xué)想到說后者。
另外，以廣告發(fā)布的媒介為廣告分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，廣告可以分為電視廣告(Television Advertising )、報紙廣告(Newspaper Advertising)、雜志廣告(Magazine Advertising )、戶外廣告(Outside Advertising )、電影廣告(Cinema Advertising )、網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告 (Internet Advertising )等等。其中諸如網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告-banner(包括：網(wǎng)幅廣告, 旗幟廣告, 橫幅廣告)是非常新穎的，在準(zhǔn)備中，除描寫廣告內(nèi)容本身，更可以重點分析這種廣告，對社會，對特定受眾帶來什么影響等。
好了，剛才的我們brainstorm了廣告這個keyword后，現(xiàn)在我們可以進行串聯(lián)了。我挑了物品類話題中的另一題來串聯(lián)：“A piece of clothes you wore in formal / special occasions”。
從上表中我們看出，我們把衣服類話題和廣告類話題按照兩種共同的特性，可以分為客觀因素(objective factors)和主觀因素(subjective factors)。
再一次進行brainstorming, 可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，購買衣服的原因同樣適合放在一則有影響力的廣告描繪中。我為大家列出了客觀因素共性一行，以下是類似英語表達：
The designer mix both traditions and modern trends to suit women's expectations.
T-shirts are typically made of cotton or polyester fibers, knitted together in a jersey stitch that gives a T-shirt its distinctive soft texture.
They are now a very popular form of casual dress around the world.
The short black dress accentuated her slimness.
好了，我們再同理討論主觀因素，主觀因素描寫既可以寫成理由排列，也可以寫成劇情，從表格中所見，我羅列了各種理由，下面我們開始鋪劇情：
My mother bought it for me as a birthday gift. I was very busy with my studies last winter and I forgot that my birthday was coming....(clothes)
In the advertisement, Miss Zhang bought this chic dress to her mother as a birthday present. Her mother was too busy to remember her own birthday....(advertisement plot)
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，劇情稍作改編，兩個話題就可以通用了。好了，同學(xué)們一起仿照我表格里的方法，把其他實物類話題如：Photograph，Gift，Something expensive you bought和advertisement歸納到一起吧!
如果advertisement話題可以同實體類物品話題組合，那它是不是也可以和其他同類媒體話題組合呢?這一次，我挑選了“A movie you would like towatch (about a real person or event)”。本文一開始對廣告的explain中，我已經(jīng)解釋了有一種廣告叫做：電影宣傳片或電影宣傳廣告。
接著，我們選一部電影：Will Smith和他兒子主演的“當(dāng)幸福來敲門”,先用英語寫出電影的開場描繪(客觀描繪部分)：
As far as this topic is concerned, I guess, I would like to describe“Pursuit of happiness”; I watched it a few years ago with a couple of friends in the cinema. As it is acted by the famous academy award winner actor and singer in Hollywood“Will Smith”....
好了，從下面我們開始改編電影宣傳廣告開場描繪(客觀描繪部分)：
In terms of this topic, I suppose, I would like to describe the Cinema Advertising of the movie “Pursuit of happiness”; I watched it a few years ago at home. As it is acted by the famous academy award winner actor and singer in Hollywood “Will Smith”....
是不是一石二鳥!接著，我們看看兩個題目主觀因素的描述部分(對我的影響力):
I still remember a classic line (經(jīng)典句型)，Chris Gardner told his son;“People can’t do something by themselves; they wanna (want to 的連音) tell you that you can’t do it, don’t ever let somebody tell you that you can’t do something, not even me.” I guess this was the sentence that gave me courage. And , now here I am, taking the IELTS test, planning to go abroad and receive higher education.(電影對我的影響力)
立刻改編成廣告類話題：
A classic line (經(jīng)典句型) at the end of the advertisement bumps into my ears，Chris Gardner told his son;“People can’t do something by themselves; they wanna (want to 的連音) tell you that you can’t do it, don’tever let somebody tell you that you can’t do something, not even me.”I remembered that this was a sentence that aroused my interests to watch the movie later on. And , its parks me to study harder! now here I am, taking the IELTS test, planning to go abroad and receive higher education.(看了宣傳廣告后對我的影響)
此外，想拿高分的同學(xué)還可以補充更多內(nèi)容，從電影宣傳廣告的好處brainstorm, 比如:
It is an efficient way for movie buffs to quickly scan all the movies and sort out those they want to watch.(從電影迷入手)
It is very convenient to publicize on all sorts of media no matter through the Internet，the poster or on TV (從電影商入手)
三、雅思口語題目類型：人物類
人物類話題很常見，一般人物類話題有這些問法：
常見問題一：你要描述的人是誰?
