高中英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)填空的解題思路
在英語(yǔ)中單項(xiàng)填空是學(xué)生經(jīng)常做的題型，下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家?guī)?lái)的有關(guān)于單項(xiàng)填空的解題思路的分析介紹，希望能夠幫助到大家。
高中英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)填空的解題思路分析
1.思維定勢(shì)型
思維定勢(shì)是指人們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)期的思維過(guò)程中所形成的一種固定的思維模式。它是一把雙刃劍，如果運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，它可以幫助考生將考題內(nèi)容與以前所學(xué)知識(shí)迅速聯(lián)系起來(lái)，并在短時(shí)間內(nèi)調(diào)集解決問(wèn)題所需的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理，并很快得出正確的結(jié)論;但若運(yùn)用不當(dāng)，它便會(huì)誤導(dǎo)考生掉入命題人所預(yù)設(shè)的陷阱，得出錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論。
例1 In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours ______ in my study.
A. locking
B. locked
C. to lock
D. to be locked
解析：答案為B，但考生易誤選A，以為是考查spend...(in)doing結(jié)構(gòu)。其實(shí)，不是“鎖門”花去了三小時(shí)，而是“將自己鎖在書房里度過(guò)了三小時(shí)”，用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
2.規(guī)則硬套型
就是指不從語(yǔ)言實(shí)際出發(fā)，不考慮特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，而是機(jī)械地套用語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，生搬硬套語(yǔ)法的條條框框，從而錯(cuò)誤地作出選擇。
例2 He made up his mind to devote his life ______pollution______ happily.
A. to prevent, to live B. to prevent, from living
C. to preventing, to live D. to preventing, living
解析：答案為C，但易誤選B，認(rèn)為第一空應(yīng)填to，是不定式符號(hào)，第二空是prevent... (from) doing sth.是固定搭配。其實(shí)devote ... to ... (把……奉獻(xiàn)給……)中的to是介詞，接-ing形式;第二空也不是“阻止污染過(guò)上幸福生活”，而是“為了過(guò)上幸福生活而阻止污染”，用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。
3.母語(yǔ)干擾型
學(xué)外語(yǔ)最忌母語(yǔ)干擾，但由于母語(yǔ)在大腦中根深蒂固，所以常常會(huì)對(duì)外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者大腦中尚不牢固的外語(yǔ)知識(shí)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。命題者也往往利用這一點(diǎn)，制造陷阱。
例3 I’ll come to see you if______.
A. you’re convenient
B. it is convenient for you
C. you feel convenient
D. it is convenient with you
解析：答案為B，但易誤選A或C，因?yàn)榘礉h語(yǔ)意思，“如果你方便的話”，易直譯為if you are convenient或if you feel convenient。但事實(shí)上，英語(yǔ)中表示“如果你方便的話”，通常說(shuō)if it is convenient for(to)you。
4.插入隔離型
有時(shí)一個(gè)本來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)單的句子，在其中置入一個(gè)插入成分，或?qū)⒛承┏煞謴恼Ｎ恢谜{(diào)入一個(gè)在同學(xué)們看來(lái)屬“非正常”的位置，則很有可能給同學(xué)們的理解帶來(lái)困難。
例4 He ran as fast as he could ______the bus.
A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught
解析: 答案為B，但易選A，以為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could后要接動(dòng)詞原形。其實(shí)，這里的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could后已省略了一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形run了，后面應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的。
5.借用倒裝型
英語(yǔ)句子的一般語(yǔ)序?yàn)?ldquo;主語(yǔ)部分+謂語(yǔ)部分”，如果把謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一部分放到主語(yǔ)前面，我們稱之為倒裝。命題者就利用這種“不正常”的句式跟你“繞彎子”。解決類似的題目，關(guān)鍵是要熟悉倒裝規(guī)則，學(xué)會(huì)識(shí)別倒裝句。
例5 _______he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.
A. When B. If C. Had D. Has
解析： 答案為C，但易誤選B。若選B，主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)就會(huì)矛盾了，根據(jù)后面的謂語(yǔ)的形式，前面要用過(guò)去完成式had followed才對(duì)。其實(shí)，這里的if被省略，將had提前了。
下面就請(qǐng)你練練身手吧!你可別掉進(jìn)陷阱喲，萬(wàn)一掉進(jìn)去了，那就要好好反思一下，并希望你能從中獲得一些啟發(fā)。
1. ______smoking here will be fined.
A. Who B. Whomever C. Anyone D. Whoever
2. After______ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
A. which B. it C. what D. that
3. ______is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
4. He is always really rude, ______is why people tend to avoid him.
A. that B. it C. this D. which
5. Mr. Smith is a painter, ______I should also like to be.
A. that B. which C. who D. it
6. According to the rules, students must not ______their books during examinations.
A. read B. watch C. notice D. look at
7. Remind him ______ the window when he leaves.
A. of closing B. closing C. to close D. close
8. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ______ some bananas and visited her cousin.
