初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)去完成時(shí)練習(xí)
初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)去完成時(shí)練習(xí)
去完成時(shí)(The Past Perfect Tense)：表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，對(duì)過(guò)去的某一點(diǎn)造成的某種影響或是結(jié)果，接下來(lái)小編為大家介紹初一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，一起來(lái)看看吧!
初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)去完成時(shí)練習(xí)
一、概念：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即"過(guò)去的過(guò)去( past-in-the-past )"。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->
那時(shí)以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在
二、常搭配的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before, by the end of last year(term, month„),etc.
三、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(done). (had通用于各種人稱)
否定形式：had + not + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞done.
一般疑問(wèn)句：had放于句首。
例句：She said she had never been to Paris. 她說(shuō)她從未去過(guò)巴黎。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缇团芰恕?/p>
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年，愛(ài)迪生開(kāi)始自己謀生。
四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù)
1. 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定
一般說(shuō)來(lái)，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：
( 1 ) by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2. 由"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"來(lái)判定。
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"，是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：
( 1 )賓語(yǔ)從句中
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
She said that she had seen the film before.
( 2 )狀語(yǔ)從句中
在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意： before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
( 3 )表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3. 根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
五、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主要用法
1. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"。如：
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒來(lái)時(shí)，雨已經(jīng)停了。(主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在"過(guò)去的過(guò)去")
2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的是"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"，只有和過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才使用它。如：
He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 發(fā)生在 told 之前 )
3. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)需要與一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，它不能離開(kāi)過(guò)去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多與 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等時(shí)間副詞及 by ， before ， until等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。
如：Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
4. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間，而且動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。
By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.
( had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能)
六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為"助動(dòng)詞 have (has) + 過(guò)去分詞";過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"，只有和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。試比較：
I have learned 1000 English words so far
到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.
到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。
- I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。
- Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.
沒(méi)什么，我只等了幾分鐘。("等"的動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)
- John returned home yesterday. 約翰昨天回到家的。
- Where had he been?
他去哪兒了?(答語(yǔ)中使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)是指約翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即"過(guò)去的過(guò)去")
七、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同：過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)"過(guò)去的過(guò)去";而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間。試比較：
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2. 在沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷：先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
3. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用 and 或 but 連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí);另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
I (had) called her before I left the office.
特殊用法：過(guò)去完成時(shí)用法之表未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法
過(guò)去完成時(shí)可表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法和打算，通常連用的動(dòng)詞是 want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose 等：
I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想來(lái)，但有事就沒(méi)有來(lái)。
I had intended to speak, but time did not permit. 我本想發(fā)言，但時(shí)間不允許。
We had hoped that you would come to see us, but you didn’t. 我們本想你來(lái)看我們的，但你沒(méi)有來(lái)。
練習(xí)：
1. 單項(xiàng)選擇
1.He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.
A. where I had been B. where I had gone
C. where had I been D. where had I gone
2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done
3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt
4. She ______lived here for ______ years.
A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of
5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
6. She said she __________ the principle already
A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen
7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.
A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from
C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with
8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.
A. has completed university B. has completed the university
B. had completed an university D. had completed university
9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.
A. for B. in C. by D. at
10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano
C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.
11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?
A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done
12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.
A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work
13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.
A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed
14. Ben hates playing _____ violin, but he likes playing ____ football.
A. a…the B. the… the C. / …the D. the…/
15. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words.
A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns
16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom.
A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left
17.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living
18. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago.
A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived
19. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned
20. Fergie_______ the project in one hour.
A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished
21. The man ________ his coat and went out.
A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on
22 My mother______ in that factory at the age of 18.
A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works
23. Dad ________ while he _______ TV.
A .fell asleep…watch B. was falling asleep…watched
C. fell asleep……was watching D. had fallen asleep…watched
2.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).
3. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______ (arrive).
4. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.
5. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.
6. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.
7. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.
8. When the chairman ____________ (finish) speaking, he __________ (leave)the hall.
9.When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave).
10..We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
11. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)
12. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.
13. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.
14. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.