Who this friend is?/Who he or she is?/Who this person is?/Who the character was?/Who these two people are?
這個問題是幾乎所有人物類話題的第一問，屬于必答題?；卮疬@一問題的時候，我們不但需要告訴考官這個人是誰(這是最基本的)，而且要對所描述的他/她進行一些修飾，要讓考官在沒有見過這個人的情況下能夠閉上眼仿佛看到這個人就正站在身旁一樣。
評書中所說的“此人眉分八彩，目若朗星，準(zhǔn)頭端正，齒白唇紅”起的就是這一作用。比如我們來一起看看下面這段對人的描述：
He is well over six feet tall，has this long straggly brown hair. He has a perpetual look of bemusement on his face，full-sleeve tattoos on both arms，and always wears some variation of a sleeveless leather vest，holey blue jeans tucked into his beat-up cowboy boots，and a cigarette between his lips at all times.
他身高六尺有余，頭上散著棕色的頭發(fā)。他的眼神既憂郁又總帶有困惑。雙臂從上到下布滿了紋身。他總是身著各種無袖皮坎肩，把滿是破洞的藍色牛仔褲褲腿扎進那幾雙破舊的牛仔靴里，而且嘴里無時無刻的不叼著根煙。
如果我們作答的時候可以說出以上的描述，考官想不給你高分都不可能。
因為在他們腦海中可以清晰的浮現(xiàn)出這個人的形象，他好像正在向考官們走來，嘴里吐著煙圈，馬上要說“How are you doing， man?”了。所以，如果我們想讓自己的作答能夠使考官眼前一亮、記憶深刻，我們就要抓住細節(jié)來充分描述，比如說這個人身上比較有特點的地方：發(fā)型、體態(tài)、眼神、穿著等等。
這些細節(jié)的描述遠比那種范范的諸如“He‘s quite tall and strong with long hair on his head.”要生動的多，所得的分數(shù)自然也就相距甚遠了。
常見問題二：你是怎么遇到這個人的?
How you first met this person?/How you know this person?/How you know him/her?/How you know about this person?
如果各位烤鴨對人物類的機經(jīng)很熟悉的話，就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這是另外一道在該類話題中出現(xiàn)的高頻題?；卮鹪擃}時，要讓考官有一種是 “當(dāng)事人”感覺。
所以我們要把當(dāng)時第一次見到所描述對象的場景詳細的講述給考官，細節(jié)的描述不但可以增加故事的真實性，而且還能讓考官感覺到我們對所描述對象的重視。比如：
I first met him on the basketball court in a hot and sunny afternoon when I was sitting somewhere around the stand. He came up with me to check whether I would like to join his team. He then left me a deep impression by his firm look and tough temperament.
我第一遇到他是一個大晴天的下午，當(dāng)時我正坐在籃球架子旁。他過來問我想不想加入他們隊來一起玩。他有著堅定的面容和堅強氣質(zhì)，這都給我留下了深刻的印象。
聽完以上的描述，考官會變成注視著這一切發(fā)生的人，他沒有忽略任何細節(jié)。但如果我們把作答變成：I met him in my school and he gave me a very deep impression.那么考官會聽了以后感覺會很模糊，或者感覺千篇一律，那么想得好成績也就不可能了。
常見問題三：你對這個人的感覺是什么?
How you feel about him/her?
對機經(jīng)比較熟悉的烤鴨會知道這種問題出現(xiàn)在人物類話題卡的最后一問，也就是說，它是我們作答的重點和所占得分比很大的一道問題，所以毫無疑問我們要在這一題的回答中盡可能的多說一些話。
對這個人的感覺，我們可以從一個人的興趣愛好、特長、才能、品行以及一切特征來進行細節(jié)的描述。比如：
Writing creativity is his best quality. He doesn’t try to exert his will in the music creative arena-he leaves that to me-he just does what he does best： thinking and writing lyrics; that is his forte. Because of this advantage， he becomes the source to represent us and all the words he makes can act as inspiration to every listener.
And another interesting thing is that he is born a painter，and like painters historically do，he usually skips the class but to find himself somewhere around the shopping malls，sitting there for the whole afternoon to have a satisfying picture.
考官在聽完這種描述后，即使不認識描述對象，也會對他藝術(shù)方面的才華稱贊不已。相比之下，“I think he is a man who likes writing and he can write a lot of words. Moreover， he likes painting and he usually goes to shopping malls to paint.”這種描述會讓考官覺得所描述對象的才華一般，沒有什么突出的，這只讓考官知道了所描述對象的兩個愛好而已。
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