A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy
9. It was 10 o'clock ______ the front doorbell rang.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
10. ______, we went for a swim.
A. Being hot B. It being hot
C. As it is hot D. It was hot
11. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he ______ English.
A. could learning B. learned
C. to learn D. could learn
12. —Did they all pass the driving test?
—No, ______ only three of them who passed it.
A. there was B. that was
C. there were D. it was
13. The “Two Cities” referred ______ London and Paris.
A. is to B. to be
C. to are D. to going to be
14. This is the main use that the scientists make ______ of natural resources.
A. it B. which C. use D. /
15. Mr. Smith is______ a good teacher______ we all respect.
A. such, that B. such, as
C. so, that D. so, as
16. If you want to go to see the movie，so ______ I.
A. do B. am C. will D. should
17. Which do you enjoy ______ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?
A. spending B. to spend
C. being spent D. spend
18. Is there a shop around ______ we can buy some toilet articles?
A. that B. which C. where D. what
答案與簡(jiǎn)析
1. C smoking here做后置定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)anyone。若把smoking改為smokes, 那就選D。
2. C after 在此處是介詞，what(=the time that)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。
3. B as引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，代表后面整句話的意思。若把逗號(hào)改為that, 就選A, it 是形式主語(yǔ)，that 從句為主語(yǔ)從句。
4. D which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。假如把逗號(hào)改為句號(hào)或分號(hào)，就用It或That。
5. B which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是表示職業(yè)身份的a painter。
6. D 句意為“學(xué)生們考試時(shí)不能看書(作弊)”，不是讀書的意思。
7. C remind sb to do sth提醒某人去做某事;remind sb of sth使某人想起類似的人或事。
8. A and連接了三個(gè)動(dòng)詞。
9. B it在此指時(shí)間，when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。若在10 o?蒺clock前加上at，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)了。
10. B 前后主語(yǔ)不一致，不能選A;C項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)不符;句子之間沒(méi)有連接詞，不能選D。
11. A 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could 后本來(lái)有動(dòng)詞原形spend，只是被省略了。
12. D 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
13. C referred to是后置定語(yǔ)。
14. D that the scientists make of是定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞that代表先行詞use;make use of(利用)為固定短語(yǔ)。
15. B 因respect缺賓語(yǔ)，是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞前有such，用關(guān)系代詞as。若在respect后加上him，就選A。
16. C 條件狀語(yǔ)從句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面的主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，用shall或will。
17. B 指代fishing or watching TV的which才是enjoy的賓語(yǔ)，enjoy后是目的狀語(yǔ)。
18. C 這里的around不是介詞而是副詞，用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
高中英語(yǔ)關(guān)于錢的英語(yǔ)單詞
cash 現(xiàn)金，現(xiàn)款
Of the two events, the cash loss-at this moment-weighed more heavily on him.
在這兩起事件中，此時(shí)使他心情更沉重的莫過(guò)于丟現(xiàn)金這一起了。
fund 資金，現(xiàn)款
The President also agreed to support congressional move to grant funds to help middle-and- lower income people pay their higher energy bills.
總統(tǒng)也同意國(guó)會(huì)的動(dòng)議，資助收入一般和較低者，幫助他們支付日益增長(zhǎng)的能源費(fèi)。
bill 鈔票，紙幣
The newest breed of inhabitants used the Cape Cod heritage not as a symbol of a proud and traditional past but as the symbol of a dollar bill.
新進(jìn)來(lái)的這批居民并不把科得角的遺產(chǎn)看作過(guò)去驕傲和傳統(tǒng)的象征，而是看作錢的象征。
note 紙幣
He motioned to the notes stacked on the table.
他用手指指堆在桌上的鈔票。
banknote 鈔票
With an one-million-pound banknote ready in hand, Henry was able to get whatever he wanted without paying cash.
由于亨利手中有一張百萬(wàn)英鎊的鈔票，因此他不必付現(xiàn)錢，要什么有什么。
change 零錢
Just keep the change.
不用找錢了。
coin 硬幣
His ease was suddenly disturbed by a coin flying into his carriage and ringing on the floor.
一枚金幣忽然飛了進(jìn)來(lái)，當(dāng)啷一聲落在車廂的地上，把他的安閑給攪擾了。
dough 錢，現(xiàn)鈔
The items in the report on her visits to the shop had cost him some dough.
報(bào)告中有關(guān)她曾多次去商店這一項(xiàng)就花掉他不少錢。
buck 錢
However, in their haste to earn a quick buck, the land and overall environment was greatly suffering.
然而在他們爭(zhēng)先恐后地掙這筆不花力氣的錢時(shí)，這個(gè)地方及整個(gè)環(huán)境都受害非淺。
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