英語(yǔ)四級(jí)必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)
全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試也成為了測(cè)試眾多非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)水平的一個(gè)重要的標(biāo)尺。英語(yǔ)四級(jí)有哪些必備的知識(shí)點(diǎn)呢?下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給你分享英語(yǔ)四級(jí)必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)，歡迎閱讀。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)
動(dòng)詞(時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài),用法,省略,一致性等)
時(shí)態(tài)
1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) (have/has been + -ing 分詞構(gòu)成): 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始,繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(由had been + ing分詞構(gòu)成): 過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)將來(lái)完成時(shí)(由shall/will have + 過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成): 將來(lái)某時(shí)已發(fā)生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
語(yǔ)態(tài)
可以有兩種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的類型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同時(shí)適用于上述兩個(gè)句型的主動(dòng)詞通常都是表示“估計(jì)”,“相信”等意義的動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
擔(dān)當(dāng)be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時(shí)往往表示不同的意義.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應(yīng)該曉得速度限制)
雙賓語(yǔ)及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ).
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
Vi + prep (有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
She’s looking after her sister’s children.
The children were always well looked after.
Vi + adv + prep
I began to look forward to their visits.
Vt + O + adv
Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
The children were brought up by their mother.
They took him on.
Vt + adv + O (無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
I am trying to give up smoking.
Vt + O + prep
We talked Donald into agreement.
在以as, than, when, if, unless等引導(dǎo)的從句中的省略:
在有些狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果謂語(yǔ)包含有動(dòng)詞be,主語(yǔ)又和主句的主語(yǔ)一致a),或者主語(yǔ)是it b),就常?？梢园褟木渲械闹髡Z(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一部分(特別是動(dòng)詞be)省略掉.
Look out for cars when crossing the street.
When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.
While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.
Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.
If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.
Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.
This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.
Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.
She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.
She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.
Fill in the application as instructed.
Whenever known, such facts should be reported.
The documents will be returned as soon as signed.
He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.
Once having made a promise, you should keep it.
If necessary I’ll have the letter duplicated.
Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.
If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.
As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.
在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的從句中,常會(huì)有一些成分省略.
He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.
We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.
They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).
He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.
Their training is free, as is all education.
We will, as always, stand on your side.
錯(cuò)誤的省略
His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.
While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.
一致
如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù),盡管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍舊用單數(shù)形式.
Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday.
An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.
The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the team.
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. 介詞使用(of/to/in…)
回顧：
過(guò)中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗于唐代早期在中國(guó)各地開(kāi)始流行。
過(guò)中秋節(jié)的 習(xí)俗 于唐代早期 在中國(guó)各地 開(kāi)始流行。
習(xí)俗 過(guò)中秋節(jié)的 開(kāi)始流行 于唐代早期 在中國(guó)各地 。
The tradition of celebrating mid-autumn day became popular at the beginning of Tang dynasty throughout china.
四級(jí)翻譯真題：
中國(guó)給數(shù)百萬(wàn)在線零售商以極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格銷售商品的機(jī)會(huì)。
中國(guó) 給 數(shù)百萬(wàn)在線零售商 以極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格 銷售商品的 機(jī)會(huì)。
中國(guó) 給 數(shù)百萬(wàn)在線零售商 機(jī)會(huì) 銷售商品 以極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格
China is providing millions of online retailers chances to sell goods at a very competitive price.
我們看到，完全不一樣的兩句話，完全一樣的考點(diǎn)。
2. 定語(yǔ)從句
回顧：
中國(guó)人自古以來(lái)就在中秋時(shí)節(jié)慶祝豐收。這與北美地區(qū)慶祝感恩節(jié)的習(xí)俗十分相似。
Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America.
『這』和『該』就是which吧，特別重要。來(lái)，上新句子：
四級(jí)真題：
據(jù)報(bào)道，今年中國(guó)快遞服務(wù)(courier service)將遞送大約120億件包裹。這將使中國(guó)有可能超越美國(guó)成為世界上最大的快遞市場(chǎng)。
It is reported that China’s courier service will deliver 12 billion packages, which will possibly make China the largest express market in the world, larger than the U. S.
中國(guó)現(xiàn)在擁有世界上發(fā)展最快的經(jīng)濟(jì)，并正經(jīng)歷著一次新的工業(yè)革命。
中國(guó)還啟動(dòng)了雄心勃勃的太空探索計(jì)劃，其中包括到2020年建成一個(gè)太空站。
3. 插入語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)
回顧：
大熊貓(giant panda)是一種溫順的動(dòng)物，長(zhǎng)著獨(dú)特的黑白皮毛。因其數(shù)量極少，大熊貓已被列為瀕危物種。
The giant panda, a sort of peaceful animal with unique white and black fur, has been listed as an endangered species because of its rarity.
四級(jí)真題解析：
中國(guó)是世界上最古老的文明之一，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)代世界基礎(chǔ)的許多元素都起源于中國(guó)。
China, the most ancient civilization in the world, is the starting place of many elements which formed the modern world’s fundamentals.
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