敦煌莫高窟英文介紹怎么說(shuō)
莫高窟是世界上現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大、內(nèi)容最豐富的佛教藝術(shù)地。今天學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家?guī)?lái)中國(guó)旅游景點(diǎn)敦煌莫高窟英文介紹，歡迎大家閱讀!
敦煌莫高窟英文介紹
Mogao Grottoes is situated 25km southeast ofDunhuang city, Gansu province,in Daquan rivervalley at the foot of Echoing-sand Mountain facingSanwei Mountain.
莫高窟位于甘肅省敦煌市東南25公里處，在鳴沙山腳下的大泉河谷鐘，面朝三危山。
On the cliff face over 1 600m long from south tonorth 492 caves survived the time,various in size andclustered higher or lower all over the cliff.
在懸崖上從南到北1 600多米，492洞穴長(zhǎng)幸存下來(lái),規(guī)模不同，或高或低的聚集在懸崖上。
In the caves are vivid statues,elegant apsaras, amazing murals ,and exquisitely arranged lotusbricks, creating a holy world of Buddhism.
洞穴中是栩栩如生的雕像,優(yōu)雅的飛天,神奇的壁畫,和精巧安排的蓮花磚,創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)神圣的佛教的世界。
The first Mogao grottoes were carved in 366,and the carving went on through the followingdynasties of North Liang, North Wei, West Wei, North Zhou,Sui,Tang,Five Dynasties,Song,WestXia,and Yuan.
在366年雕刻了第一個(gè)莫高窟,雕刻在隨后的朝代中北梁北,西,北,隋、唐、五代、宋、夏西,元仍繼續(xù)著。
There remain by now over 45 000m2 murals and more than 2 400 statues,the tallest statueexceeding 30m and the largest mural covering about 50m2.
現(xiàn)在仍有45000多平方米的壁畫和超過(guò)2 400尊的雕像，最高的雕像超過(guò)30米,最大的壁畫有約50平方米。
These statues and murals constitute a mirror of China in the thousand years from the 4th tothe 14th century,reflecting the society, production, life, transportation, architecture, art,music, dance, customs, and religion of the people.
這些雕像和壁畫成了中國(guó)從4世紀(jì)到14世紀(jì)一千年的一面鏡子,反映了社會(huì)、生產(chǎn)、生活、交通、建筑、建筑、藝術(shù)、音樂(lè)、舞蹈、習(xí)俗和宗教信仰的人。
The artistic content of the grottoes is exceedingly rich as an integrated art ofarchitecture,sculpture and fresco,
石窟極其豐富的藝術(shù)內(nèi)容，集聚建筑,雕塑和壁畫藝術(shù),
reflecting not only the acceptance of Buddhism in Dunhuang area,but also the history andsociety as well as economy of the area,
不僅反映了敦煌地區(qū)接受佛教,也反映了這片區(qū)域的歷史、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì),
and providing a vivid illustration of the localization of Buddhism in China and the capacity ofChinese people in their absorbing and remodeling of foreign cultures.
并提供了一個(gè)佛教在中國(guó)本地化的生動(dòng)的插圖和中國(guó)人民的對(duì)外國(guó)文化的吸收和改造的能力。
These artistic creations of religion,grand in scale and stunning in number,
這些宗教藝術(shù)的創(chuàng)作,規(guī)模宏大,數(shù)量驚人,
provide the valuable data for the study of the social life,ethnic relation, and cross-cultureexchange in ancient China.
為研究中國(guó)古代社會(huì)生活,民族關(guān)系,和跨文化交流提供了有價(jià)值的數(shù)據(jù)。
In 1961 ,Mogao Grottoes was recognized by State Council as a key historical site under stateprotection,
1961年,莫高窟被國(guó)務(wù)院公布為第一批全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位,
and in 1987,UNESCO inscribed it on World Heritage List as a cultural heritage of the world
在1987年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織以世界文化遺產(chǎn)收錄在世界遺產(chǎn)名錄中。
敦煌莫高窟自然概況
Located on the eastern slope of Rattling Sand Mountain(Mingshashan) southeast of Dunhuang City in Gansu Province，the Mogao Grottoes(also known as Thousand Buddha Cave)is one of three noted grottoes in China and also the largest，best preserved and ,richest treasure house of Buddhist art in the world.
莫高窟也稱干佛洞，位十甘肅省敦熄市東南鳴沙山的東麓。莫高窟是中國(guó)三大名窟之一，也是世界上現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大、保存最完好、內(nèi)容最豐富的佛教藝術(shù)地。
In AD 366，during the Eastern Jin Dynasty，a monk named Yue Seng chiseled the first cave here. The endeavor continued through later dynasties，including the Northern Wei(386一534)，Western Wei(535一556)，Northern Zhou(557一581)，Sui(581一618)，Tang (618一907)，F(xiàn)ive Dynasties ( 907一960 )，Song (960-1279 )，Western Xia(1038一1227)and Yuan(1279一1368)，resulting in the fantastic group of caves that can been seen today.
