雙語(yǔ)閱讀：八個(gè)有趣的心理事實(shí)

　　摘要:你可能已經(jīng)注意到，肯德基、必勝客、達(dá)美樂(lè)以及麥當(dāng)勞的標(biāo)志都是紅色的。紅色使人聯(lián)想到興奮和年輕。紅色還能刺激大腦中負(fù)責(zé)顏色的區(qū)域。

　　1. Colors

　　1. 顏色

　　You’ve probably noticed companies such as KFC, Pizza Hut, Domino’s, McDonald’s all use red color in the logos. Red is a color associated with excitement and youthfulness. It also stimulates the area of the brain which is responsible for color.

　　你可能已經(jīng)注意到，肯德基、必勝客、達(dá)美樂(lè)以及麥當(dāng)勞的標(biāo)志都是紅色的。紅色使人聯(lián)想到興奮和年輕。紅色還能刺激大腦中負(fù)責(zé)顏色的區(qū)域。

八個(gè)有趣的心理事實(shí)

　　Most of the brands have researched to figure out which color works best to stimulate that particular emotion which can drive the sales of their products. The image below shows few examples.

　　大部分品牌都研究過(guò)什么樣的顏色最能激發(fā)某種情緒，進(jìn)而促銷他們的產(chǎn)品。

　　2. Studies show that you should not tell a child the he/she is “so smart” but instead commend their work.

　　2. 研究表明，人們不應(yīng)夸獎(jiǎng)小孩“很聰明”，而應(yīng)稱贊他們的努力。

　　According to Carol Dweck and her team at Columbia University telling kids they are smart makes them want to maintain the image of appearing smart. She says, “we tell them that this is the name of the game: Look smart, don’t risk making mistakes.” A better compliment would be “you must have worked very hard for this.”

　　根據(jù)Carol Dweck和她在哥倫比亞大學(xué)的團(tuán)隊(duì)研究，夸小孩聰明會(huì)使他們努力維持看上去很聰明的模樣。她說(shuō)：“我們?cè)诟嬖V他們，這個(gè)游戲的名字叫‘看上去聰明’，但不可以犯錯(cuò)誤。”更明智的稱贊應(yīng)該是“你一定很努力地去做這件事了吧?”。

　　3. People who play video games often are much more likely to have lucid dreams than non-gamers.

　　3.玩電子游戲的人更容易做清晰的夢(mèng)。

　　They were also better able to influence their dream worlds, as if controlling a video-game character.

　　他們也更擅長(zhǎng)控制自己的夢(mèng)境，就像控制電子游戲中的人物角色一樣。

　　4. Eyes make us honest.

　　4. 眼睛使我們誠(chéng)實(shí)。

　　We all know the scene: the departmental coffee room, with the price list for tea and coffee on the wall and the “honesty box” where you pay for your drinks – or not, because no one is watching.

　　我們都熟悉這個(gè)場(chǎng)景：在部門咖啡室，墻上列出茶和咖啡的價(jià)格，邊上有一個(gè)付費(fèi)的“誠(chéng)信箱”(也可能沒(méi)有)，沒(méi)人在盯著收錢。

　　Researchers discovered that merely a picture of watching eyes nearly tripled the amount of money put in the box.

　　研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，僅僅多掛了一幅“注視的眼睛”的畫(huà)，箱子里的錢就多了近三倍。

　　Melissa Bateson and colleagues at Newcastle University, UK, put up new price lists each week in their psychology department coffee room. Prices were unchanged, but each week there was a photocopied picture at the top of the list of either flowers or the eyes of real faces. The faces varied but the eyes always looked directly at the observer. In the weeks with eyes on the list, staff paid 2.76 times as much for their drinks as in weeks with flowers.

