PEP小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)講解——時(shí)態(tài)
PEP小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)講解——時(shí)態(tài)
很多自覺(jué)英語(yǔ)不好的同學(xué)可能都有一個(gè)困惑，就是英語(yǔ)學(xué)了很多年，卻從來(lái)沒(méi)有系統(tǒng)地學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)語(yǔ)法，語(yǔ)法不懂，考試發(fā)懵。小編在這里整理了相關(guān)知識(shí)，快來(lái)看看吧!
PEP小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)講解——時(shí)態(tài)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能
1. 表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue. 天空是藍(lán)色的。
2. 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。
3. 表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成
1. be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：
肯定句：She is a teacher.
否定句：She is not a teacher.
一般疑問(wèn)句： Is she a teacher?
2. 行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：
We study English.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he,she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。
Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。
行為動(dòng)詞的變化
否定句：主語(yǔ)+don't(doesn't)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：
I don't like bread.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：
He doesn't work hard.
一般疑問(wèn)句：Do(Does)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：
-Do you often play football?
-Yes,I do./No,I don't.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如：
-Does she go to work by bike?
-Yes,she does./No,she doesn't.
特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：How does your father go to work?
動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1. 一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks
2. 以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes
3. 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：study-studies
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.
3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。
4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。
5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：
疑問(wèn)詞 + be + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞ing?
但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：
疑問(wèn)詞 + be + 動(dòng)詞ing? 如：Who is singing in the room?
動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, swim-swimming
三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)
1. 概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be going to + do; ②will+ do.
3. 否定句：在be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are)l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t。
例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
4. 一般疑問(wèn)句： be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。
例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
5. 對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)。一般情況，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種情況。
①.問(wèn)人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
②.問(wèn)干什么。What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this
afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon?
?、?問(wèn)什么時(shí)候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?
四、一般過(guò)去時(shí)
1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
2. be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：
⑴am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t)
⑵are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t)
⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。
3. 句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子
否定句：didn’t +動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑問(wèn)句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。 如：Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑問(wèn)句：
?、乓蓡?wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形? 如：What did Jim do yesterday?
?、埔蓡?wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式? 如：Who went home yesterday?
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：
1. 一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2. 結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3. 末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4. 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
5. 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：
am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
習(xí)題講解
1.David _________making model ships, but Mike doesn’t.
A: like B:likes C: is like
解析：正確答案B。這里是like的用法，因?yàn)镈avid是第三人稱故A排除，C中is like 表示像什么，根據(jù)句意本題應(yīng)該是David喜歡做模型船。
2.---What are you going to do next week?
---I___________in the sea.
A:am going to swim B:am swimming C:swim
解析：正確答案是A。問(wèn)題里面的next week表示將來(lái)時(shí)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)將來(lái)時(shí)應(yīng)該用be going to do，故選A。
成語(yǔ)雙語(yǔ)故事：指鹿為馬
call black white (and white black)
指鹿為馬
In Qin dynasty， there was a powerful and evil counselor named Zhao Gao.
在秦朝，有個(gè)很得勢(shì)的奸臣叫趙高。
Zhao Gao wanted to rebel， but he didn‘t know how many people in the court would stand by his side.
趙高想造反，但是又不知道群臣中有多少人會(huì)支持他。
So he worked out a way to test the people.
于是他想了個(gè)辦法來(lái)測(cè)試。
He presented a deer as a tribute to the emperor in front of the court， and said that it was a swift horse.
他在群臣面前送了一頭鹿給皇上，并說(shuō)這是一匹千里馬。
The emperor not accepting his statement said， “This is obviously a deer.”
皇上不信，說(shuō)“這明明是鹿啊?！?/p>
Then， Zhao Gao took this opportunity to ask the court， “Is this a deer or a horse?”
然后趙高借機(jī)問(wèn)各位大臣，“這是鹿還是馬?”
In the court， those who didn’t dare to go against Zhao Gao agreed with him and said that it was a horse， those who dared to go against Zhao Gao said that it was a deer.
在大臣中，不敢反抗趙高的都贊同說(shuō)是馬，敢于反對(duì)趙高的說(shuō)是鹿。
Later， Zhao Gao remembered the counselors who didn‘t agree with him and persecuted them to solidify his power.
后來(lái)，趙高記住了這些反對(duì)他的人并加以迫害，以鞏固自己的勢(shì)力。
This story is still popular even today. People use this idiom to describe someone who calls white black.
這個(gè)故事流傳至今，人們用這個(gè)成語(yǔ)來(lái)形容一個(gè)人顛倒黑白。
英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)“指鹿為馬”意思的短語(yǔ)可以用“call black white (and white black)”，意思也就是“把黑的當(dāng)白的，把白的當(dāng)作黑的”，這樣也就是顛倒是非啦~
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