公元366年，在東晉時(shí)期，一位名叫樂(lè)傅的僧人在這里開鑿了第一個(gè)洞窟。開鑿活動(dòng)持續(xù)了隨后的幾個(gè)王朝，包括北魏(386一534 ) ,西魏(535一556 )，北周(557一581 )，隋(581一618)，唐( 618一907 )，五代(907一960 )，宋( 960—1279 )，西夏(1038一1227)和元(1279一1368)，最終形成了今日所看到的宏偉洞窟群。
Today，492 caves still stand，containing some 2 100 colored statues and 45 000 square meters of murals. These murals ，if joined together，would cover a length of 30 kilometers.The caves vary in size The smallest one just allows a head's space，while the largest one stretches from the foot to the top of the mountain，having a height of over 40 meters. The colored statues also differ in size，ranging from a few centimeters to 33 meters high，embodying the remarkable imagination of their makers.
莫高窟現(xiàn)存492個(gè)洞窟，洞窟內(nèi)存有2 100尊彩塑和大約45 000平方米壁畫如果把它們?nèi)考釉谝黄?，這些壁畫的長(zhǎng)度超過(guò)了30千米。這些洞窟大小各異，最小的只有人頭大小，而最大的則從山腳延伸到山頂，高度超過(guò)40米。彩塑也大小不同，高度從幾厘米到33米不等，充分展示了作者超凡的想象力。
Despite years of erosion，the murals are still brightly colored，with clear lines. Through pictures of different styles and schools drawn in different historical periods，they tell Buddhist stories and ways as well as life in the secular world. All these，plus a largest quantity of Buddhist sutras and relics kept in the caves have provided valuable material for a study of ancient China's politics , economy，and culture and arts。as well as its science and technology，military affairs， and religion，documenting national history as well as cultural exchanges between China and the world.
盡管歷經(jīng)一千多年的風(fēng)雨侵蝕，這些壁畫依然色彩鮮艷，線條清晰。不同時(shí)期各種風(fēng)格和教派的壁畫向我們講述了佛教故事以及當(dāng)年現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中人們的一此生話方式、這些壁畫連同大址的佛經(jīng)和佛教遺物一起，為我們研究古代中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、藝術(shù)、科學(xué)技術(shù)、軍事、宗教、歷史以及中國(guó)與外界的文化交往等都提供了大量的寶貴資料。
In 1987，UNESCO placed the Mogao Grottoes under the protection of the world cultural heritage list.
1987年，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織把莫高窟列入《世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》。
The architectural art of Mogao Grottoes is mainly noted for the format.The painted statues in Mogao Grottoes are basically themed on Buddhism figures and their pursuit for nirvana. The murals of Mogao Grottoes take up the largest proportion of grotto art creations and the subjects are also the most comprehensive，which is an exclusive feature to Longmen Grottoes and Yungang Grottoes，and upique in the world as well.If put together one after the other，the 45000㎡murals of Mogao Grottoes would extend as long as 25km. Western scholars remarked the murals as“a library on the wall".
莫高窟的建筑藝術(shù)主要是指i洞窟的形制。莫高窟的彩塑多數(shù)反映佛教人物及其修行涅槃事跡的造像。敦煌莫高窟石窟藝術(shù)中數(shù)量最大、內(nèi)容最豐富的精髓部分是壁畫，這是龍門石窟和云岡石窟所沒(méi)有的，也是世界獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。如果把莫高窟林林總總的4. 5萬(wàn)平方米壁畫一張張連接起來(lái)的話，其長(zhǎng)度可達(dá)25公里。西方學(xué)者將敦煌壁畫稱作是“墻壁上的圖書館”。
敦煌莫高窟主要景點(diǎn)
Avalookitesvara，on the north in the west wall shrine in Cave 45
第45窟觀音菩西壁龕內(nèi)北側(cè)的薩像
The Bodhisattva on the north of the central platform in Cave 196
第196窟中心佛壇北側(cè)的菩薩像
The truncated pyramid ceiling of Cave 305
第305的覆斗式洞窟
Apsaras flying through a tower，on the upper of the north wall in Cave 2I7
第217窟北壁上部的穿樓飛天圖(盛唐)
The mural of hunting in Cave 249
第249窟的狩獵圖(西魏)
The format of“central stupa-pillar" of Cave 228
第228 窟的中心塔柱式石窟
Buddha'sconverting of 500 outlaws，on the south wall of Cave 285
第285流南壁的五百?gòu)?qiáng)盜成佛圖(西魏)
Head shaving，painted on the north wall in Cave 445
第445窟北壁的剃度圖
Musicians，painted on the north wall of Cave 220
第220窟北壁的樂(lè)舞圖(初唐)
Cave 17-the“Sutra Cave"
第17窟的藏經(jīng)洞
The painted statues in their shrine on the west wall of Cave 328
第328窟西壁的佛寵彩塑
The only photo of Taoist Wang so far found in the world
唯一流傳于世的王道士像
Buddha'spreaching，painted on the south wall of Cave 320
第320窟南壁的說(shuō)法圖(盛唐)
Bodhisattva，on the south of the west wall shrine in Cave 420
第420窟西壁完內(nèi)南側(cè)的菩薩像
Ananda，Bodhisativa，Malla，and Kassapa in Cave 45
第45窟內(nèi)的阿難、菩薩、力士、迦葉像(盛唐)
Portraits of cave donors on the south of the east wall in Cave 61
第61窟內(nèi)東壁南側(cè)的供養(yǎng)人壁畫((五代)
Big statue of Maitreya in Cave 130
第130窟內(nèi)的石胎泥塑彌勒巨像
Other Attractions Around the Place
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敦煌莫高窟英文介紹怎么說(shuō)
