托福寫作：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型在托福寫作中的應(yīng)用
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是英語(yǔ)中的一種特殊句型，如果同學(xué)們?cè)谕懈＊?dú)立寫作中，適當(dāng)運(yùn)用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，可以起到非常好的提升句子的作用。
托福寫作：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型在托福寫作中的應(yīng)用
我們先來復(fù)習(xí)一下，托福寫作強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基礎(chǔ)形式為：
It is / was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的某個(gè)句子成分+ that / who + 句子
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以用來強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中除了謂語(yǔ)之外的成分，起到比較明顯的加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用，比如：
I went to the Palace Museum in 1997.
這個(gè)句子如果強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間，就可以變?yōu)椋?/p>
It was in 1997 that I went to the Palace Museum.
如果直接運(yùn)用，句子也沒有顯得特別出彩，如果同學(xué)們可以用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和其它從句一起使用，就會(huì)起來比較好提升作用：
比如我們探討“人口老齡化”的問題，想表達(dá)“老齡化日益嚴(yán)重的問題讓全球的政府都很擔(dān)擾”，可以寫為：
It is the fact that the population aging problem is getting more and more prevalent that makes all the governments concern all over the world.
上面句子里面的the population aging problem is getting more and more prevalent是fact的同位語(yǔ)從句。
另外，再推薦同學(xué)們一個(gè)托福寫作句式：
It is not… but… that really counts
當(dāng)我們?cè)讵?dú)立寫作中，想表達(dá)“矛盾雙方取其一更為重要的時(shí)候，就可以套用這個(gè)句型，比如我們探討讀書應(yīng)該read extensively 還是read intensively的時(shí)候，可以用到這樣的表達(dá)：
It is not how many books we read but how much we understand from the books that really counts.
今天和大家的分享就到這里，請(qǐng)大家思考下，下面的句子該怎么表達(dá)：
1.出門旅行的時(shí)候，不是自由，而是安全，才真正的重要。
2.談到吃飯的問題，不是味道好，而且干凈，才真正的重要。
托福獨(dú)立寫作十大經(jīng)典句型
第一、定語(yǔ)從句
這應(yīng)該算是寫作中最常用的一種句型之一。適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句可以給你的文章增色不少。
例如，下面的這兩個(gè)句子用上定語(yǔ)從句馬上就變成了一個(gè)漂亮的復(fù)雜句。
Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex. source:veduchina
→ Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.
第二、狀語(yǔ)從句
在寫作當(dāng)中運(yùn)用的最多的是以下五種狀語(yǔ)從句，即原因狀語(yǔ)從句，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，條件狀語(yǔ)從句，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和目的狀語(yǔ)從句。
1. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句：常由because, as, since和for引導(dǎo)
Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.
盡管如此，我還是贊成太空探險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗暮锰庍h(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于壞處。
2. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引導(dǎo)
Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
盡管這一觀點(diǎn)被廣泛接受，很少有證據(jù)表明教育能夠在任何地點(diǎn)、任何年齡進(jìn)行。
3. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句：常由if, on the condition that和providing that引導(dǎo)
Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. source:veduchina
假如你要取得成就或要實(shí)現(xiàn)你的雄心壯志，你必須努力工作、艱苦奮斗、準(zhǔn)備好條件。
4. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：常由when和while引導(dǎo)
Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
說到教育，大部分人認(rèn)為其是一個(gè)終生的學(xué)習(xí)。
5. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句: 常由so that和in order that引導(dǎo)
Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.
成千上萬的人們不得不花費(fèi)更多的精力和時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)新的技術(shù)和知識(shí)，使得他們?cè)诰蜆I(yè)市場(chǎng)能保持優(yōu)勢(shì)。
第三、賓語(yǔ)從句
Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.
一些人認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境污染負(fù)主要責(zé)任。
Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it. source:veduchina
許多專家指出這是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)發(fā)展必然的結(jié)果，無法避免。
第四、同位語(yǔ)從句
Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.環(huán)境污染變得越來越嚴(yán)重是不可否認(rèn)的事實(shí)。
Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
沒有人能否認(rèn)這一基本事實(shí)：對(duì)于一般工人來講，輕松掌握這些技術(shù)是不可能的。
第五、主語(yǔ)從句
Eg: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating.
值得注意的是農(nóng)村和城市的生態(tài)環(huán)境都在不斷惡化。
Eg: It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems in China or even the world as a whole. source:veduchina
眾所周知，環(huán)境污染問題是中國(guó)乃至世界面臨的最為嚴(yán)重的問題之一。
第六、強(qiáng)調(diào)句: It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容 + that
Eg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.
汽車和工廠排放大量的廢氣，使得環(huán)境被污染。
第七、倒裝句
Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be tackled.
