托福寫作要高分,各環(huán)節(jié)缺一不可
一篇高分托福寫作需要考生在文章的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都精雕細(xì)琢。文章觀點(diǎn)、深度、例子和整體風(fēng)格缺一不可。那么在寫作托福寫作時(shí),考生究竟需要注意哪些要點(diǎn)呢?下面小編就來(lái)具體展開逐一分析,一起來(lái)看。
托福寫作要高分,各環(huán)節(jié)缺一不可
托福寫作觀點(diǎn)要持一立場(chǎng)
針對(duì)某一個(gè)論題,每一種觀點(diǎn)都有它的理由。同樣,在托福寫作中也不存在著唯一的觀點(diǎn)和內(nèi)容。這時(shí),你可以從兩個(gè)完全相反的觀點(diǎn)中選擇一個(gè)立場(chǎng)。關(guān)鍵在于你如何說(shuō)服讀者:盡管存在著相反的立場(chǎng),你的觀點(diǎn)從總體上來(lái)說(shuō)仍然是最具說(shuō)服力的。
一般說(shuō)來(lái),應(yīng)該選擇那個(gè)政治上正確的或者大多數(shù)考生會(huì)選擇的觀點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然,如果你不擅長(zhǎng)寫這種文章,你可以適當(dāng)?shù)卣{(diào)整一下內(nèi)容以適應(yīng)你較習(xí)慣的舒服的表達(dá)方式。但總的說(shuō)來(lái),文章要均衡,不要包含高度爭(zhēng)議性的論述。不要把這里當(dāng)成思想家的論壇。寫一篇高度爭(zhēng)議性的文章只會(huì)讓讀者對(duì)你產(chǎn)生偏見,同時(shí)也會(huì)使電腦評(píng)分器費(fèi)解,因?yàn)檫@種文章和其數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)里所儲(chǔ)存的文章差別太大。所以,針對(duì)問題時(shí)盡量使用較冷靜平和的語(yǔ)氣。盡管如此,你也不能不選擇一個(gè)立場(chǎng)。你必須選擇一個(gè)將要“出現(xiàn)”在開頭段落和結(jié)論段落里的觀點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然,考試時(shí),題目會(huì)讓你選擇一種觀點(diǎn),但你必須明確地表述出來(lái)。
托福寫作內(nèi)容要有深度
托福寫作每篇文章只有20-30分鐘,這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)你不可能覆蓋每一個(gè)推理,反駁和例子。當(dāng)你開始考試時(shí),抽出幾分鐘的時(shí)間確定要寫的論點(diǎn)和例子。你不必包含每個(gè)論題和概念。大部分學(xué)生都沒有足夠的時(shí)間覆蓋他想覆蓋的內(nèi)容。所以,只要選擇其中最具說(shuō)服力的點(diǎn)和例子。其實(shí),判分者也不期望你對(duì)每個(gè)論題都作深入的探討。
這里最重要的是你的作文不要離題,抓住要點(diǎn)。不要扯遠(yuǎn)了也不要過分集中在某個(gè)例子上。
托福寫作例子注意要點(diǎn)分析
托福寫作題目會(huì)告訴你可以利用自己的經(jīng)歷來(lái)展開你的論點(diǎn),得出結(jié)論。這種方法是可以的,但不要過分。你的推理依據(jù)應(yīng)該更偏向于所學(xué)到的知識(shí)而非個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。你所舉的例子或者知識(shí)可能很吸引人,但不要試圖深入。因?yàn)橥懈懽鳒y(cè)試的是你基本寫作能力,而非你的專業(yè)知識(shí)。留學(xué)生:盡量多讀一些美國(guó)雜志,以適應(yīng)美國(guó)人寫作的習(xí)慣和跟上時(shí)代的潮流
托福寫作整體風(fēng)格應(yīng)保持簡(jiǎn)潔
試著將自己放在評(píng)分者的位置上,他們整天在為作文判分。你希望看到一篇包含5段每段4句的簡(jiǎn)潔的有效的文章還是4段每段10句的散漫的文章呢?簡(jiǎn)而言之:確保你的作文干脆,簡(jiǎn)潔能取悅評(píng)分者。在獨(dú)立寫作部分這尤其重要,因?yàn)樵谶@里你表達(dá)的是你自己的觀點(diǎn)。
以上就是托福寫作考試的注意事項(xiàng),考生們要記牢這些,盡量避免問題的發(fā)生,一些考生為了增加單詞量在句子中添加一些無(wú)用詞,是整段內(nèi)容顯得冗雜繁瑣,這類情形要減少發(fā)生,只要在生活中多積累經(jīng)典語(yǔ)句,在托福寫作中自然不會(huì)發(fā)生湊詞湊句的情況發(fā)生,平時(shí)多積累些名人名言,優(yōu)美句子,用在都是簡(jiǎn)單句的作文中,會(huì)使得你的作文更有深度。
托福寫作語(yǔ)法類高頻扣分問題實(shí)例講解
1.there be 句型誤用
There are a great many parents require their children to learning music and art since they are at the age of five.
