新概念英語(yǔ)美文短文欣賞
《新概念英語(yǔ)》自出版以來(lái)受到了英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的熱烈歡迎，《新概念英語(yǔ)》的成功不僅在于其嚴(yán)密科學(xué)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法體系,而且還在于其內(nèi)涵豐富的文化體系?！缎赂拍钣⒄Z(yǔ)》展示了二語(yǔ)教材中語(yǔ)言和文化相互交融的關(guān)系。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來(lái)的新概念英語(yǔ)美文短文欣賞，歡迎閱讀!
新概念英語(yǔ)美文短文欣賞篇一
Archaeology
考古學(xué)
Archaeology is a source of history, not just a humble auxiliary discipline. Archaeological data are historical documents in their own right, not mere illustrations to written texts. Just as much as any other historian, an archaeologist studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the human world in which we live -- and us ourselves in so far as we are each creatures of our age and social environment.
考古學(xué)是歷史學(xué)的一個(gè)來(lái)源，而不是地位卑微的輔助學(xué)科。 考古資料本身也是一種歷史文獻(xiàn)，而不僅僅是文字資料的例證。正像任何一位歷史學(xué)家那樣，考古學(xué)家研究調(diào)查并盡力去重構(gòu)一個(gè)過(guò)程，這個(gè)過(guò)程創(chuàng)造了我們生活的人類(lèi)世界，也創(chuàng)造了我們自身，因?yàn)槲覀兌际俏覀兯幍臅r(shí)代和社會(huì)環(huán)境的產(chǎn)物。
Archaeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or, more succinctly, the fossilized results of human behavior. The sum total of these constitutes what may be called the archaeological record. This record exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records.
考古學(xué)的資料就是人類(lèi)行為所造成的物質(zhì)變化。更簡(jiǎn)潔地說(shuō)，是石化了的人類(lèi)行為。這些變化的總和構(gòu)成了我們所說(shuō)的考古學(xué)記錄。這些記錄自有其獨(dú)特和不足之處，因而導(dǎo)致人們對(duì)考古歷史和更熟悉的文字記載歷史進(jìn)行相當(dāng)膚淺的對(duì)比。
Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great historical significance. Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are captured by a dictaphone or written down by a clerk.
并不是所有的人類(lèi)行為都留下化石。我說(shuō)的話，你通過(guò)空氣振動(dòng)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，這當(dāng)然是人類(lèi)造成的物質(zhì)變化，也可能有重大的歷史意義，但這些話在考古學(xué)中未留下絲毫痕跡，除非有人用錄音機(jī)錄下來(lái)或文書(shū)把這些話寫(xiě)了下來(lái)。
The movement of troops on the battlefield may "change the course of history," but this is equally ephemeral from the archaeologist's standpoint. What is perhaps worse, most organic materials are perishable. Everything made of wood, hide, wool, linen, grass, hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few years or centuries, save under very exceptional conditions. In a relatively brief period the archaeological record is reduced to mere scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still modern archaeology, by applying appropriate techniques and comparative methods, aided by a few lucky finds from peat-bogs, deserts, and frozen soils, is able to fill up a good deal of the gap.
戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上軍隊(duì)的行動(dòng)可能“改變歷史的進(jìn)程”，但從考古學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，這同樣是難以捕捉的;可能更糟的是，多數(shù)有機(jī)物質(zhì)會(huì)腐爛。任何由木頭、生皮、絨線、亞麻、草、毛發(fā)以及相似物質(zhì)做成的東西除非在一些非常特殊的條件下，幾年或幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以后，會(huì)在塵土中腐爛并消失。在短時(shí)期內(nèi)，能留下考古記錄的東西也都會(huì)退化為石頭、骨頭、玻璃、金屬和陶器的碎片。 然而，現(xiàn)代考古學(xué)通過(guò)運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)和比較的方法，在從泥炭、沙漠和凍土中所獲得的一些幸運(yùn)發(fā)現(xiàn)的輔助下，能夠填充這個(gè)空缺的很大部分。
新概念英語(yǔ)美文短文欣賞篇二
A Rare Fossil Record
罕見(jiàn)的化石記錄
The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rate occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by weathering before they can be fossilized. Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures because, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.
胚胎與幼體被保存下來(lái)在化石記錄中是少見(jiàn)的事情。微小纖細(xì)的骨骼通常在石化前就被食腐肉的動(dòng)物拆散了，或者被風(fēng)化作用破壞掉了。魚(yú)龍比起陸地的動(dòng)物有更大的幾率被保存下來(lái)，因?yàn)樗鼈冏鳛楹Ｑ髣?dòng)物常生活在腐蝕性較小的環(huán)境中。但是它們的石化需要一系列因素：軟組織的腐爛速度緩慢，很少被其他動(dòng)物殘食，缺少混雜、沖走小骨頭的快速水流和波浪，以及相當(dāng)快地被掩埋。當(dāng)這些因素存在時(shí)，某些地區(qū)就會(huì)變成一個(gè)充滿保存完好的魚(yú)龍化石的寶庫(kù)。
The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.