只有政府采取適當(dāng)?shù)?a href='http://lpo831.com/fwn/cuoshi/' target='_blank'>措施，這個(gè)棘手的問題才能被解決。
第八、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.
人們應(yīng)竭盡全力來保護(hù)我們賴以生存的環(huán)境。
第九、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)：包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞
Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries. source:veduchina
旅游業(yè)是一個(gè)新興的行業(yè)，它成為經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要來源, 在很多東南亞國(guó)家起著尤為重要的作用。
Eg: To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately.
具體來說，政府應(yīng)該出臺(tái)相關(guān)法律法規(guī)對(duì)制造大量污染物的工廠及故意亂扔垃圾隨地吐痰的人進(jìn)行嚴(yán)懲。
第十、插入語(yǔ)
一種獨(dú)立成分,與句子的其它成分一般沒有語(yǔ)法上的關(guān)系，大都是對(duì)一句話作一些附加說明或解釋。它通常由一個(gè)詞、一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子構(gòu)成，位置較為靈活，可置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)與句子隔開。
Eg: Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences.
電腦，我們生活中必不可少的一部分，給我們帶來了極大的方便。
Eg: College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.
大學(xué)生，沒有社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，容易上當(dāng)受騙。
托福寫作:教你"造句"
造句要做到準(zhǔn)確、多樣以及高分表達(dá)
I 準(zhǔn)確的句子表達(dá)
1. 句型分析
英語(yǔ)的句型包括以下幾種，簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句、并列句、并列復(fù)合句等。在新托福寫作中，一般使用復(fù)合句，輔以并列句和并列復(fù)合句，當(dāng)然肯定要有簡(jiǎn)單句，做到長(zhǎng)短句相結(jié)合。下面摘抄幾個(gè)句子給大家認(rèn)識(shí)并分析一下復(fù)合句和并列復(fù)合句。
a. Even though I usually know what I have to say, I cannot always express myself correctly in English.
這句話是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，由even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
b. This challenges me to practice my spoken English, with the result that I can complete the speaking tasks more fluently and quickly.
這句話中是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。with介詞結(jié)構(gòu)中，有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)result進(jìn)行解釋說明。
c. I think this is less than ideal because any differences in opinion become personal conflicts, and therefore that might jeopardize the employee’s job.
上句話是一個(gè)并列復(fù)雜句。and 連接了兩個(gè)句子，是一個(gè)并列句;because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
d. Shallow writing is indicative of weak critical-thinking skills, and such writing, which is often described as “sophomoric”, receives low mark.
這句話同樣是并列復(fù)雜句。由and連接兩個(gè)句子，成為并列句，再一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。
2. 有問題的句子的列舉
考生寫的句子容易出現(xiàn)三個(gè)問題：一是使用破碎句，二是使用接連句，三是句子連接不正確。
1). 破碎句
所謂破碎句，就是句子不完整，通常是沒有謂語(yǔ)(或者說謂語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，如分詞)，或者是從句單獨(dú)成句。
破碎句：She singing alone. (無謂語(yǔ)，singing是現(xiàn)在分詞)
正確句：She is singing alone.
破碎句：He did not come. Because he was sick. (從句單獨(dú)成句)
正確句：He did not come because he was sick.
2).接連句
所謂接連據(jù)，就是兩個(gè)句子直接連在一起，既未使用連詞，也未使用正確的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。
接連句: Professionals such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers they have greater freedom in planning their time.
正確句一: Professionals such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers. However, they have greater freedom in planning their time.
正確句二: Professionals such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers; however, they have greater freedom in planning their time.
3).句子連接不正確
所謂句子連接不正確，就是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子之間以逗號(hào)連接，這是不合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的。正確的做法是以連詞、分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、句號(hào)等連接兩個(gè)句子。
不正確句: Breaking chalk into two pieces is a physical change, there is no change in the composition of the chalk.
正確句： Breaking chalk into two pieces is a physical change, so there is no change in the composition of the chalk.
II 高分表達(dá)
除了在句式上長(zhǎng)短句相結(jié)合準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)外，朗閣海外考試研究中心建議新托?？忌褂靡恍┨厥獾木涫?，以使句型多樣化。句型多樣化也是作文得到高分的條件之一。除了我們之前經(jīng)常提到的高分句式，如倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、狀語(yǔ)前置、插入語(yǔ)等，筆者還提出另外一個(gè)句式的多樣變化，即主語(yǔ)多樣化。下面筆者將列舉幾個(gè)句子概括介紹前面四種句型，而重點(diǎn)分析主語(yǔ)多樣化。
正常句： Luck only works in extreme cases.
倒裝句： Only in extreme cases does luck work.(否定詞位于句首的倒裝。)
正常句： The internet provides people access to the latest information.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句： It is the internet that provides people access to the latest information. (強(qiáng)調(diào)the internet)
正常句： The environment has been deteriorating severely along with the development of industry.