There are a large number of students spend more than ten hours a day on learning English in CAU.
There be 句型是我們?cè)趯懽髦薪?jīng)常用的一種句型,可惜這種句型很多考生并不能真正掌握。在there be后面如果要加動(dòng)詞,千萬(wàn)不要出現(xiàn)例句所犯的錯(cuò)誤,要時(shí)刻記得be動(dòng)詞后面應(yīng)該加的是ing形式
2.主謂不一致錯(cuò)誤
A quantity of people concerns about how to solve the severe problem of air contamination.
Restricted by methods, students has to be influenced by their teachers, even though the teachers are not outstanding.
新托福寫作不同于漢語(yǔ),漢語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不會(huì)有任何變化的。比如說(shuō)一個(gè)人在吃飯和一萬(wàn)個(gè)人在吃飯,吃就是吃,不會(huì)有吃s和吃之分。可是在英語(yǔ)中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)情況進(jìn)行變化。在上面的兩個(gè)例句中,主語(yǔ)都是復(fù)數(shù),而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞卻選擇了單三形式,顯然是不正確的。
3.時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤
In the past, the major way for young people to learn knowledge is attending classes.
When I study in college, I have no choice but to spend more than 10 hours a day on academic study.
托福寫作中除了主謂一致之外,還有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是時(shí)態(tài)問題。過去時(shí),過去完成時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),將來(lái)時(shí),正在進(jìn)行時(shí)等等。各種各樣的時(shí)態(tài)也是我們要數(shù)量掌握的。在上面的例句中,所犯錯(cuò)誤即為將過去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞寫成了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
4.作文中的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤
A great many student would benefit from the investment on improving school.
Few parent would like to permit their child to make any mistake.
Environmental problem are beyond the ability of individual.
上面這三句話中,都出現(xiàn)了共同的錯(cuò)誤,就是本來(lái)應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞卻寫成了單數(shù)形式。
5.詞性誤用
No one can negative the importance of money.
Family members play significance role in our journey s of success.
托福寫作詞性誤用同樣是托福考生常犯的一種錯(cuò)誤,因?yàn)?a href='http://lpo831.com/english/danci/' target='_blank'>英語(yǔ)單詞的名詞形式,形容詞形式,副詞形式很多時(shí)候是非常相近的,如果我們對(duì)語(yǔ)法掌握或者對(duì)于單詞本身掌握不夠扎實(shí)的話,很容易出這種錯(cuò)誤。
還在背模板?托福寫作創(chuàng)新才能拿高分!
文章規(guī)范的布局
對(duì)于托福寫作來(lái)說(shuō),規(guī)范的寫作布局還是必不可少的。五段三點(diǎn)式文章結(jié)構(gòu)的文章結(jié)構(gòu),永遠(yuǎn)就是托福寫作的主線脈絡(luò)。
開頭段和結(jié)尾段很像孿生姐妹,但分?jǐn)?shù)毫無(wú)疑問偏愛開頭段。
首段一定要雕琢表現(xiàn),抓住閱卷人的眼球。引入主題的方式有很多種,例如排比反問,陳述定義,擴(kuò)展背景知識(shí)等。接下來(lái)的主題句一定要有概括性,在明確表明觀點(diǎn)的同時(shí)越寬泛越好,為下文提供廣闊的展開空間。
此外主題句也要避免絕對(duì)化,把握好尺度。例如在比較年長(zhǎng)人和年輕人的時(shí)候,最好避免Elder people are efficient這類的說(shuō)法,可以換成Compared with many un-experienced young people, most experienced elders can work more efficiently.這樣一來(lái)表述得體,有限定成分most和對(duì)比說(shuō)法compared with等。
結(jié)尾說(shuō)白就是把開頭主題句同義句轉(zhuǎn)換,避免用詞重復(fù)就好。
主體段通常寫三段,可以寫三個(gè)支持點(diǎn)一邊倒也可以兩個(gè)支持點(diǎn)加一個(gè)讓步段。讓步段之后一定要記得重申:“anyway我還是堅(jiān)持…觀點(diǎn)?!?/p>
主體段的格式一般挺固定,第一句是小分論點(diǎn),后面證明分論點(diǎn)。證明分論點(diǎn)有很多方法,舉例子、列出名人事跡、報(bào)數(shù)據(jù)顯示或者純粹講大道理也行。但前提是一定要邏輯清晰,邏輯連接詞一個(gè)不能少。此外,盡量把所有思考過程中的細(xì)節(jié)都要寫下來(lái),不僅占字?jǐn)?shù),還能加分。
寫作觀點(diǎn)的確定
對(duì)于托福寫作來(lái)說(shuō),有了規(guī)范的寫作布局,只是托福寫作沖刺高分最為基礎(chǔ)的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。而對(duì)于文章的新意而言更多的就是來(lái)自于文章觀點(diǎn)的確定。那么,在托福寫作中想要寫出一個(gè)有新意的觀點(diǎn),還是需要有著一定觀察能力的,原班套用范文或是模板的內(nèi)容,自然是無(wú)法提起閱卷人的興趣。但是,大家也不必為了觀點(diǎn)的對(duì)錯(cuò),過于深究。因?yàn)橥懈懽髦饕€是考查對(duì)于話題的論述。有了自己原創(chuàng)的話題,自然就不用擔(dān)心之后論述上觀點(diǎn)雷同的問題。不過,在這里還是需要提醒大家,不要過于糾結(jié)觀點(diǎn)的深度,觀點(diǎn)定位過深,一時(shí)之間不能找到論據(jù),導(dǎo)致無(wú)話可說(shuō),反而造成適得其反的效果了