初一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法
1、養(yǎng)成良好的預(yù)習(xí)習(xí)慣
課前預(yù)習(xí)是獨(dú)立獲得知識(shí)的前提，也是提高聽(tīng)課效率的可靠保證。預(yù)習(xí)能減少聽(tīng)課的盲目性，激發(fā)你的求知欲望。預(yù)習(xí)可使自己初步熟悉教材，發(fā)現(xiàn)疑點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，找出自己的薄弱點(diǎn)，為下一步聽(tīng)講作好充分的思想準(zhǔn)備，并打下一定的基礎(chǔ)。
如何進(jìn)行預(yù)習(xí)：
1) 找出該單元的中心話題，即該單元的中心內(nèi)容。
2)明確本單元的知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：如語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目、句型及詞匯，
3) 找出本單元的疑、難點(diǎn)。凡是在本單元出現(xiàn)而自己無(wú)法解決的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，即是重點(diǎn)，也可以說(shuō)是難點(diǎn)。預(yù)習(xí)時(shí)，在書上作記號(hào)，標(biāo)明重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)、疑點(diǎn)，并在筆記本上做好記錄，注明本單元的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)、重、難點(diǎn)和預(yù)習(xí)體會(huì)等。
2、養(yǎng)成課堂上記筆記、積極發(fā)言、大膽回答問(wèn)題的習(xí)慣
學(xué)生在課堂上認(rèn)真聽(tīng)講，注意力高度集中，不開(kāi)小差;保持強(qiáng)烈的求知欲，積極思考老師提出的問(wèn)題，踴躍發(fā)言，努力解決在預(yù)習(xí)中存在的問(wèn)題，并作好課堂筆記，重點(diǎn)突出，難點(diǎn)醒目，疑點(diǎn)鮮明。以便復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)可以查閱。努力在課內(nèi)有目標(biāo)有意識(shí)地去識(shí)記該課的生詞、短語(yǔ)、句型、重點(diǎn)句子。然后要注意一些語(yǔ)言在特定環(huán)境中的運(yùn)用，特別是習(xí)慣表達(dá)法的運(yùn)用。在運(yùn)用中，要主動(dòng)地用英語(yǔ)回答、討論和提出問(wèn)題，并注意角色扮演或做游戲等活動(dòng)。初中生的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)主要還是從課堂上獲得。
教師起的只是導(dǎo)演作用，關(guān)鍵是需要學(xué)生作為演員，積極投入，在參與的過(guò)程中提高聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫能力和語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。因此，學(xué)生養(yǎng)成良好的聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫訓(xùn)練習(xí)慣尤為重要，這是向課堂四十五分鐘要質(zhì)量的根本保證。有一小部分的學(xué)生怕害羞、怕出差錯(cuò)，不敢開(kāi)口講，這會(huì)給初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)帶來(lái)不利。俗話說(shuō)：沒(méi)有缺點(diǎn)，就不會(huì)進(jìn)步。學(xué)生應(yīng)該注意模仿并主動(dòng)與教師配合，做一名好演員。
不要怕出錯(cuò)，今天說(shuō)不好，不代表明天說(shuō)不好;今天說(shuō)得少，明天說(shuō)得多，就是進(jìn)步;別人這樣表達(dá)，你能那樣表達(dá)，你就有了創(chuàng)新。只有大膽實(shí)踐、體會(huì)，才能得到鞏固提高。
3、養(yǎng)成朗讀背誦英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣
英語(yǔ)是一門有聲語(yǔ)言。學(xué)英語(yǔ)就要背誦，尤其是我們?cè)谀刚Z(yǔ)環(huán)境下學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，首先要過(guò)好語(yǔ)音關(guān)。聽(tīng)清楚了再發(fā)音，繼而進(jìn)行朗讀、背誦?！白x書百遍，其義自見(jiàn)”就是其道理所在。在讀、背的過(guò)程中，可以做到詞不離句，句不離文，不知不覺(jué)間增強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)感，記牢了單詞、短語(yǔ)和句型，同時(shí)也培養(yǎng)了理解能力，其實(shí)朗讀背誦是學(xué)生記單詞的最佳途徑。因此，學(xué)過(guò)的句型、對(duì)話和課文要求學(xué)生朗讀和背誦，這是提高英語(yǔ)水平的根本保證。
初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)去完成時(shí)練習(xí)相關(guān)文章：
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