pep小升初英語考試重點全在這兒了
pep小升初英語考試重點全在這兒了
小升初英語該怎么復習?相比這個難題難倒了不少家長,今天先生我整理一份小升初英語復習重點,來幫助大家復習英語!小編在這里整理了相關知識,快來看看吧!
pep小升初英語考試重點全在這兒了
小升初英語復習重點
第一部分:48個國際音標教學(學會根據(jù)音標讀單詞)
1、語音:元音的發(fā)音
五個元音字母:AEIOU
12個單元音:長元音:/ɑ:/,/ɔ:/,/ə:/, /i:/,/u:/
短元音:/æ/ /e/ /i/ / ɔ / /∧/ /u/ /ə/
2、詞匯:詞匯量,近反義詞 3、句子:大小寫,標點符號
第二部分:語法知識
一、名詞:名詞單復數(shù),名詞的格
(一)名詞單復數(shù)
1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x.sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù):
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名詞的格
(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:
a)單數(shù)后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b)以s 結尾的復數(shù)名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c)不以s 結尾的復數(shù)后加’s children’s shoes
l 并列名詞中,如果把 ’s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共有,如:
Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
l 要表示所有物不是共有的,應分別在并列名詞后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
(2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關系:
如:a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠詞:不定冠詞,定冠詞種類:
(1)不定冠詞:a /an a unit / an uncle
元音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an:
an egg / an apple/ an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor /an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / anhouran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / anart lesson /
(2)定冠詞:the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠詞的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
(2)復述上文提到的人或物:Hehas a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)談話雙方都知道的人或物:Theboys aren’t at school.
(4)在序數(shù)詞前:John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定詞組中:in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠詞的情況:
(1)專有名詞前:Chinais a big country.
(2)名詞前有定語:this, that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
(3)復數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeyscan’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. It’sSunday.
(5)一日三餐前:Wehave breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球類棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chessat home.
* 但樂器前要用定冠詞:Iplay the guitar very well.
(7)學科名稱前:Myfavorite subject is music.
(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:Thisis Mr Li.
(9)固定詞組中:atnoon at night by bus
三、代詞:人稱代詞,物主代詞
主格 | 賓格 | |||
第一 | 單數(shù) | I(我) | me | my(我的) |
復數(shù) | we(我們) | us | our(我們的) | |
第二 | 單數(shù) | you(你) | you | your(你的) |
人稱 | 復數(shù) | you(你們) | you | your(你們的) |
第三 | 單數(shù) | he(他) | him | his(他的) |
she(她) | her | her(她的) | ||
it(它) | it | its(它的) | ||
復數(shù) | they(他們/她們/它們) | them | their(他們的/她們的/它們的) |
四、形容詞,副詞:比較級,最高級
(一)、形容詞的比較級
1、形容詞比較級在句子中的運用:兩個事物或人的比較用比較級,比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more,a little來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。
2.形容詞加er的規(guī)則:
?、乓话阍谠~尾加er ;
⑵以字母e 結尾,加r ;
?、且砸粋€元音字母和一個輔音字母結尾,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er ;
?、纫浴拜o音字母+y”結尾,先把y變i,再加er 。
3.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副詞的比較級
1.形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形,有形用be;有動用副,有副用動)
⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后
?、聘痹~在句子中最常見的是處于實義動詞之后
2.副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同 (不規(guī)則變化:well-better,far-farther)
五、數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞
(一)基數(shù)詞
(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99 先說“幾十”,再說“幾”,中間加連字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先說“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);
586→fivehundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4)l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個“,”,第一個“,”前為thousand.第二個“,”前為million,第三個“,”前為billion
1,001→one thousandand one
18,423→eighteenthousand,fourhundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→sixmillion two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→sevenhundred and fifty billion
(二)序數(shù)詞
(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不規(guī)則變化
one →first,two →second,three →third,five →fifth,eight →eighth,nine →ninth,twelve—twelfth
(3)以y結尾的十位整數(shù),變y為ie再加th
twenty →twentieth, forty →fortieth, ninety→ ninetieth
(4)從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。
twenty-first,twohundred and forty-fifth
基數(shù)詞轉為序數(shù)詞的口訣:
基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty將y變成i,th前面有個e.
若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來后用序。
六、介詞:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示時間概念的某一個點。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。
??at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點鐘(黎明、午夜、中午) ??
