英語中副詞的基本用法有哪些(3)
英語中副詞的基本用法有哪些
英語中副詞的基本用法:副詞的位置
英語的詞序是相對固定的,但是,副詞在句中的位置卻比較自由和靈活。一般來說,英語的副詞有三種位置,即前位、中位和后位。
6.3A 前位:副詞的前位是指把副詞放在句首位置。副詞前位的情況有
1) 在故事的開端
Once upon a time there were six blind men who lived in a village in India.
從前,有六個瞎子住在印度的一個村子里。
Many many years ago there lived a king. 很久很久以前,有一個國王。
2) 為了強調或進行對比
Quickly he ran towards school and again he was late.
他迅速向學校跑去,但又遲到了。
3)為了平衡句子
Under the tree over there sat a group of foreigners.
在那邊的樹下坐著一群外國人。
Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened and closed, and lesson repeated at the top of the children's voices could be heard out in the street.
平常,在開始上課時,在街上就可以聽見書桌的開關聲音和孩子們高聲念書的聲音。
4)在倒裝句中
Away flew the bird. 鳥飛走了。
Seldom did he go to the cinema years ago. 幾年前,他很少去看電影。
Only in this way can we work out the problem.
只有用這種方法,我們才能算出這道題。
(5)在感嘆句和特殊疑問句中
How quickly time has gone by! 時間過得多快啊!
How well do you understand this lesson? 對這篇課文你能理解多少?
6.3B 中位:副詞的中位是指把副詞放在謂語動詞前后的位置。副詞中位的情況有
1)位于行為動詞前
Hibernating animals hardly make any movement. 冬眠的動物幾乎沒有運動。
Do you always go to work without breakfast? 你經常不吃早飯就去上班嗎?
2)位于連系動詞和第一助詞后
The guest is still in your office, waiting for you.
客人還在你辦公室里等你呢。
He has often been told to do such a thing. 他經常被差遣干這種事。
3)位于非謂語形式前(通常有否定副詞not和never)
The pupil promised never to play truant again. 那個小學生保證再也不逃學了。
I regret not being able to help you. 我遺憾沒能幫助你。
4)在答句中,助動詞單獨用來替代完全的謂語時,位于助動詞前
”Do you believe in him?"--"I never have and I never will.“
“你信任他嗎?”—“我從未信任過他,我永遠也不會信任他的。”
6.3C 后位:副詞的后位是指把副詞放在句尾位置。副詞后位的情況有
1)位于不及物動詞后
The girl reads clearly and correctly. 這個女孩子念得又清楚又正確。
2)位于及物動詞的賓語后
I'll look the word up in the dictionary. 我將在詞典里查這個詞。
Can you finish the work today? 你們今天能完成這項工作嗎?
注:(1)有時一個句子中會出現多個副詞或副詞詞組,它們的詞序應該是:方式副詞→地點副詞→時間副詞。如:
They played the game wonderfully here last night.
昨晚他們在這兒打得非常精彩。
如果謂語動詞是表示方位性的,它們的詞序則是:地點副詞→方式副詞→時間副詞。如:
He left home hurriedly on a rainy night.
在一個雨夜里,他匆匆地離開了家。
(2)有時副詞的位置變了,句子的意思也會起變化。這要根據說話人的意圖,正確地把握副詞的位置。試比試:
We carefully observed the teacher doing the experiment.
我們仔細觀察了老師做實驗?;颍何覀冇^察了老師細心地做實驗。
We observed the teacher carefully doing the experiment.
我們觀察了老師細心地做實驗。
I'll talk to him gladly. 我將與他高興地談一談。
Gladly I'll talk to his. 很高興,我將與他談一談。
英語中副詞的基本用法:各類副詞在句中的位置
6.3D 各類副詞在句中的位置:除了某些特殊的原因外,一般來說,副詞的位置也是相對固定的,各類副詞也有自己相應固定的位置。
1)時間副詞:時間副詞通常置于后位,但為了表示強調、對比、連接等,多數時間副詞也可以置于前位。
I will learn my lesson tomorrow. 我明天將學功課。
Today you saw the greatest man in the world. 今天你見到了世界上最偉大的人。
Finally he took up the grammar book and read us the lesson.
最后,他拿起語法書,給我們上語法課。
2)地點副詞:地點副詞通常置于后位,如遇到時間副詞,則置于時間副詞之前,但為了強調或語法上的需要,可以置于前位。
Don't play in the garden. 別在花園里玩耍。
He went nowhere this morning. 他上午什么地方也沒去。
At the bus stop I met Mr Yang who taught me English in senior school.
在汽車站,我遇見了高中時教我英語的楊老師。
表示位置關系的副詞經常與及物動詞構成動詞詞組,如果動詞的賓語是名詞,賓語可以放在副詞之前,也可以放在副詞之后;如果動詞的賓語是代詞,賓語只能放在副詞之前。
Shall I bring the guests in?
or: Shall I bring in the guests? 要帶客人進來嗎?
He pulled his cap off.
or: He pulled off his cap. 他脫下帽子。
試比較:
Shall I bring them in? (Right)
Shall I bring in them? (Wrong)
He threw it away. (Right)
He threw away it. (wrong)
3)方式副詞:方式副詞通常置于中位,放在它所修飾的動詞之后,如果謂語是及物動詞,則放在賓語之后。
He spoke slowly to his parents. 他慢吞吞地對父母說話。
The children read their lesson loudly. 孩子們高聲朗讀課文。
在“動詞+介詞+賓語”的結構中,方式副詞可以放在介詞之前,也可以放在賓語之后。
They looked sadly at the master. 他們都愁容滿面地望著老師。
Mr. Crossett looked at us curiously. 克羅塞特先生用好奇的目光打量著我們。
4)程度副詞:程度副詞通常置于中位,放在它所修飾的形容詞、副詞、動詞或介詞短語之前。
She was seriously ill. 她病得很重。
He played the violin fairly well. 他小提琴拉得相當好。
We'll wholly support you. 我們將全力支持你。
Lincoln was strongly against slavery. 林肯強烈反對奴隸制度。
副詞enough要放在它所修飾的形容詞、副詞之后。
The room is large enough for us three to live in.
這個房間供我們三人住是足夠大的了。
He didn't work hard enough. 他工作不夠勤奮。
5)頻度副詞:頻度副詞通常置于中位,放在它所修飾的動詞之前,如果謂語部分有情態(tài)動詞或助動詞,則放在情態(tài)動詞或第一助動詞之后。
He rarely writes to me. 他很少給我寫信。
You must always keep it in mind. 這一點你要常記在心。
Be careful! You have almost been knocked down. 當心!你差點被撞倒。
當句中的謂語是連系動詞be,頻度副詞應放在be之后
He is scarcely in time for meals. 他難得準時用餐。
有些頻度副詞的位置很靈活,可以置于前位,中位或后位。 如sometimes, only, regularly, occasionally, repeatedly, once, frequently等。試比較;
Sometimes we speak English at school.
We sometimes speak English at school.
We speak English at school sometimes.
有時候我們在學校講英語。
有幾個副詞如perhaps, only等,有時所放的位置不同,意思也有區(qū)別。試比較:
Only Mr Li met the mayor. 只有李先生遇見市長。
Mr Li only met the mayor. 李先生只遇見市長。
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