大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試題2008聽力(2)
大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試題2008聽力
Section B
Directions:
In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.
At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.
Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Members of the city council and distinguished guests,
it is my privilege to introduce to you today Mr. Robert Washington,
chief of our city's police force.
He will address us on the subject of the Community Policing Program.
Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record
as head of our police force for more than ten years.
However, you may not know
that he also holds a master's degree in criminology
and studied abroad for a year with the international police force
which deals with crimes around the world.
Mr. Washington first introduced the Community Policing Program 8 years ago.
The idea behind the program is to get the police officers
out of their cars and into our neighborhoods
where they can talk directly to merchants and residents
about the real dynamics of our city.
These officers do more than make arrests.
They try to find ways to help solve the problems
that contribute to crime in the first place.
Often that means hooking people up
with services offered by other city agencies,
such as schools, hospitals,
housing, drug treatment centers.
And the program seems to be working:
crime is down and our citizens report
that they feel more secure.
Today Mr. Washington is going to tell us more about this program.
Now let's welcome Mr. Robert Washington.
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26.What is the purpose of the speaker's remarks?
27.What does the speaker say about Mr. Robert Washington?
28.What is the idea behind the Community Policing Program?
29.How has the Community Policing Program turned out to be?
Passage Two
There are between 3000 and 6000 public languages in the world,
and we must add approximately 6 billion private languages
since each one of us necessarily has one.
Considering these facts,
the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number.
However, we do communicate successfully from time to time.
And we do learn to speak languages.
But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious process.
For a long time,
people thought that we learned a language
only by imitation and association.
For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry.
The mother says, “Hot, hot!”
And the baby, when it stops crying,
imitates the mother and says, “Hot, hot!”
However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language,
pointed out that although children do learn some words
by imitation and association,
they also combine words to make meaningful sentences
in ways that are unique,
unlearned and creative.
Because young children can make sentences they have never heard before,
Chomsky suggested that human infants
are born with the ability to learn language.
Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences
between public and private languages,
there is a universal language mechanism
that makes it possible for us, as infants,
to learn any language in the world.
This theory explains the potential
that human infants have for learning language.
But it does not really explain
how children come to use language in particular ways.
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30.Why does the speaker say
there are great possibilities for communication breakdowns?
31.What is Chomsky's point on the ability to learn a language?
32.What does Chomsky's theory fail to explain according to the speaker?
Passage Three
When US spacewoman Joan Higginbotham
is not flying and working in space,
she might be found somewhere on earth giving a speech.
Higginbotham, who grew up in Chicago
and became an engineer before joining NASA,
that is the National Air and Space Administration,
gives about a dozen speeches a year.
Each speech is different
because she tailors her remarks to each audience.
Through interviews and E-mails,
she finds out in advance her listeners educational level
and what information they want to know.
On the subject of space walks, for example,
audiences vary in their interests
and how much complexity they can comprehend.
To elementary school children,
Higginbotham may discuss a problem
that many kids want to know about.
“How do spacemen in a spacesuit eat,
drink, and go to the bathroom?”
Her answer is “the spacesuit is really a small spacecraft
with room for food and water-containers,
and a waste collection system.”
To a high school audience,
she might satisfy a curiosity that often arises
in her pre-speech interviews with students
who obviously have seen many science fiction movies.
"Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space?"
Her answer is “No”.
To scientists, she might provide technical details
on such topics as the design of spacesuits that protects spacemen
from the deadly temperature extremes of space.
Just as elaborate preparation is required for success in space,
Higginbotham says that it's important for speakers
to learn as much as possible about their listeners
before a speech because every audience is different.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33.What did Joan Higginbotham do before joining in NASA?
34.How does Higginbotham prepare her speech on space walks?
35.What does the high school audience want to know about space travel?
Section C
Directions:
In this section, you will hear a passage three times.
When the passage is read for the first time,
you should listen carefully for its general idea.
When the passage is read for the second time,
you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43
with the exact words you have just heard.
For blanks numbered from 44 to 46
you are required to fill in the missing information.
For these blanks,
you can either use the exact words you have just heard
or write down the main points in your own words.
Finally, when the passage is read for the third time,
you should check what you have written.
Crime is increasing worldwide.