狀語(yǔ)前置句： Along with the accelerating development of industry, the environment has been deteriorating severely.
正常句： However, new zoos try to duplicate animals’ natural habitats as much as possible and give animals a comfortable amount of space.
插入語(yǔ)： New zoos, however, try to duplicate animals’ natural habitats as much as possible and give animals a comfortable amount of space. (連詞however做插入語(yǔ))
主語(yǔ)多樣
1. 她突然想到了一個(gè)主意。
She suddenly had an idea.
通常情況下，考生會(huì)馬上對(duì)這句話進(jìn)行翻譯，基本不會(huì)動(dòng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)。但是以人作為主語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)句子總是不能夠很吸引人，所以這個(gè)句子如果稍微做下修改，以后面的賓語(yǔ)“主意”做主語(yǔ)，這個(gè)句子會(huì)發(fā)生一些變化。
An idea suddenly occurred to her.
2. 他開車心不在焉，幾乎闖禍。
He was absent-minded when driving, and almost caused an accident.
這句話依然是拿人做主語(yǔ)，稍微改一下，把心不在焉這個(gè)形容詞的名詞形式做主語(yǔ)，會(huì)大不相同。
His absence of mind during driving nearly caused an accident.
3. 美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)創(chuàng)立于1789年。
The United States of America was founded in 1789.
這句話沒有任何錯(cuò)誤，但是不夠多樣，可以用時(shí)間作主語(yǔ)。
The year 1789 witnessed the founding of the United States of America.
III 實(shí)用句型
在文章的最后，朗閣海外考試研究中心為大家列舉幾個(gè)新托?？荚囍锌梢允褂玫奶子镁湫?，為一些寫句子摸不著頭緒的考生提供幫助。
1. It pays to make great efforts to prepare for TOEFL-ibt.
努力準(zhǔn)備新托?？荚囀侵档玫?。
2. Nothing is more important than to receive education.
沒有比接受教育更重要的了。
3. The reason why the white-collars suffer increasing work-related stress is that they pursue work achievement in career.
白領(lǐng)壓力日益增加的原因是他們?cè)谑聵I(yè)上有所追求。
4. It is time the related department took proper measures.
(虛擬句式)相關(guān)部門早該采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧┝恕?/p>
如何提高托福寫作的能力
首先，夯實(shí)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)。
很對(duì)學(xué)生都會(huì)認(rèn)為，托福語(yǔ)法對(duì)于中國(guó)學(xué)生來說并不是件難事。中國(guó)英語(yǔ)的教學(xué)，從小講究準(zhǔn)確的語(yǔ)法。而且，托福寫作中也不要求太過奢華的語(yǔ)法表現(xiàn)，懂得主謂賓正常的構(gòu)句規(guī)則和強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句的運(yùn)用足以讓們完成一篇作文。但是，要提醒大家，對(duì)于語(yǔ)法的理解和實(shí)際運(yùn)用還是有一定區(qū)別的，怎么提高托福寫作能力?建議大家多去動(dòng)筆寫。寫完后，讓身邊的老師或是“托友”看看，找到每一個(gè)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)。
其次，增強(qiáng)文章條理性。
熟讀過一些典型托福范文的同學(xué)，都應(yīng)該了解，托福寫作很講求文章的邏輯嚴(yán)密性的。有人還甚至覺得他的結(jié)構(gòu)與八股文相比有過之而無不及，但是，小編建議大家不要輕視了這作文結(jié)構(gòu)。之前我們提到考查是否有能力用邏輯思維方法來表達(dá)自己對(duì)事物的想法和看法，實(shí)際上也就是在文章的結(jié)構(gòu)上得以表達(dá)。大家在練習(xí)作文時(shí)，往往會(huì)覺得如何準(zhǔn)確用詞會(huì)是練習(xí)的重點(diǎn)，會(huì)費(fèi)去練習(xí)的大量時(shí)間。其實(shí)，如何構(gòu)建一個(gè)嚴(yán)密的邏輯框架才是訓(xùn)練之重，需要被放在首位。
最后，注重語(yǔ)言的多樣性。
有了清晰的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，就像全文有了骨架，身下的工作就是怎樣為他充實(shí)。這也就是在托福寫作過程中語(yǔ)言的多樣性。怎么提高托福寫作能力?這就需要我們平時(shí)對(duì)于一些詞匯和句式的多加積累和不斷練習(xí)使用。畢竟，在托福寫作中，考官不想看到過于華麗高端的詞匯，而通順流程才是他們最希望能看的。
托福寫作：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型在托福寫作中的應(yīng)用相關(guān)文章：
1.如何形成自己的托福寫作風(fēng)格?學(xué)會(huì)句型的交替使用
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