2.on
1)表示具體日期。
注:(1)關于"在周末"的幾種表示法:
??at(on)the weekend?在周末---特指
??at(on)weekends?在周末---泛指
??over the weekend?在整個周末
??during the weekend?在周末期間
? (2)在圣誕節(jié),應說at Christmas而不說on Christmas
2)在(剛……)的時候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。
3.in
1)表示"時段"、"時期",在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,前者強調(diào)對比,后者強調(diào)持續(xù)。in(during)1988(December,the 20thcentury)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀)
七、動詞:動詞的四種時態(tài):
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時:
一般現(xiàn)在時的構成
1. be動詞:主語+be(am,is, are)+其它。如: I am aboy. 我是一個男孩。
2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如: We study English. 我們學習英語。
當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he,she, it)時,要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Marylikes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
動詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks
2.以s. x.sh. ch. o結尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一般過去時:
動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的構成規(guī)則有:
A、規(guī)則動詞
① 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
?、凇∫詄結尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry –worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
④ 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have –had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read –read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say –said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came, lose – lost , find – found , drink –drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般將來時:
基本結構: ①be going to + do;
?、趙ill+ do. be going to = will
Iam going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will goswimming tomorrow.
(4)現(xiàn)在進行時: am,is,are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞
動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構成規(guī)則:
?、?一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
②以e 結尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having ,writing
③雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
第三部分:句法
1.陳述句
(1)肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are fourfans in our classroom. He will eatlunch at 12:00. I watched TVyesterday evening.
(2)、否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work ina hospital. There are not(aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t)eat lunch at 12:00. I did not(didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
2. 疑問句
一般疑問句:是指詢問事實的句子,此類句子必須用“yes”,或“no”來回答。
特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what ,where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導的句子。此類句子應該問什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”來回答。
3.There be句型
There be 句型與have, has的區(qū)別
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主語是單數(shù),be動詞用is ; 主語是復數(shù),be 動詞用are ; 如有幾件物品,be 動詞根據(jù)最*近be 動詞的那個名詞決定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 動詞后加not , 一般疑問句把be 動詞調(diào)到句首。
4、there be句型與have(has)的區(qū)別:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人擁有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的運用:some用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑問句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的運用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑問句。
7、針對數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結構是:
How many + 名詞復數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語?
How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語?
8、針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結構是:
What’s + 介詞短語?
第三部分:情景交際
1、同學之間互相打招呼時可以說:( ) A.Hello! B. Goodbye!
2、向別人作自我介紹時說:( ) A. I’mSarah. B. Hello!
3、家里來了客人,要禮貌地說:( ) A. What’syour name? B. Welcome!
4、老師問你的名字,你回答:( ) A.What’s your name? B. My name isChen Jie.
5、早上見到老師可以說:( ) A.Good morning! B. Good afternoon!
6、當你的同學把他的兄弟John介紹給你認識時,你對John說:( )
A. This isJohn. B. Nice to meet you.
7、你想把你的好朋友Mike介紹給你媽媽時可以說:( ) A. This isMike. B. Hi! Mike
8、你想邀請你的同學和你一起去上學,你說:( )A. This is my school. B. Let’s go to school.
9、問候你的朋友可以說:( ) A.How are you? B. Nice tomeet you.
10、別人對你說:How are you?時,你回答說:( ) A. Fine, thank you. B. I’m nine.
11、你想知道新同學的名字,可以問他:( ) A. What’syour name? B. Welcome!
12、想跟人家道別,可以說:( ) A. Welcome! B. Goodbye.
13、問別人的紅鉛筆在哪,應該說:( )A. Where is your red pencil? B. Where is your black pencil?
14、別人幫你的忙,你應該說:( ) A. Thankyou! B. You’re welcome.
15、別人向你道謝,你應該說:( ) A. Thankyou! B. You’re welcome.
16、你想告訴別人你喜歡紅色時,你說:( ) A. I likegreen. B. I like red.
17、請別人看你時,你說:( ) A. This is me. B. Look at me.
18、你的同學向你提議一起去上學,你同意了說:( ) A. Hi! B. OK!
19、人家問Where is your book?你指著書說:( ) A. This is my book. B. Here it is.
20、Mike對你說“ I like white” 你也喜歡,你可以說:( )A. Me too. B. This is white.
21、你想告訴別人你有一個黑色的書包,你說:( ) A. This is ablack bag. B. I have a black bag.
22、你想知道對方是誰,可以問:( ) A. How are you? B. Who are you?
23、老師在教新單詞,要求同學們認真觀察他的口型時說:( ) A. Look at myeye. B. Look at my mouth.