例證內(nèi)容的詮釋
在托福寫作過程中,想要完美充實(shí)的布局整個(gè)文章,托福寫作的例證內(nèi)容是必不可少的。舉例子的時(shí)候,可以舉正例也可以舉反例,但是舉反例要適可而止,不能指望全篇用反例來(lái)支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)。舉的例子也有很多種,除了說(shuō)自己的經(jīng)歷外,還可以舉抽象例子,也就是假設(shè)虛擬情景。名人例子的格式就是名字+身份+直接入題+結(jié)局。Take Steve Jobs, the founder and late former CEO of AppleCompany, for instance, before he started his own business, 另外避免用到I,you等。相信很多同學(xué)在備考過程中,也會(huì)在備考的同時(shí),不斷的累積一些新的例證資料需要注意的是,托福寫作關(guān)鍵不在于例證的新意,而是在于你如何用新的看法來(lái)解釋這些老的論據(jù)。在托福寫作中,我們有時(shí)也會(huì)使用到一些托福范文的語(yǔ)句。需要提醒大家的是,我們也需要學(xué)會(huì)如何改寫語(yǔ)句中的內(nèi)容,即便是不會(huì)改寫,那么也可以換掉一些關(guān)鍵詞。
托福獨(dú)立寫作范文:電視的功能是教育而不是娛樂
托福寫作預(yù)測(cè)題目:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The purpose of television is to educate not to entertain.(電視的功能是娛樂還是教育?)
托福寫作參考范文:
Television can be seen in restaurants, clubs, and living rooms, with programs ranging from informative documentaries to interesting movies. Some people believe that its purpose is to be educative while others hold an opposite view, claiming that television should be used for entertainment instead. While there is some element of truth in both arguments, I believe that there is no significant need to purposely assign the function of television to either education or entertainment.
On the one hand, television can provide pure entertainment. Some funny and horror movies have nothing to do with education. They are designed to provide viewers with laughter or horror. For example, in the movie Final Destination, I learned nothing useful, but I love watching this kind of programs, because I like being frightened, which I may never experience in my actual life. Comedy shows are necessary too. After a whole day’s work, what most people need is true relaxation.
On the other hand, television can also offer instructional classes. Its functions nowadays are various and practical. One of the pragmatic and instrumental functions is to store programs that you want to watch again. This makes television a desirable learning tool. For students living in rural areas where access to the Internet and quality education is next to impossible, the educational programs offered by television are good and indispensable choices. By watching these programs, students from less developed areas and disadvantaged families have the opportunity of being decently educated.
Besides the abovementioned programs, there are also programs that are both informative and interesting. For example, some documentaries and television series inform us about lessons regarding history, love, and friendship. Watching this kind of programs is rewarding, exciting, and thought-provoking.
From the above discussion, I can draw the conclusion that television can be both informative and entertaining depending on the content being shown. There is usually no need to make a clear distinction. Different programs serve different purposes, all of which are imperative and indispensable in our lives. (333)
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