在德國(guó)獲爾茲梅登，那兒的沉積物給人們提出了一個(gè)有趣的分析案例。人們?cè)诤谏?、含瀝青的海洋頁(yè)巖中發(fā)現(xiàn)了約19，000年前沉積下來(lái)的魚(yú)龍化石。幾年時(shí)間內(nèi)，在這些巖石中取得了數(shù)以千計(jì)的海洋爬行動(dòng)物、魚(yú)類(lèi)以及無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物的標(biāo)本。它們的保存質(zhì)量非常的好，但更令人稱(chēng)奇的是保存下來(lái)的育有胚胎的魚(yú)龍化石數(shù)目。在獲爾茲梅登附近一個(gè)小地區(qū)的六個(gè)不同的頁(yè)巖層中分別發(fā)現(xiàn)了育有胚胎的魚(yú)龍化石。這表明大量的魚(yú)龍經(jīng)年累月重復(fù)使用一個(gè)特定的地點(diǎn)。那些胚胎已經(jīng)發(fā)育得相當(dāng)完整了。比如，它們的蹼槳已經(jīng)完全形成了。有一個(gè)標(biāo)本甚至被保存在產(chǎn)道中。而且，那塊頁(yè)巖包含著很多在20到30英寸之間的新生幼體的化石。
Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare elsewhere? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.
為什么在其他地方那么稀少的懷孕雌獸和幼體在獲爾茲梅登卻那么多呢? 因?yàn)槠浔４尜|(zhì)量幾乎舉世無(wú)雙，采集工作的進(jìn)行一直是一絲不茍的。大家都認(rèn)識(shí)到這些化石的價(jià)值極其珍貴，但這些因素并不能解釋這個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題：為什么在一個(gè)特定的地點(diǎn)會(huì)如此集中地出現(xiàn)即將臨產(chǎn)的懷孕魚(yú)龍群呢?
新概念英語(yǔ)美文短文欣賞篇三
The Nobel Academy
諾貝爾委員會(huì)
For the last 82 years, Sweden's Nobel Academy has decided who will receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, thereby determining who will be elevated from the great and the near great to the immortal. But today the Academy is coming under heavy criticism both from the without and from within.
在過(guò)去的82年里，瑞典的諾貝爾委員會(huì)決定了誰(shuí)將獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，因此也就決定了誰(shuí)將從偉大或近乎偉大榮升為不朽。但在今天，該委員會(huì)卻遭到了評(píng)選委員會(huì)內(nèi)外的猛烈批評(píng)。
Critics contend that the selection of the winners often has less to do with true writing ability than with the peculiar internal politics of the Academy and of Sweden itself. According to Ingmar Bjorksten, the cultural editor for one of the country's two major newspapers, the prize continues to represent "what people call a very Swedish exercise: reflecting Swedish tastes".
批評(píng)者們爭(zhēng)論說(shuō)：評(píng)選獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邥r(shí)，起作用更大的不是真實(shí)的寫(xiě)作能力，而是該委員會(huì)以及瑞典特有的內(nèi)部政治。按照瑞典兩家主要報(bào)紙之一的文化版編輯Ingmar Bjorksten的說(shuō)法，該文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)仍然是“人們所說(shuō)的一種非常瑞典式的做為：反映瑞典口味”。
The Academy has defended itself against such charges of provincialism in its selection by asserting that its physical distance from the great literary capitals of the world actually serves to protect the Academy from outside influences. This may well be true, but critics respond that this very distance may also be responsible for the Academy's inability to perceive accurately authentic trends in the literary world.
對(duì)于其評(píng)選過(guò)程中目光短淺的指責(zé)，該委員會(huì)辯護(hù)說(shuō)，該委員會(huì)與世界幾大文學(xué)之都相距遙遠(yuǎn)，實(shí)際上使該委員會(huì)免受外來(lái)的干擾。這也許是對(duì)的，但批評(píng)者們反駁說(shuō)，也正因?yàn)橄嗑嗳绱诉b遠(yuǎn)，該委員會(huì)才不能準(zhǔn)確地把握文學(xué)界的真正趨勢(shì)。
Regardless of concerns over the selection process, however, it seems that the prize will continue to survive both as an indicator of the literature that we most highly praise, and as an elusive goal that writers seek. If for no other reason, the prize will continue to be desirable for the financial rewards that accompany it; not only is the cash prize itself considerable, but it also dramatically increases sales of an author's books.
盡管對(duì)評(píng)選程序存在著關(guān)注，該文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)將繼續(xù)作為世人最為推崇的文學(xué)的標(biāo)志而存在，并將繼續(xù)是作家們難以達(dá)到卻又會(huì)不斷追逐的目標(biāo)。如果不考慮其他因素，而僅僅考慮與之俱來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，該獎(jiǎng)也將繼續(xù)為人所渴求：這不僅因?yàn)樵摢?jiǎng)本身就是一筆可觀的現(xiàn)金收入，而且該獎(jiǎng)還將極大地增加一個(gè)作家的著作的銷(xiāo)量。
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