英語高考復(fù)習(xí)資料:掌握倒裝和省略+英語寫作訓(xùn)練指導(dǎo)
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倒裝用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分。倒裝句可分為完全倒裝和部分倒裝。
完全倒裝
完全倒裝是將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部放在主語之前。常用于以下情況:
1. now, then, here, there, out, in, away等副詞位于句首時(shí)。例如:
Here is the book you want.
2. 表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語位于句首時(shí)。例如:
In front of the door stands a fierce dog.
【注意】在here, there等開頭的句子中,主語為代詞時(shí)不需倒裝。例如:
Here you are.
部分倒裝
部分倒裝是將謂語的一部分(如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等)放在主語之前。常用于以下情況:
1. “only + 副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句等”位于句首時(shí)。例如:
Only by working hard can you succeed.
2. never, seldom, little, hardly, nor, neither等含有否定意義的詞位于句首時(shí)。例如:
Never before have I seen such a bright moon.
3. not until, not only, no sooner等位于句首時(shí)。例如:
Not until Mrs Tian told me the news did I know that Mr Li had left our company.
【注意】
◆ not until位于句首引出的主從復(fù)合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。例如:
Not until his sister came back did Jones leave the hospital.
◆hardly (… when …) 或no sooner (…than …)位于句首時(shí),主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。例如:
Hardly had I closed the door when I realized that I had left the key at home.
◆ not only … but also …連接兩個(gè)分句,且not only位于句首時(shí),not only后面的分句倒裝,but also后面的分句不倒裝。例如:
Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also he was a writer.
4. 讓步狀語從句中,狀語、表語等成分位于連詞as或though之前時(shí)。例如:
Clever as my brother is, he doesn’t study hard.
【注意】
若位于as或though前的表語是名詞,則名詞前不加冠詞。例如:
Child as Tony is, he has been to many places.
5. so ... that ...和such ... that ...結(jié)構(gòu)中的so和such位于句首時(shí)。例如:
So fast did Jim run that no one could catch up with him.
6. 表示前面所說的情況也適合后者,肯定句用“so + 助動(dòng)詞 / be動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 后者”,否定句用“neither / nor + 助動(dòng)詞 / be動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 后者”。例如:
a. Li Hua has been to the Great Wall. So have I.
b. Lucy doesn’t like to eat meat; neither do I.
【注意】so位于句首,表示贊同對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)或看法,意為“……的確如此”時(shí),不需用倒裝。例如:
— I think Tony is a clever boy.
— So he is.
7. 以were, had, should等詞開頭的虛擬條件句中(即省略if的虛擬條件句)。例如:
Had I known the news, I would have told you.
省略
英語中有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù),使語言簡練緊湊,在不損害句子結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下,往往省去一個(gè)或多個(gè)句子成分,這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為省略。
簡單句中的省略
1. 簡單句中的省略,在口語中最為常用,可省略主語、謂語、主語和謂語的一部分、賓語等。例如:
a. (It) Sounds like a good idea.
b. (Is there) Anything else?
2. 并列句或并列結(jié)構(gòu)中同等句子成分的省略
在并列句或并列結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果前后兩部分有同等句子成分,為避免重復(fù),同等句子成分可以在一處省略。例如:
a. Mary is tall and (she is) beautiful.
b. I can’t decide whether to go to the library or not (to go to the library).
狀語從句中的省略
1. 在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,若從句的主語和主句的主語相同且從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞含有be動(dòng)詞,可以省略從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞。例如:
Unless (I am) invited, I will not go to your birthday party.
2. 在if it is possible, when it is necessary等類似結(jié)構(gòu)中,it is??墒÷?。例如:
If (it is) possible, Lisa will do a part-time job.
定語從句中的省略
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that,which等在限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語且不位于介詞之后時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可以省略;in which或that在先行詞way后時(shí)可省略。例如:
a. Is the book (that / which) you’re reading interesting?
b. This is the way (in which / that) your parents love you.
不定式符號(hào)to的省略
1. 在感官動(dòng)詞(see, hear, feel等)和使役動(dòng)詞(have, make, let等)后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),不定式符號(hào)to需省略。例如:
I saw the boy swim across the river.
【注意】在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中,不定式符號(hào)to不能省略。例如:
The boy was seen to swim across the river.
2. do nothing but, can’t help but等結(jié)構(gòu)后常接省略to的不定式。例如:
When Tina was sad, I did nothing but stay with her.
so和not的替代性省略
為避免重復(fù),可用so替代肯定句中的單詞、詞組或句子。not替代否定句中的單詞、詞組或句子。so / not 常與think, hope, expect, suppose, believe, guess等動(dòng)詞連用。例如:
— Will it rain tomorrow?
— I hope not.
中考英語寫作訓(xùn)練指導(dǎo)-A movie review
電影 《戰(zhàn)狼2》 講述了前軍人冷鋒在非洲營救華僑的故事。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)所給提示信息寫一篇短文,介紹并評(píng)價(jià)這部電影。
要求:
1. 要點(diǎn)齊全,結(jié)構(gòu)完整,語義連貫;
2. 80詞左右。
提示詞:
soldier 軍人
patriotism 愛國主義
寫作思路與分析
本次寫作任務(wù)要求寫一則影評(píng),其目的是讓讀者在觀看電影前對(duì)這部影片有所了解。寫作時(shí)可按以下步驟進(jìn)行:
1. 引出要介紹的電影,包括其類型、導(dǎo)演、演職人員等;
2. 介紹電影內(nèi)容,讓讀者掌握故事梗概;
3. 對(duì)作品作出評(píng)價(jià),同時(shí)表明自己的觀點(diǎn)。
詞匯儲(chǔ)備
★ 介紹電影常用的名詞(短語)
director
actor / actress
character
documentary
cartoon
action movie
science-fiction movie
comedy
scary movie
★ 發(fā)表評(píng)論時(shí)常用的形容詞
touching
moving
exciting
interesting
wonderful
serious
amazing
enjoyable
boring
educational
句型薈萃
The movie was directed by ...
… plays the role of … in the movie.
… acts as … in the movie.
The movie ... tells a simple but moving story about …
It’s a movie full of …
This movie can cheer you up / help you relax …
Many people like the movie not just because ... but also because ...
The main topic / theme of the movie is …
范文展示
Wolf Warriors II is an action movie directed by Wu Jing. Wu Jing also plays the role of the main character named Leng Feng in the movie.
The story takes place in Africa. Leng Feng, who used to be a soldier, is in Africa. Unluckily, the war happens. Many Chinese people who live in Africa are suddenly caught in the middle of the war. Leng Feng chooses to fight instead of leaving the country for safety. He tries his best to protect and save the people in need.
The main topic of this movie is patriotism. Leng Feng shows us his deep love for his country and people in the movie. It’s a touching and educational movie full of excitement. It’s worth watching.