培根散文隨筆美文：Of Marriage & Single Life 論結(jié)婚與獨(dú)身

　　培根散文隨筆集中英對(duì)照，通過(guò)閱讀文學(xué)名著學(xué)語(yǔ)言，是掌握英語(yǔ)的絕佳方法。既可接觸原汁原味的英語(yǔ)，又能享受文學(xué)之美，一舉兩得，何樂(lè)不為?

　　8 Of Marriage & Single Life 論結(jié)婚與獨(dú)身

　　He that hath wife and children, hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediment to great enterprises, either of virtue, or mischief. Certainly, the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men; which both in affection, and means, have married and endowed the public. Yet it were great reason, that those that have children, should have greatest care of future times; unto which, they know, they must transmit their dearest pledges. Some there are, who though they lead a single life, yet their thoughts do end with themselves, and account future times impertinences. Nay, there are some other, that account wife and children but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some foolish rich covetous men, that take a pride in having no children, because they may be thought so much the richer.

　　有妻與子的人已經(jīng)向命運(yùn)之神交了抵押品了;因?yàn)槠夼c子是大事底阻撓物，無(wú)論是大善舉或大惡行。無(wú)疑地，最好，最有功于公眾的事業(yè)是出自無(wú)妻或無(wú)子的人的;這些人在情感和金錢兩方面都可說(shuō)是娶了公眾并給以?shī)Y資了。然而依理似乎有子嗣的人應(yīng)當(dāng)最關(guān)心將來(lái)，他們知道他們一定得把自己最貴重的保證交代給將來(lái)的。有些人雖然過(guò)的是獨(dú)身生活，他們的思想?yún)s僅限于自身，把將來(lái)認(rèn)為無(wú)關(guān)緊要。并且有些人把妻與子認(rèn)為僅僅是幾項(xiàng)開銷。尤有甚者，有些愚而富的慳吝人竟以無(wú)子嗣自豪，以為如此則他們?cè)趧e人眼中更顯得富有了。

　　For perhaps, they have heard some talk; Such an one is a great rich man; and another except to it; Yea, but he hath a great charge of children: as if it were an abatement to his riches. But the most ordinary cause of a single life is liberty; especially in certain self-pleasing and humorous minds, which are so sensible of every restraint, as they will go near to think their girdles and garters to be bonds and shackles.

　　也許他們聽(tīng)過(guò)這樣的話：一人說(shuō)，“某某人是個(gè)大富翁”，而另一人不同意地說(shuō)，“是的，可是他有很大的兒女之累”，好象兒女是那人底財(cái)富底削減似的。然而獨(dú)身生活底最普通的原因則是自由，尤其在某種自喜而且任性的人們方面為然，這些人對(duì)于各種的約束都很敏感，所以差不多連腰帶襪帶都覺(jué)得是鎖鏈似的。

　　Unmarried men are best friends; best masters; best servants; but not always best subjects; for they are light to run away; and almost all fugitives are of that condition. A single life doth well with church men: for charity will hardly water the ground, where it must first fill a pool. It is indifferent for judges and magistrates: for if they be facile, and corrupt, you shall have a servant five times worse than a wife. For soldiers, I find the generals commonly in their hortatives, put men in mind of their wives and children: and I think the despising of marriage amongst the Turks, maketh the vulgar soldier more base. Certainly, wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity: and single men though they be many times more charitable, because their means are less exhaust; yet, on the other side, they are more cruel, and hard hearted (good to make severe inquisitors), because their tenderness is not so oft called upon. Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly loving husbands; as was said of Ulysses; vetulam suam praetulit immortalitati.

獨(dú)身的人是最好的朋友，最好的主人，最好的仆人，但是并非最好的臣民;因?yàn)樗麄兒苋菀滋优埽畈欢嗨械奶尤硕际仟?dú)身的。獨(dú)身生活適于僧侶之流，因?yàn)榇壬浦e若先須注滿一池，則難于灌溉地面也。獨(dú)身于法官和知事則無(wú)甚關(guān)系，因?yàn)榧偃缢麄兪且灼鄱澪鄣?，則一個(gè)仆人之惡將五倍于一位夫人之惡也。至于軍人，竊見(jiàn)將帥激厲士卒時(shí)，多使他們憶及他們底妻子兒女;又竊以為土耳其人之不尊重婚姻使一般士兵更為卑賤也。妻子和兒女對(duì)于人類確是一種訓(xùn)練;而獨(dú)身的人，雖然他們往往很慷慨好施，因?yàn)樗麄兊族X財(cái)不易消耗，然而在另一方面他們較為殘酷狠心(作審問(wèn)官甚好)，因?yàn)樗麄儾怀Ｓ杏萌蚀戎幰?。莊重的人，常受風(fēng)俗引導(dǎo)，因而心志不移，所以多是情愛(ài)甚篤的丈夫;如古人謂攸立西斯：“他寧要他底老妻而不要長(zhǎng)生”者是也。

　　Chaste women are often proud and forward, as presuming upon the merit of their chastity. It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do, if she find him jealous. Wives are young men\'s mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men\'s nurses. So as a man may have a quarrel to many, when he will. But yet, he was reputed one of the wise men, mat made answer to the question, when a man should marry? A young man not yet, an elder man not at all. It is often seen, that bad husbands have very good wives; whether it be, that it raiseth the price of their husband\'s kindness, when it comes; or that the wives take a pride in their patience. But this never fails, if the bad husbands were of their own choosing, against their friends\' consent; for then, they will be sure to make good their own folly.

　　貞節(jié)的婦人往往驕傲不遜，一若她們是自恃貞節(jié)也者。假如一個(gè)婦人相信她底丈夫是聰慧的，那就是最好的使她保持貞操及柔順的維系;然而假如這婦人發(fā)現(xiàn)丈夫妒忌心重，她就永不會(huì)以為他是聰慧的了。妻子是青年人底情人，中年人底伴侶，老年人底看護(hù)。所以一個(gè)人只要他愿意，任何時(shí)候都有娶妻底理由。然而有一個(gè)人，人家問(wèn)他，人應(yīng)當(dāng)在什么時(shí)候結(jié)婚?他答道：“年青的人還不應(yīng)當(dāng)，年老的人全不應(yīng)當(dāng)”。這位也被人稱為智者之一。常見(jiàn)不良的丈夫多有很好的妻子;其原因也許是因?yàn)檫@種丈夫底好處在偶爾出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候更顯得可貴，也許是因?yàn)樽銎拮拥囊宰约旱啄托淖院?。但是這一點(diǎn)是永遠(yuǎn)不錯(cuò)的，就是這些不良的丈夫必須是做妻子的不顧親友之可否而自己選擇的，因?yàn)槿绱怂齻兙鸵欢ǚ茄a(bǔ)救自己底失策不可也