There is every reason to believe the trend
will continue through the next few decades.
Crime rates have always been high in multicultural,
industrialized societies such as the United States,
but a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene
—rapidly rising crime rates in nations
that previously reported few offences.
Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder,
and auto theft are clearly rising,
particularly in eastern European countries such as Hungary
and in western European nations such as the Untied Kingdom.
What is driving this crime explosion?
There are no simple answers.
Still, there are certain conditions associated with rising crime:
increasing heterogeneity of population,
greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration,
democratization of governments, changing national borders,
greater economic growth
and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.
These conditions are increasingly observable around the world.
For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogenous,
such as Japan, Denmark, and Greece,
are now facing the sort of cultural variety
that has been common in America for most of its history.
Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience,
but it can also lead to a clash of values.
Heterogeneity in societies
will be the rule in the twenty first century,
and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity
can lead to serious crime problems.
Crime is increasing worldwide.
There is every reason to believe the trend
will continue through the next few decades.
Crime rates have always been high in multicultural,
industrialized societies such as the United States,
but a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene
—rapidly rising crime rates in nations
that previously reported few offences.
Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder,
and auto theft are clearly rising,
particularly in eastern European countries such as Hungary
and in western European nations such as the Untied Kingdom.
What is driving this crime explosion?
There are no simple answers.
Still, there are certain conditions associated with rising crime:
increasing heterogeneity of population,
greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration,
democratization of governments, changing national borders,
greater economic growth
and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.
These conditions are increasingly observable around the world.
For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogenous,
such as Japan, Denmark, and Greece,
are now facing the sort of cultural variety
that has been common in America for most of its history.
Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience,
but it can also lead to a clash of values.
Heterogeneity in societies
will be the rule in the twenty first century,
and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity
can lead to serious crime problems.
Crime is increasing worldwide.
There is every reason to believe the trend
will continue through the next few decades.
Crime rates have always been high in multicultural,
industrialized societies such as the United States,
but a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene
—rapidly rising crime rates in nations
that previously reported few offences.
Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder,
and auto theft are clearly rising,
particularly in eastern European countries such as Hungary
and in western European nations such as the Untied Kingdom.
What is driving this crime explosion?
There are no simple answers.
Still, there are certain conditions associated with rising crime:
increasing heterogeneity of population,
greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration,
democratization of governments, changing national borders,
greater economic growth
and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.
These conditions are increasingly observable around the world.
For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogenous,
such as Japan, Denmark, and Greece,
are now facing the sort of cultural variety
that has been common in America for most of its history.
Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience,
but it can also lead to a clash of values.
Heterogeneity in societies
will be the rule in the twenty first century,
and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity
can lead to serious crime problems.
大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試(CET4)歷年真題聽力2008年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)聽力真題答案
11. D) She has lost contact with most of her old friends.
12. D) A carpenter.
13. C) Make inquires elsewhere.
14. C) He has gained some weight lately.
15. D) He doesn’t like abstract paintings.
16. B) She may have put her notebook amid the journals.
17. A) She wants to get some sleep.
18. B) His chance of getting the job is slim.
19. A He can manage his time more flexible.
20. D Searching its website.
21. D To utilize its retired employee’s resources.
22 C See a piece of property.
23. B It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.
24. C It may now be big enough for raising corn.
25. A Finances.
26. A) To introduce the chief of the city’ police force.
27. D) He holds a master’s degree in criminology.
28. B) To get police officers closer to the local people.
29. C) Effective.
30. B) There are numerous languages in existence.
31. C) It is something we are born with.
32. D) How children learn to use language.
33. B) She was an engineer.
34. C) Adjusting them to different audiences.
35. A) Whether spacemen carry weapons.
Crime is increasing worldwide. There is every reason to believe the trend will continue through the next few decades. Crime rates have always been high in multicultural industrialized societies such as the United States. But a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene, rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few offenses. Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder and auto theft are clearly rising, particularly in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the United Kingdom. What is driving this crime explosion? There are no simple answers. Still, there’re certain conditions associated with rising crime. Increasing heterogeneity of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of governments, changing national borders, greater economic growth, and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong. These conditions are increasing observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous such as Japan, Denmark, and Greece are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history. Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the 21st century, and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.
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