托福閱讀評分標準:托福閱讀分數(shù)到底咋算
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托福閱讀評分標準:托福閱讀分數(shù)到底咋算
托福閱讀評分標準不知道大家了不了解，弄清楚托福閱讀是怎么算分的也有助于大家在答題時有清晰的認識，比如要舍棄一些題時，選擇哪一個才劃算。
新托福閱讀文章共有三篇,每篇有12-14道題,如果遇到加試，會從考試的五篇文章中隨機選取三篇計分。這三篇文章中所有回答正確的題目數(shù)量加起來就是你的閱讀總分。除重要觀點題和歸類題以外，每道題的分值都是1分，重要觀點題的分值可能是2分，歸類題為3或4分?？荚囁梅謹?shù)范圍:0-30分。
| 原始分數(shù) | 最終分數(shù) | 原始分數(shù) | 最終分數(shù) |
| 45 | 30 | 22 | 13 |
| 44 | 29 | 21 | 11 |
| 43 | 29 | 20 | 10 |
| 42 | 29 | 19 | 9 |
| 41 | 29 | 18 | 8 |
| 40 | 28 | 17 | 7 |
| 39 | 28 | 16 | 5 |
| 38 | 27 | 15 | 4 |
| 37 | 27 | 14 | 3 |
| 36 | 26 | 13 | 2 |
| 35 | 25 | 12 | 2 |
| 34 | 25 | 11 | 1 |
| 33 | 24 | 10 | 1 |
| 32 | 23 | 9 | 0 |
| 31 | 22 | 8 | 0 |
| 30 | 21 | 7 | 0 |
| 29 | 20 | 6 | 0 |
| 28 | 19 | 5 | 0 |
| 27 | 18 | 4 | 0 |
| 26 | 17 | 3 | 0 |
| 25 | 16 | 2 | 0 |
| 24 | 15 | 1 | 0 |
| 23 | 14 | 0 | 0 |
托福閱讀解答方案：表格題型
格題分為兩大類：總結表格題和對比表格題。
總結表格題
相對而言， 總結表格題的出現(xiàn)頻率要高于對比表格題，這是由它們自身特點，出題方式和原文是否具備對比對照關系這三方面的因素決定的。
1、題的出題模式有兩種：
一種是針對全文內容出題，答案由全文的主題，細節(jié)和重點支持段落的概述三部分組成。另外一種是針對文章中的重點支持性段落出題，答案由這些重點支持性段落主題，段落結論，以及重點支持性例子的概述三部分組成。這里我們重點看第一種出題模式。
我們來看一個例子，
The Atlantic Cod Fishery
Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island of Newfoundland in Canada south to new England in the United States, there is a series of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks, huge shoals on the edge of North American continental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the cold waters of Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other, they stir up mineral from the ocean floor, providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill, which feed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill. Groundfish, such as the Atlantic cod, live in the ocean’s bottom layer, congregating in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth.
Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland economy taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about was cod, and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous with cod. Newfoundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod.
By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St. John’s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin, rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants.
Until the twentieth century, fishers believed in the cod’s ability to replenish itself and thought that overfishing was impossible. However, Newfoundland’s cod fishery began to show signs of trouble during the 1930s, when cod failed to support the fishers and thousands were unemployed. The slump lasted for the next few decades. Then when an international agreement decided to build up the modern Grand Banks fleet and make fishing a viable economic base for Newfoundland again. All of Newfoundland’s seafood companies were merged into one conglomerate. By the 1980s, the conglomerate was prospering, and cod were commanding excellent prices in the market. Consequently, there was a significant increase in the number of fishers and fish—processing plant workers.
However, while the offshore fishery was prospering, the inshore fishermen found their catches dropping off. In 1992, the Canadian government responded by closing the Grand Banks to groundfishing. Newfoundland’s cod fishing and processing industries were shut down in a bid to let the vanishing stocks recover. The moratorium was extended in 1994, when all of the Atlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed, except for one in Nova Scotia, and strict quotas were placed on other species of groundfish. Canada’s cod fishing industry collapsed, and around 40,000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work.
Atlantic cod stocks had once been so plentiful that early explorers joked about walking on the backs of the teeming fish. Today, cod stocks are at historically low levels and show no signs of imminent recovery, even after drastic conservation measures and severely limited fishing. Fishermen often blame the diminishing stocks on seals, which prey on cod and other species, but scientists believe that decades of overfishing are to blame. Studies on fish populations have shown that cod disappeared from Newfoundland at the same time that stocks started rebuilding in Norway, raising the possibility that the cod had migrated. Still, no one can predict whether and when the cod will return to the Grand Banks. ]
An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points
The Atlantic cod fishery has shaped Newfoundland’s economy for centuries.
1、Cod fishing was so successful that few people considered the possibility of overfishing until fish stocks fell.