24、要邀請別人喝牛奶,可以說:( ) A.Have some milk! B. I likemilk.
25、Mike想吃漢堡包,你拿給他時說:( ) A. Can Ihave a hamburger? B. Here youare.
26、向媽媽表示自己想喝果汁時說:( ) A. Havesome juice, please. B. Can Ihave some juice?
27、別人請你吃東西,你不想吃了說:( ) A. Yes, thankyou. B. No, thank you.
28、請別人把他的玩具熊給你看時說:( ) A. Show meyour Teddy Bear. B. Where is your Teddy Bear?
29、想看別人的東西時問:( ) A.May I have a look? B. Howold are you?
30、中國的國旗顏色是:( ) A.Red B. Red and yellow.
31、美國的國旗顏色是:( ) A. Redand blue. B. Red, blueand white
32、下列單詞哪個在身體的最下部:( ) A. arm B. foot C. leg
33、你想知道對方年齡可以問:( ) A. How are you? B. How old are you?
34、教師節(jié)到了,你對老師說:( ) A. Happybirthday! B. Happy Teacher’s Day!
35、你把一個蛋糕送給Mike說:( ) A. This isfor you. B. Have some cakes.
36、你想問人家有幾本書,說:( ) A. Howmany books? B Howold are you?
37、想告訴別人你的幸運號碼是6時,說:( )A. My lucky number is five. B. My lucky number is six.
38、當你打電話給別人,電話接通后,你應對接聽電話的人說:
( )A. May I speak to…, please? B.Is it …. speaking?
39、如果你想問是誰在接聽電話,應說:( ) A. Is that…speaking? B. Are you….?
40、如果在電話里你想告訴對方你是誰,應說:( ) A. I’m… B. This is …. speaking.
41、如果有人打錯電話,你應說:( ) A. Sorry,wrong number. B. Sorry, you are wrong.
42、如果你想詢問別人的病情,你可以說:( )
A. How do you feelnow? B. What’s the matter with you? C.How about you?
43、如果你想詢問別人在某段時間里通常會做什么事情,你應說:( )
A. What do youusually do on… B. What are youdoing on….
C. What would youlike to do on…
44、當你不認識去車站的路是,可以問:( )
A. How can I getto the bus stop? B. Do you know theway to the bus stop?
C. Can you tell methe way to the bus stop?
45、假如有人問路,而你不知道,可以說:( )
A. It’s overthere, I think. B. Go andask the policeman.
C. Sorry, I don’tknow. You man go and ask the policeman.
46、有人到你學校參觀,你表示歡迎,可以說:( )
A. Welcome to ourschool. B. Welcome back toschool. C. This is our school.
47、當你想請別人照看一下你的朋友時,可以說:( )
A. Come and helpme, please. B. Please look at my friend. C. Could you please look after my friend?
48、當你想知道橡皮放在哪兒,問:( )
A. Where is theeraser? B. Where is the pen? C. Where is it from?
49、當你提醒小明不要在房間玩球時,說:( )
A. Don’t read inbed, Xiao Ming. B.Don’t be late for school, Xiao Ming.
C. Don’t play ballin the room, Xiao Ming.
50、當你想知道別人能看見幾輛汽車時,問:( )
A. How much is thecar? B. How many cars can you see? C. I can see five cars.
成語雙語故事:南轅北轍
run in opposite directions
南轅北轍
Once a man went to the south, but his carriage was heading north.
一次一個人想往南走,但是他的馬車卻是朝北走的。
A passer-by asked him: “If you are going to the south, why is your carriage heading north?”
一個過路人問他:“如果你想往南走,為什么你的馬車卻朝北走呢?”
The man said, “My horse is good at running, my driver is highly skilled at driving a carriage, and I am rich.”
這個人說:“我的馬很能跑,我的車夫善于趕車,我又很富有,所以不在乎?!?/p>
The man didn‘t care the direction might be wrong; the better his conditions were, the further he was far away from his destination.
這個人根本沒有考慮到行進的方向也許錯了;他的條件越好,反而會離目的地越遠。
This idiom came from this story tells that one’s action was the opposite effect to one‘s intention.
這個成語比喻行動和目的正好相反。
英文中若要表達“南轅北轍”的意思,可以用短語“run in opposite directions”,也就是“朝著相反的方向跑”,翻譯美化一下就是“南轅北轍”或者“背道而馳”的意思了。
我們來一起看一個例句:
They wouldn’t win at the end because they ran in opposite directions.
因為他們早已南轅北轍了,所以根本不可能贏。
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