小學(xué)英語期末復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)匯總

　　一、語法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

　　1. a, an的選擇: 元音字母開頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開頭的單詞用a.

　　2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.

　　3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I ,you 用 have .

　　4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.

　　5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any.

　　6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰) where (哪里) whose (誰的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)

　　二:形容詞比較級(jí)

　　當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí),需要用到比較級(jí).比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:

　　什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:

　　I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)

　　An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)

　　形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來的,它的變化規(guī)則是:

　?、?一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,

　?、?以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,

　　③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier

　?、?雙寫最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter

　　☆注意☆

　　比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西.

　　典型錯(cuò)誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng).)

　　比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā),你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對(duì)象就沒有可比性.

　　應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.

　　三:動(dòng)詞過去式

　　動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:

　　A,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞

　?、?一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

　?、?以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

　　③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)

　?、?雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped

　　B,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,

　　are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt

　　四:動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:

　?、?一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

　?、?以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

　　③ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

　　五、小學(xué)英語人稱代詞主格及賓格

　　人稱代詞分為主格和賓格，主格和賓格區(qū)別：主格和賓格漢語意思相同，但位置不同。

　　Eg:I(主格)"我"-- me (賓格)"我"

　　主格在陳述句中通常放句首，賓格通常放在動(dòng)詞后或介詞后，也就是說賓格，不放在句首。

　　Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)

　　Excuse me (me 賓格)

　　I ask him to go (him 賓格)

　　They sit in front of me (me 賓格)

　　主格(8個(gè))：I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他(她、它)們

　　賓格(8個(gè))：me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他(她、它)們

　　六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類

　　1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,

　　如:I'm a student.

　　She is a doctor.

　　He works in a hospital.

　　There are four fans in our classroom.

　　2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,

　　如:I'm not a student.

　　He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital.

　　There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.

　　☆注意☆ 小結(jié):

　　否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 "not".有動(dòng)詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開寫.沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .

　　3,一般疑問句:是指詢問事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答.

　　如:Are you a student ?Yes, I am \ No, I'm not.

　　Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. \ No, she isn't.

　　Does he work in a hospital ?\Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

　　Did you watch TV yesterday evening?\ Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

　　☆注意☆ 小結(jié):

　　一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上,

　?、侔褎?dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可.

　　②沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可.

　　這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .一般疑問句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動(dòng)詞)和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的.

　　4,特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子.此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來回答.如:

　　What is this?

　　Where are you going?

　　Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?

　　When do you usually get up?

　　Why do you like spring best ?

　　How are you?

　　☆注意☆ 小結(jié):

　　其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,如: how many(多少(數(shù)量)), how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長(zhǎng)), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)

　　例句:How many pencils do you have ?

　　How many girls can you see ?

　　how many 用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,主要有以上三種搭配,

　　How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + do you have 你有多少……

　　How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + can you see 你能看見多少……

　　How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there… 有多少……

　　七:完全,縮略形式:

　　1、簡(jiǎn)縮形式的變法：把倒數(shù)第二個(gè)字母，通常是元音字母變成' 但are除外，are要把a(bǔ)打成' 。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're

　　2、簡(jiǎn)縮形式和完全形式的漢語意思相同。

　　3、把完全形式變成簡(jiǎn)縮形式時(shí)，一定要注意第一個(gè)字母的大小變化。Eg:What is =What's

　　4、記住一個(gè)特殊變化;let's =let us 讓我們(不要把' 變成i) 5、記?。簍hisis 沒有簡(jiǎn)縮形式this's(錯(cuò)誤)

　　5.常見的縮略形式：

　　I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they

　　are you're=you are there's=there is they're=they are

　　can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not

　　isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us

　　won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was not

　　【(公眾號(hào)：英語教學(xué))】

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