2、Despite severe limits on fishing, cod stocks remain at low levels and show few signs of recovery.
3、The Canadian government tried to diversity Newfoundland’s economy in the 1980s
Answer Choices
(1)Atlantic cod stocks were once plentiful in the rich environment around the Grand Banks.
(2)The Atlantic cod is a groundfish that preys on herring and small fish that eat krill.
(3)Cod fishing was so successful that few people considered the possibility of overfishing until fish stocks fell.
(4)The Canadian government tried to diversity Newfoundland’s economy in the 1980s.
(5)Despite severe limits on fishing, cod stocks remain at low levels and show few signs of recovery.
(6)Newfoundland exports millions of dollars worth of crab and other shellfish every year.
解題基本思路：首先確定這個題目屬于總結表格題，其主題為The Atlantic cod fishery has shaped Newfoundland’s economy for centuries.(鱈魚漁業(yè)帶動了紐芬蘭經濟發(fā)展已經有好幾個世紀。)后面三個分論點的內容都是圍繞這個論點展開：因為漁業(yè)的發(fā)達人們忽略了過度捕殺來的問題;盡管采取各種限制捕殺政策，鱈魚的庫存還是不斷減少而其數(shù)量也沒有回升的跡象;加拿大政府從20世紀80年代開始想辦法來繁榮紐芬蘭的經濟。通過對上面這些句子和主題的分析，我們已經可以猜出文章的主要內容，人們的過度捕殺導致自己的經濟來源-鱈魚數(shù)量不斷減少。根據(jù)這個理解然后看答案。根據(jù)文章內容，我們知道選項 A ，C， E與文章的內容和題目表格內容相符合。其中B內容在文章中有，但是不符合，D的內容也是正確的，但是與E相比，E更合適，而F 直接排除掉。
2、總結表格題做題三大步驟：
判斷題目類型(全文型還是段落型)--------------根據(jù)題目類型找主題、細節(jié)和支持性段落/事例--------采用排除法找出正確答案。
對比表格題
對比表格題都會有明確的對比項，也就是在文章中幾個不同事物之間相對比。
這類型的題目相對于總結表格題來說簡單。只要按照文章題目的要求，返回原文去找和要求意思相近的答案就可以了。其具體解題方法和總結表格題相同，所以這里就不贅述了。
總之，判斷題目類型(總結表格題和對比表格題)--------------根據(jù)題目類型找主題、細節(jié)和支持性段落/事例--------采用排除法找出正確答案是解決這類問題的最佳策略。
托福閱讀解答方案：修飾目的題型
新托福閱讀考試中還有一種題型是修飾目的題，在一定程度上也叫例證題，主要考查考生透過表面特定的修辭方法/方式發(fā)掘潛在的目的能力，一般來說，問題會要求考生理解為什么作者在文章中用某些詞，詞組和句子。在IBT閱讀考試中往往會有3-4個修飾目的題。
1、托福閱讀修辭目的題的兩種考察形式：
在閱讀考試中，這類題目有兩種不同的考察形式：一種是給出修辭手段問目的，另一種是給出修辭目的問手段。
其常見的題目形式如下：
The author uses X as an example of…
Why does the author mention X?
Why does the author compare … to …?
Why does the author use the word … in discussing…?
The author discusses X in paragraph X in order to…
The author uses X as an example of…
2、托福閱讀修辭目的題解題技巧
找出這些修辭方法所用的關鍵詞，例如定義中所用的同位語;描述事物大小、形狀的形容詞和名詞;舉例用的詞，如，for instance，for example， in other words;用來解釋的詞語，如because，this is why，due to等。
我們來看一個例子：
One of the most puzzling aspects of the paintings is their location. Other rock paintings，for example， those of Bushmen in South Africa are either located near cave entrances or completely in the open. Cave paintings in France and Spain， however， are in recesses and caverns far removed from original cave entrances.
Why does the author mention Bushmen in South Africa in paragraph 2?
To suggest that ancient artists from all over the world painted animals on rocks
To contrast the location of their rock paintings to those found at Lascaux
To support the claim that early artists worked in cramped spaces
To give an example of other artists who painted in hidden locations
首先分析問題題目，找出其中的關鍵詞：Bushmen in South Africa.之后回到原文看其前后的句子，找到原文的關鍵詞for example，通過分析知道，這一例子的目的是為了說明它前面的那句話，即這些繪畫的位置令人費解。作者以對比的手法來說明這一點：Bushmen in South Africa的繪畫常位于洞口或洞外，而法國和西班牙的洞穴繪畫(本文所說的繪畫)卻位于遠離最初洞口的深處。由此可見，Bushmen in South Africa的例子是為了說明Lascaux繪畫位置的怪異。第二個選項符合此意，為正確答案。
總之，解決這類問題的步驟可以總結為：分析問題題目找出關鍵詞，返回原文找原文中的關鍵詞，理解上下文得出答案。
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