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      學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 各學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 英語學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 小學(xué)英語重難點知識匯總

      小學(xué)英語重難點知識匯總

      時間: 曾揚1167 分享

      小學(xué)英語重難點知識匯總

        英語是小學(xué)的一門重要科目,很多學(xué)生都非常的煩惱,只要掌握好了它的知識重難點,就輕松多了!

        小學(xué)英語重難點知識

        一、語法易錯點

        1. a, an的選擇: 元音字母開頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開頭的單詞用a.

        2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.

        3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I ,you 用 have .

        4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.

        5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any.

        6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰) where (哪里) whose (誰的) why(為什么)when(什么時候)which(哪一個)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)

        二:形容詞比較級

        當(dāng)我們需要對事物作出比較時,需要用到比較級.比較級的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:

        什么 + 動詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:

        I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)

        An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)

        形容詞的比較級是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來的,它的變化規(guī)則是:

       ?、?一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,

        ② 以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,

       ?、?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier

        ④ 雙寫最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter

        ☆注意☆

        比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對應(yīng)的可比較的東西.

        典型錯誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長.)

        比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā),你(整個人),那么比較的對象就沒有可比性.

        應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.

        三:動詞過去式

        動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:

        A,規(guī)則動詞

       ?、?一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

       ?、?以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

       ?、?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)

        ④ 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped

        B,不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,

        are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt

        四:動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解

       ?、?一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

       ?、?以e 結(jié)尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

       ?、?雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

        五、人稱代詞主格及賓格

        人稱代詞分為主格和賓格,主格和賓格區(qū)別:主格和賓格漢語意思相同,但位置不同。

        Eg:I(主格)"我"-- me (賓格)"我"

        主格在陳述句中通常放句首,賓格通常放在動詞后或介詞后,也就是說賓格,不放在句首。

        Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)

        Excuse me (me 賓格)

        I ask him to go (him 賓格)

        They sit in front of me (me 賓格)

        主格(8個):I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他(她、它)們

        賓格(8個):me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他(她、它)們

        六:句型專項歸類

        1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,

        如:I'm a student.

        She is a doctor.

        He works in a hospital.

        There are four fans in our classroom.

        2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,

        如:I'm not a student.

        He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital.

        There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.

        ☆注意☆ 小結(jié):

        否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 "not".有動詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開寫.沒有動詞be的句子則要先在主要動詞的前面加上一個助動詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個助動詞要根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時,不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .

        3,一般疑問句:是指詢問事實的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答.

        如:Are you a student ?Yes, I am No, I'm not.

        Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. No, she isn't.

        Does he work in a hospital ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

        Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

        ☆注意☆ 小結(jié):

        一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上,

       ?、侔褎釉~be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標(biāo)點符號變成問號即可.

       ?、跊]有動詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個助動詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點符號變成問號即可.

        這三個助動詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時,不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .一般疑問句有個重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的第一個單詞(助動詞)和簡略答句里的這個詞是一致的.

        4,特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子.此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來回答.如:

        What is this?

        Where are you going?

        Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?

        When do you usually get up?

        Why do you like spring best ?

        How are you?

        ☆注意☆ 小結(jié):

        其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,如: how many(多少(數(shù)量)), how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)

        例句:How many pencils do you have ?

        How many girls can you see ?

        how many 用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,主要有以上三種搭配,

        How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + do you have 你有多少……

        How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + can you see 你能看見多少……

        How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there… 有多少……

        七:完全,縮略形式

        1、簡縮形式的變法:把倒數(shù)第二個字母,通常是元音字母變成' 但are除外,are要把a打成' 。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're

        2、簡縮形式和完全形式的漢語意思相同。

        3、把完全形式變成簡縮形式時,一定要注意第一個字母的大小變化。Eg:What is =What's

        4、記住一個特殊變化;let's =let us 讓我們(不要把' 變成i)

        5、記住:this is 沒有簡縮形式this's(錯誤)

        6.常見的縮略形式:

        I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is

        they're=they are you're=you are

        there's=there is they're=they are

        can't=can not don't=do not

        doesn't=does not isn't=is not

        aren't=are not let's=let us

        won't=will not I'll=I will

        wasn't=was not

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