天壇中英文導(dǎo)游詞(2)
英文范例：
篇一：天壇概況、祈谷壇建筑群
Today, well go to visit the Temple of Heaven. First, I'll give you a brief introduction of it. The Temple of Heaven is situated in the southern part of Beijing. It was first built in 1420 in the Ming Dynasty. It covers an area of 273 hectares. The Temple of Heaven is not only the largest group of temple building in China, but also the largest heaven-worshipping architecture in the world.
Originally the Temple of Heaven was built according to the Temple of Heaven and Earth in Nanjing, so both heaven and earth were worshiped here, then it was called Temple of Heaven and Earth at that time. In 1530, another structure, Temple of Earth was built in the northern part of Beijing and the Heaven and Earth were worshipped separately. Since only Heaven was worshipped in here, it was renamed the Temple of Heaven.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Temple of Heaven was the place where the emperors came to worship the God of Heaven and pray for good harvest. The emperors came here twice a year. The first time was on the 15 th day of the first lunar month. The emperor would come to the Hall of the prayer for Good Harvest and held a big ceremony to pray for a bumper harvest. The second time was on Winter Solstice, and a sacrificial ceremony would be held at the Circular Mount Altar to offer a sacrifice to the Heaven.
Being a sacred place for worshipping heaven, the Temple of Heaven had been twice seriously damaged by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860 and the invading troops of the eight powers in 1900.
Architecturally speaking, the Temple of Heaven has two themes: the heave and the earth. The surrounding walls of the Temple of Heaven are 6 meters high with a semicircular wall to the north and square shaped wall to the south. This represents an ancient belief that the heaven was round and the earth was square. There are three main buildings in the Temple of Heaven, they are: the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, the Imperial Heavenly Vault and the Circular Mound Altar.
篇二：the Carcular Mound Altar
(天壇圜丘壇建筑群)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Welcome to the temple of Heaven. Today we are going to visit the circular mound altar. The Circular Mound Altar, which was built in 1530 and enlarged in 1740. There are two walls that encircle the altar. Both walls are painted red and surrounded by blue tiles. Each wall represents something different. The round inner wall represents heaven while the square outer wall represents earth.
In the southeast corner, pine and cypress branches were burned in the green-tiled oven to welcome the gods from heaven. To bid farewell to the gods, human sacrifices were burned in the over. Next to the oven, there is a special pit called the Pit of Hair and Blood because the hair and blood of the sacrificial victims were buried here.
In the southwest corner, a platform to hold a lantern pole can be seen. The pole was built in 1530 but its length changed several times. Originally, a golden dragon blue background was painted on the pole , later, the color of background was changed to red. The pole was last redecorated by Yuan Shikai, the warlord made the last sacrifice to Heaven.
The Circular Mound Altar is comprised of three round white marble terraces. Each one is edged with a marble balustrade. The bottom marble terrace represents Hell, the middle terrace represents the Mortal World and the top terrace represents Heaven.
And a kind of ancient yardstick was used to measure the length in “Zhang” (one “Zhang” is a little less than 3.5 meters)， the Upper terrace is 9 “Zhang”(30 meters) in diameter, the middle terrace is 15 “Zhang”(50 meters) in diameter and the bottom terrace 21 “Zhang”(70 meters) in diameter, and the numbers 1x9=9;3x5=15;3x7=21, include all the so called “Heavenly numbers” 1,3,5,7,9;and the total number of the three terraces is 45, the result of 9x5,which is in complete conformity with “the Supreme number of nine and five” in the “Book of Changes”。 The arrangement of putting number nine and five together was used exclusively in China by the ancient emperors. That's why it was used here.
In the center of the upper terrace is the Heaven's Heart Stone which is surrounded by concentrically arranged flag-stones. There are 9 stones in the first circle, 18 in the second, 27 in the third. It continues in this manner up to the ninth circle, which has 81 stones. The middle and bottom terraces also have 9 circles each. The total number of the marble flagstones on the surface is 3,402, and each terrace has four entrances and a flight of nine steps leading down in every direction. The total number of the carved balustrades on these terraces is 360, which is also the multiple of 9. It stands for the 360 degrees of circumference of heaven.
During each ceremony, the shrine of god was placed on the central Supreme Stone, which symbolized that god lived above the “nine heavens”。 The highest terrace produces a curious acoustic effect. If you stand in the center of the upper terrace and speak, you will hear your voice echo back because the balustrades send the sound back to the center.
North of the Circular Mound Altar is the Imperial Vault of Heaven, which was originally built in 1530 and rebuilt 1752. Its structure is made from wood and brick with a blue tiled roof that is topped with a gilded ball. It is 19.5 meters high and 15.6meters in diameter. From a distance, the Imperial Vault of Heaven looks like a small version of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest.
As you can see, the building does not have any horizontal beams as support. The entire building is supported by 8 pillars and a span-work of bars, laths and brackets, which is in complete conformity with the principles of dynamics. The decorative painted appear fresh because they were retouched in 1974.
In the center of the Imperial vault of Heaven stands the shrine where the tablet of God of Heaven was placed. There are four stone platforms one each side where the tablets of the emperor's eight ancestors were kept. During each winter solstice, these tablets were placed in a small pavilion-like cage and removed to the Circular Mound for the Worshipping Heaven ceremony. After the ceremony, the tablets were returned to the stone platforms.
Two chambers located at the front of the Imperial Vault of Heave contained different tablets used for worship. The left chamber contained tablets of the gods of basic elements including gold, wood, water, fire and earth. The right chamber contained tablets of gods of natural phenomena including wind, rain, thunder, lightning and so on.
The Imperial Vault of Heaven is better know for the wall that surrounds it. This wall is called “Echo Wall” or “The Whispering Wall”。 It is 3.72meters high, 90centimeters thick and 65.1 meters in diameter. The eaves of the wall and the hermetically laid bricks make wireless communication possible between two people who speak in normal voices. To be the most effective, a couple of conditions must exist: First, the courtyard cannot be too noisy. Second, both people must face north. It is better to stand by the wall at the back of the two side chambers. The entrance of the courtyard prevents the voices from being heard by others.
How to Worship the God of Heaven
Worship of the God of Heaven followed a fixed pattern. First, the officials responsible for the ceremony had to write a program, which was presented to the Emperor in the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City for approval. After the program was approved, the emperor rehearsed it in the Hall of Complete Harmony.
The day before the ceremony, the emperor presented incense in the Imperial Vault of Heaven. Then, he went to the Circular Mound Altar to inspect the tablets. Also, the emperor inspected sacrificial articles in the storehouse of the gods. On the day of the ceremony, the emperor left the Hall of Abstinence two hours before sunrise to the chiming of the bell. Music and drums replaced the Altar. This is how the ceremony began. The entire ritual consisted of nine steps.
1.Welcoming the deities where something special was burnt to usher in the God of Heaven.
2.Offering jade and silk items in boxes.
3.Presenting sacrificial animals.
4.First presenting of offerings.
5.Second presenting of offerings.
6.Final presenting offerings.
7.Removal of sacrificial offerings.
8.Seeing the deities off: stuff of all offerings.
9.The emperor views burning off all offerings.
Different music accompanied each procedure, which was followed by the kowtow of the emperor and his ministers. When the smell of the burnt offerings filled the air of the Circular Mound Altar, the ceremony was over.
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天壇中英文導(dǎo)游詞(2)
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