　　在英國(guó)的紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)，Melissa Bateson和同事們每周都更換一次他們心理系咖啡室的飲品價(jià)格，總價(jià)格并未改變，但每周價(jià)格單上會(huì)換一幅畫(huà)，畫(huà)上是鮮花或眼睛。畫(huà)上的面孔會(huì)改變，但眼睛卻一直盯著看畫(huà)的人。在價(jià)格單上有眼睛畫(huà)的這幾周，員工支付的飲料費(fèi)要比掛鮮花畫(huà)時(shí)的費(fèi)用高出了2.76倍。

　　5. If you’re in a really heated situation, try to avoid the word “you”.

　　5. 如果你處在非常激動(dòng)憤怒的狀態(tài)，請(qǐng)盡量避免用“你”這個(gè)字眼。

　　The word “you” is accusatory and is not going to help.

　　因?yàn)檫@個(gè)字眼具有指控性，根本幫不上忙。

　　6. If you want someone to say yes to something you’re asking for, here are some options:

　　6. 如果你希望別人答應(yīng)你請(qǐng)求的事，可以嘗試以下幾個(gè)方法：

　　Nod as you ask. Our brains have what are called ‘mirror neurons’ which activate to make us mimic other people’s actions. Sometimes they will also start to nod, which then makes them then agree with you.

　　在提出請(qǐng)求時(shí)點(diǎn)頭。人的大腦有種所謂的“鏡像神經(jīng)元”，能夠刺激人們模仿別人的動(dòng)作。有時(shí)，如果你點(diǎn)頭，對(duì)方也會(huì)跟著點(diǎn)頭，這樣他們就算是答應(yīng)你啦。

　　If you have a big favor to ask, start by asking smaller ones ahead of time. This is called the foot in the door phenomenon. If you ask for small things, then work up to big things, people are more likely to say yes than if you start off with a huge favor.

　　如果你要請(qǐng)對(duì)方幫大忙，那就先開(kāi)口請(qǐng)求幫小忙。這就是所謂的“門檻效應(yīng)”。如果你先提小事，然后再扯到大問(wèn)題上，要比一上來(lái)就大開(kāi)口更容易爭(zhēng)取到對(duì)方的答應(yīng)。

　　Inversely, if you are asking for a small favor but still know that they will probably say no, start by asking them for a huge favor. Then when they say no, ask for the smaller one. They’re more likely to say yes, especially if they feel a bit bad about turning down the first request.

　　相反，如果你覺(jué)得請(qǐng)求幫小忙的話，對(duì)方也很可能拒絕，那就干脆請(qǐng)求幫大忙。這樣當(dāng)對(duì)方拒絕幫大忙時(shí)，你就可以要求幫個(gè)小忙了。這種情況下，對(duì)方一般都會(huì)答應(yīng)你，因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)因?yàn)榫芙^了你的第一次請(qǐng)求而感到不好意思。

　　7. If you find a co-worker to be completely wrong about something especially in a meeting or work situation, it’s better to make yourself the point of reference.

　　7. 如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)同事在某件事上徹底搞錯(cuò)了，特別是在會(huì)議或工作場(chǎng)合，那么最好拿自己作參考點(diǎn)。

　　For example:

　　舉個(gè)例子：

　　Bad: Dwight, I think you have got it completely wrong!!!!!

　　反面：Dwight，我覺(jué)得你完全搞錯(cuò)了!!!!

　　Better: I don’t think I understood it correctly. From what I understand, it says this _____. Am I wrong on this point?

　　正面：我想我可能在理解上有點(diǎn)偏頗。根據(jù)我的理解，你的意思是 ，我的理解對(duì)嗎?

　　8. People who have cars with bumper stickers are more likely to exhibit road rage.

　　8. 保險(xiǎn)杠后有車貼的人更傾向有馬路殺手行為，所以按喇叭之前還是三思吧。

　　You may want to think twice before laying on the horn. A study at Colorado State University found drivers who use decals, dashboard hulas, and vanity plates, are more likely to be road ragers than others. Researchers say it comes down to the fact that people who mark their territory appear to be a bit more aggressive.

　　科羅拉多州立大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，車貼花里胡哨、車牌個(gè)性虛榮的車主更可能是馬路殺手。研究人員說(shuō)，事實(shí)表明，標(biāo)記自己領(lǐng)域所有權(quán)的人顯得更具有挑釁性。