中考英語語法知識技巧
掌握中考英語語法知識,中考英語成績是差不到哪里去的。小編在此獻(xiàn)上英語語法使用技巧,希望對你有所幫助。
省略
I.要點
有時為了避免重復(fù),使語言簡練緊湊,在不損害結(jié)構(gòu)或引起誤解的原則下,往往省去一個或多個句子成分或詞語。
1、 固定習(xí)慣用詞。如:
No smoking! Thanks s lot!等。
2. 簡單句中的省略
(1) 口語中,一、二、三人稱的主語,有時還包括謂語都可以省略。如:(It is)Nice to see you!
(This is) Li Ming speaking.
(2) 所有格后的名詞如為住宅、商店、工礦、教堂等可以省略。如:
I'm going to visit Tom's (house).
I met him at the tailor's (shop).
(3) 兩個或兩個以上的動詞不定式并列在一起時,第一個不定式帶to,后面的不定式可省to.如: His job is to clean and mend the machine.
(4) 主(賓)語補足語中的to be常省略。He was considered (to be) the best student in the class.
(5) There be結(jié)構(gòu)中 there be可同時省略,或只省略there.如:(Is there) Anything wrong?
(6) 表示年齡的years old, 表示鐘點的o'clock, minute等常省略。如:What time is it now? It's ten (o'clock).
3從句中的省略
(1) 賓語從句,以which, when, where, how和why引起的賓語從句謂語與主句謂語如相同,可省略從句中全部謂語,甚至主語也可省略,僅保留wh-一詞。如:
He will come, but we don't know when (he will come).
He didn't come, I wondered why (he didn't come).
(2) 定語從句中可省略作賓語的關(guān)系代詞,如:
The man (whom) I saw in the street the other day is my teacher.
(3) 狀語從句,在時間、地點、讓步、方式、條件狀語從句中,從句主語與主句主語一致,或從句主語是it,則be動詞及其主語??墒÷浴H纾?/p>
I'll tell him that when (it is) possible.
I won't go there unless (I'm) invited.
II.例題
例1 A beam of light will not bend(彎曲)round corners unless____ to do so with the help of a reflecting device(反射裝置)。
A made B being made C having made D to be made
解析:該題正確答案為A。 unless后省略了it is. make sb (sth) do sth變成被動語態(tài)則為sth/ sb be made to do.
例2 While ____my homework, I heard a cry for help.
A do B did C doing D having done
解析:該題答案為C。該空處省略了I'm,相當(dāng)于while I'm doing my home work.如:While playing guitar, he is singing.
it 與there be的用法
要點
1、it的用法
(1)用作人稱代詞,代替前文提到的無生命的事物,動植物、嬰兒及指示代詞this, that,如,
I have a new pen. It is beautiful.
The Browns have a new baby. It's cute.
(2)用來表示時間、天氣、距離等,如,It's twelve o'clock now.
It's fine today.
(3)用作引導(dǎo)詞,代替由不定式,ing形式或從句表示的真正的主語或賓語,如,
It's no good telling him that.
It's necessary for you to do so.
(4)用在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中,構(gòu)成強調(diào)句式:It is/was +被強調(diào)部分+that/who/whom +句子其余部分,可強調(diào)除謂語以外的句子其他成分,如,
It was this morning that I saw him in the street.
It was I who saw him in the street this morning.
It was in the street that I saw him this morning.
It was him whom I saw in the street this morning.
2、there be句型
英語表示某時某處或某物時,常用there be句型,這是一種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),如,
There are a lot of students playing on the ground.
There is going to be a test this afternoon.
當(dāng)主語有兩個或兩個以上時,動詞be常和最近的那個主語取得一致,如,
There is a pen and three pencils in the pencil-box.
There isn't a desk, a bench and three chairs in the room.
There are lots of people like it, aren't there?
there be句型,謂語動詞除be之外,還可用其他表示存在,位置移動等意義的不及物動詞或詞組,如exist, stand, lie, enter, come, happen to be, appear to be等,如,
There stands a house at the foot of the hill.
there be句型表示"存在"而have表"有"、"擁有",所以there be中 be不能換成have,但當(dāng)have表示事物的特征時,可用"主語+have"結(jié)構(gòu)替換there be 句型,如:
There are five doors in the house.
The house has five doors.
there be 的其它句型:
1、There must be a meeting in the office.
2、There have been great changes since 1979.
3、There being no bus, we had to walk home.
I. 例題
例1 ____ that he went to sleep.
A It was until midnight B That was until midnight
C It was not until midnight D That was not until midnight
解析:該題答案為C。強調(diào)until結(jié)構(gòu)時,要將否定詞not移到until前。又如:He didn't leave until twelve 改為It was not until twelve that he left.
例2 There are a lot of students ____ in the class room.
A talk B talking C talked D to talk
解析:該題正確答案為B。 There be句型為倒裝句,可換為A lot of students are talking in the class room. 又如:There is a lot of noise heard out in the street.
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