機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)文章

　　隨著全球化進(jìn)程的加快及新型工業(yè)化道路的發(fā)展,我國(guó)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)對(duì)機(jī)械工程人才的就業(yè)能力提出了更高的要求。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來的機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)文章，歡迎閱讀!

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　　Milling and Milling Cutter

　　銑削和銑刀

　　Milling is a machining process that is carried out by means of a multiedge rotating tool known asa milling cutter.

　　銑削是采用被稱為銑刀的多刃旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具完成的機(jī)加工作業(yè)。

　　In this process, metal removal is achieved through combining the rotary motion of the millingcutter and linear motions of the workpiece simultaneously. Milling operations are employed inproducing flat, contoured and helical surfaces as well as for thread- and gear-cuttingoperation.

　　在此工藝中金屬去除是通過銑刀的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)和工件的直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的組合實(shí)現(xiàn)的。銑削作業(yè)既可用于生成平面、輪廓面和螺旋面也可用于切削螺紋和齒輪。

　　Each of the cutting edges of a milling cutter acts as an individual single-point cutter when itengages with the workpiece metal. Therefore, each of those cutting edges has appropriaterake and relief angles.

　　在銑刀切削工件金屬時(shí)銑刀的每條切削刃都象一單獨(dú)的單刃刀具一樣作用。所以每條切削刃都適當(dāng)?shù)那昂蠼恰?/p>

　　Since only a few of the cutting edges are engaged with the workpiece at a time, heavy cuts canbe taken without adversely affecting the tool life. In fact, the permissible cutting speeds andfeeds for milling are three to four times higher than those for turning or drilling.

　　由于同一時(shí)間只有部分切削刃切削工件因此可以在對(duì)刀具壽命沒有不利影響的情況下承擔(dān)重型切削。事實(shí)上銑削允許的切削速度和進(jìn)給比車削或鉆削高三到四倍。

　　Moreover, the quality of the surfaces machined by milling is generally superior to the qualityof surfaces machined by turning, shaping, or drilling.

　　此外,由銑削加工的表面質(zhì)量通常優(yōu)于車削、刨削或鉆削加工的表面質(zhì)量。

　　A wide variety of milling cutters is available in industry. This, together with the fact that amilling machine is a very versatile machine tool, makes the milling machine the backbone of amachining workshop.

　　工業(yè)上可采用的銑刀類型眾多。連同銑床是極通用機(jī)床的事實(shí)使得銑床成為機(jī)加工車間的支柱。

　　As far as the direction of cutter rotation and workpiece feed are concerned, milling isperformed by either of the following two methods.

　　至于涉及到銑刀轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的方向和工件的進(jìn)給銑削可以通過下列兩種方法之一進(jìn)行。

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　　逆銑和順銑

　　Up milling (conventional milling). In up milling the workpiece is fed against the direction ofcutter rotation, as shown in Fig.12.3a. As we can see in that figure, the depth of cut (andconsequently the load) gradually increases on the successively engaged cutting edges.

　　逆銑(傳統(tǒng)銑削)在逆銑中工件逆著銑刀轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的方向進(jìn)給如圖12.3a所示。就像在此圖中能看到的那樣切削深度(及作為結(jié)果的載荷)隨著切削刃持續(xù)進(jìn)入切削而逐漸增加。

　　Therefore, the machining process involves no impact loading, thus ensuring smootheroperation of the machine tool and longer tool life. The quality of the machined surface obtainedby up milling is not very high. Nevertheless, up milling is commonly used in industry, especiallyfor rough cuts.

　　所以,這種工藝沒有沖擊載荷,從而保證了機(jī)床的較平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行和較長(zhǎng)壽命。通過逆銑所得機(jī)加工表面質(zhì)量不是很高。然而逆銑仍經(jīng)常被用在工業(yè)上,尤其是粗切削時(shí)。

　　Down milling (climb milling). As can be seen in Fig.12.3b, in down milling the cutter rotationcoincides with the direction of feed at the contact point between the tool and the workpiece. Itcan also be seen that the maximum depth of cut is achieved directly as the cutter engages withthe workpiece.

　　順銑(同向銑削)如同在圖12.3b中看到的那樣在順銑時(shí)刀具與工件之間接觸點(diǎn)上銑刀旋轉(zhuǎn)與進(jìn)給方向一致。還可以看到當(dāng)?shù)毒哌M(jìn)入工件切削時(shí)直接達(dá)到最大切削深度。

　　This results in a kind of impact, or sudden loading. Therefore, this method cannot be usedunless the milling machine is equipped with a backlash eliminator on the feed screw. Theadvantages of this method include higher quality of the machined surface and easier clampingof workpieces, since the cutting forces act downward.

　　這會(huì)導(dǎo)致一種沖擊,或突然加載。因此,這種方法只有當(dāng)銑床在進(jìn)給螺栓上配備間隙消除器時(shí)才采用。這種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)包括機(jī)加工表面質(zhì)量較高和工件由于切削力向下作用而較容易夾緊。

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　　Types of Milling Cutters

　　銑刀的類型

　　There is a wide variety of milling cutter shapes. Each of them is designed to perform effectively a specific milling operation.

　　銑刀的形狀類型很多。其中每種都是為有效進(jìn)行特定的銑削作業(yè)而設(shè)計(jì)的。

　　Generally, a milling cutter can be described as a multiedge cutting tool having the shape of a solid of revolution, with the cutting teeth arranged either on the periphery or on an end face or on both. Following is a quick survey of the commonly used types of milling cutters.

　　通常,銑刀可以被描述為具有旋轉(zhuǎn)實(shí)體形狀并將切削齒安裝在周邊或一到兩個(gè)端面上的多刃切削刀具。下面是常用銑刀類型的快速綜覽。

　　Plain milling cutter. A plain milling cutter is a disk-shaped cutting tool that may have either straight or helical teeth, as shown in Fig.12.4a. This type is always mounted on horizontal milling machines and is used for machining flat surfaces.

　　平面銑刀,平面銑刀是一種盤狀切削刀具.它可以具有直齒或螺旋齒.如圖12.4a所示。這類銑刀總是安裝在臥式銑床上.用于機(jī)加工平面。

　　Face milling cutter. A face milling cutter is also used for machining flat surfaces. It is bolted at the end of a short arbor, which is in turn mounted on a vertical milling machine. Fig.12.4b indicates a milling cutter of this type.

　　端面銑刀.端面銑刀也可用于機(jī)加工平面。它用螺栓固定在短刀桿的端部.而短刀桿則依次安裝于立式銑床上。圖12.4b顯示了這類銑刀。

　　Plain metal slitting saw cutter. Fig.12.4c indicates a plain metal slitting saw cutter. we can see that it actually involves a very thin plain milling cutter.

　　平面金屬開槽鋸刃銑刀.圖12.4c顯示了一種平面金屬開槽鋸刃銑刀?？梢钥吹剿鋵?shí)是一種很薄的平面銑刀。

　　Side milling cutter. A side milling cutter is used for cutting slots, grooves, and splines. As shown in Fig.12.4d, it is quite similar to the plain milling cutter, the difference being that this type has teeth on the sides. As is the case with the plain cutter, the cutting teeth can be straight or helical.

　　側(cè)銑刀.側(cè)銑刀用于切削狹槽、凹槽和花鍵槽。正如圖12.4d所示.它與平面銑刀十分相似.差別在于此類銑刀齒在側(cè)面。象平面銑刀的情況一樣.切削齒既可以是直的也可以是螺旋的。