過去完成時態(tài)的用法
什么是過去完成時?顧名思義，過去完成時代表著在過去的某個時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，也就是說，如果一個動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，我們就可以用過去完成時。下面學習啦小編就講講過去完成時的用法。
一、過去完成時的用法
1. 過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動作。這個過去的時間常用by，before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。
I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚飯前就把作業(yè)做完了。
The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我們到劇場時戲已經(jīng)開始了。
By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他們已經(jīng)治療了一萬多病人。
2. 過去完成時還可表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或還要持續(xù)下去，常與for，since等詞連用。如：
He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部隊干了十年，去年退役了。
He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告訴我他從小就認識她。
He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英國深造前，已學了八年英語。
3. 在一段情景連貫的文字中，先發(fā)生的事放在后面敘述時，要用過去完成時。如：
Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 湯姆乘飛機回家，他的父親卻已經(jīng)去世了。
4. 過去完成時也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。
He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他剛離開房間，他們就議論起他來。
We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.
我們剛開始就被叫停。
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用這樣的語調(diào)跟我講話，這是第一次。
二、過去完成時與一般過去時的比較
1. 當一個由before, after, as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的動作和主句的動作緊接著發(fā)生時，兩個動作均可用一般過去時來表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.
做完早操后，我們吃早飯。
The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月臺時火車剛開走。
They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他們一到地里就開始耕地。
2. 按時間順序敘述兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作時，用一般過去時。
He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走進屋子，打開燈，坐在桌子旁。
3. 在表示某人過去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“計劃”、“想法”、“許諾”等時，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等謂語動詞常用過去完成時。
I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train. 我本來希望昨晚回來的，但沒搭上火車。
We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我們本想早回來的，但他們不讓我們走。
4. 在表示過去的句子中出現(xiàn)常與完成時態(tài)連用的詞，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，never及次數(shù)名詞等時，常用過去完成時來表示。
When we got there the basketball match had already started. 我們到那里時，籃球賽已經(jīng)開始了。
The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been. 老人說他想到他從未去過的地方去。
5. 如果句中出現(xiàn)了表示具體的過去時間的狀語，句子的內(nèi)容為過去的實際情況或句子的內(nèi)容為歷史事實時，句中的動詞時態(tài)常用一般過去時。如：
The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老師說是哥倫布最早發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲大陸。
6. 表述說話人始料未及的事情時，句子的謂語動詞常用一般過去時。由于受漢語表述習慣的影響，常會用錯時態(tài)。
Jack, you are also here! I didn’t see you. 杰克，你也在這啊!我沒有看見你。
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