(二)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法二2——持續(xù)性用法(肯定句，疑問(wèn)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)：表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。此時(shí)常與“for +一段時(shí)間?或“since+過(guò)去的點(diǎn)時(shí)間或從句(從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí))以及so far(到目前為止)等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

　　for + 段時(shí)間

　　since +點(diǎn)時(shí)間

　　實(shí)例：

　　1)I've lived here since 1990.自從1990年以來(lái)我就住在這里。

　　= I've lived here since 13 years ago.

　　= I've lived here for 13 years.

　　= It is 13 years since I began to live here.

　　2)I haven't seen him for three years .我三年沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)他了。

　　= I haven't seen him since three years ago

　　= I haven't seen him since 2000.

　　= It is 3 years since I saw him last time.

　　3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city .

　　自從到這個(gè)城市以來(lái)，王先生一直在這家工廠(chǎng)工作。

　　4)She's been at this school since five years ago.

　　自從五年前以來(lái)她就在這個(gè)學(xué)校。

　　注意：①在這類(lèi)句子的肯定句和疑問(wèn)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。短暫性動(dòng)詞由于動(dòng)作不能持續(xù)，故不能與for(達(dá)到;累計(jì))或since(自從。。。到現(xiàn)在)引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

　　②對(duì)for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)要用How long

　　1) 他入團(tuán)兩年了。

　　誤：He has joined the League for two years.

　　正：He has been a League member for two years.

　　2)我買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)三年了。

　　誤：I have bought this bike for three years.

　　正：I have had this bike for three years.

　　2) ▲部分短暫性動(dòng)詞與之對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：

　　短暫性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

　　die → be dead

　　borrow → keep

　　buy/catch → have

　　get up → be up

　　come → be in

　　finish → be over

　　leaver → be away

　　open → be open

　　close → be closed

　　begin → be on

　　become interested in → be interested in

　　有人可能會(huì)問(wèn)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，那么這兩種時(shí)態(tài)有什么區(qū)別呢?

　　☆答：①一般過(guò)去時(shí)與具體的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如：yesterday連用;強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在過(guò)去發(fā)生，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。

　?、诂F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與自已的特征詞連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或過(guò)去開(kāi)始發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。

　　例： He saw the film last night. (過(guò)去時(shí)，表示他昨晚看過(guò)那部電影了，現(xiàn)在不知還要不要再看一次)

　　He has (ever) seen the film before.(現(xiàn)在\完成時(shí)，表時(shí)他已看過(guò)那部電影，現(xiàn)在不想再看了)

　　鞏固練習(xí)：

　　I.按要求轉(zhuǎn)換下列各句，每空一詞。

　　1、He has already finished his homework.(改為否定句)

　　He _______ finished his homework ________.

　　2.They have found the lost books already.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，并作否定回答)

　　______ they _______ the lost books _______?No，they________.

　　3.Julia has not got home from school yet.(改為肯定句)

　　Julia ______ _______ ________ home from school .

　　4.You have never been to Shanghai before，_________ _________ ?(改為反意疑問(wèn)句)

　　5. He’s gone to Beijing, ______ ______?(改為反意疑問(wèn)句)

　　6.Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999.(改為同義句)

　　Mr Wang _________ _________ English in this school since 1999.

　　7. He hasn’t left home for 3 days.(同義句)

　　He _____ ______ ______ home for 3 days.

　　8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (對(duì)劃線(xiàn)提問(wèn))

　　II.選擇正確答案。

　　( )1.—Who is Mary ?

　　—____?I saw you talking with her at the meeting .

　　A.Don't you meet her yet

　　B.Didn't you met her yet

　　C.Haven't you met her yet

　　D.Hadn't you met her yet

　　( )2.—How do you like Beijing ，Mr Black?

　　—Oh ，I ____ such a beautiful city .

　　A.don't visit

　　B.didn't visit

　　C.haven't visited

　　D.hadn't visited

　　( )3.The old people ____ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week.

　　A.don't feel

　　B.hasn't felt

　　C.haven't felt

　　D.didn't feel

　　( ) 4.We have lived here ____ five years ago.

　　A.when

　　B.since

　　C.before

　　D.after