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      學習啦>學習英語>英語知識大全>

      省略句在英語中的類型和用法(2)

      時間: 燕妮639 分享

        3.賓語從句中的省略

        1)在及物動詞后面所接的賓語從句中,連詞that 一般可以省略;但如果及物動詞后面是由that引導的兩個或兩個以上的并列的賓語從句 ,那么只有第一個that可以省略。如:

        a) I think (that) the reform of the renminbi's exchange rate is necessary. 我認為人民幣兌換率的改革是必要的。

        b) He said (that)the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order 他說《 反分裂國家法》已被通過,而且胡錦濤同志已簽署了主席令。

        2)由 which , when ,where , how,和 why 引導的 賓語從句,可以全部或部分省略。如:

        a) I know that NBA star Yao Ming will come to our city but I don&rsquo;t know when (he will come to our city).我知道NBA明星要到我們城市來但我不知道他什么時候來。

        b) He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why (he wants to move abroad)他想搬遷到國外但他的父母想知道為什么。

        4.在與suggest ,request ,order ,advise 等詞相關的名詞性從句中,須用虛擬語氣形式“should +動詞原形”,should可以省略。如:

        Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year (should) last long in various forms.法國總統(tǒng)希拉克建議中法文化年以各種各樣的形式長期持續(xù)。

        5.主句省略多用于句首。如:

        (It is a ) Pity that I didn&rsquo;t go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.很遺憾,我昨天沒有去參加瑪麗的生日聚會。

        6.在答語中,主句可全部省略。如:

        &mdash;Why were you absent from school last Friday ?&mdash;(I was absent from school)Because my mother was ill. &mdash;上周五你為什么沒有上學? &mdash;因為我媽媽病了。

        三、簡單句中的省略

        1.省略主語

        1)祈使句中的主語通常被省略 如:

        (You) Open the door, please. 請開一下門。

        2) 其它省略主語多限于現(xiàn)成的說法 如:

        a) (I) Thank you for your help 謝謝你的幫助。

        b) (It)Doesn&rsquo;t matter.沒關系。

        2.省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分 如:

        a) (There is) No smoking. 禁止抽煙

        b) (Is there)anything else ? 還有其他事嗎 ?

        c) (You come)This way please.請這邊走。

        d) (Will you) Have a smoke ? 抽煙嗎 ?

        3.省略賓語 如:

        &mdash;Do you know Mr. Li ? 你認識李先生嗎?&mdash; I don&rsquo;t know (him.) 我不認識他

        4.省略表語 如:

        &mdash;Are you thirsty ? 你30歲了嗎? Yes , I am (thirsty). 是的,我是。

        5.同時省略幾個成分 如:

        a) &mdash;Are you feeling better now? 你覺得好些了嗎 ?&mdash;(I am feeling ) Much better (now) 好多了。

        b) (I wish) Good luck (to you) .祝你好運/祝你順利。

        四、動詞不定式省略,只保留to 的場合

        1.不定式作某些動詞的賓語時,這些動詞常見的有:love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean , try , oblige , advise , persuade , agree , want , afford , forget , remember , try , manage等。如:

        a)&mdash; You should have thanked her before you left . &mdash;I meant to ,but when I was leaving I couldn&rsquo;t find her anywhere.&mdash;你本該在離開前謝謝她。&mdash;我本打算這么做,但當我就要離開的時候我卻找不到她了。(2000上海春)

        b) You can do it this way if you like to .如果你想做,你可以這么做。

        2.不定式作某些動詞的賓語補足語或主語補足語時,這些動詞常見的有:ask , tell ,advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit , forbid ,expect, order ,warn 等。如 :

        a) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ,but his mother told him not to. 男孩想在街上騎他的自行車,但他母親不讓。(NMET1995)

        b) She wants to come but her parents won&rsquo;t allow her to (come). 她想來,可是她父母不讓。

        3.不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語時,常見的形容詞有:happy, glad ,eager , anxious , willing , ready 等。如:

        &mdash; I will be away on a business trip .Could you mind looking after my cat ?   &mdash; Not at all.I would be happy to (look after your cat). &mdash;我要出差,你能幫我照顧一下我的貓嗎?&mdash;沒關系,我很愿意。

        4.不定式作某些復合謂語時,常見結構如:be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等。如:

        He doesn&rsquo;t like fish but he used to 他現(xiàn)在不喜歡吃魚,但過去喜歡。

        五、動詞不定式to 的省略

        1.主語部分有to do ,系動詞 is 或 was 時 ,作表語的不定式通常省去to。如:

        The only thing you have to do is press the button.你必須做的惟一事情是按按鈕。

        2.作介詞but ,expect ,besides 的賓語,前面又有實意動詞 do時,不定式通常省去to. 如:

        He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-“independence” timetable.他說陳水扁除了推進支持“獨立”的時間表外,什么也沒有做。

        3.主語部分暗含to do,表語中的不定式通常省去to。如:

        All I want (to do) is go to school and study hard .我想要(做)的就是上學,努力學習。

        4.當兩個或多個不定式并列時,其后的不定式符號可以省略,但有對比關系時不可省略。如:

        It is easier to say than to do . 說起來容易,做起來難。

        5.在would rather&hellip;than&hellip; 等結構中,不定式符號常常要省略. 如:

        I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.我寧愿呆在家也不愿去看電影。

        6.在see ,watch ,notice ,hear, listen to ,look at ,feel ,have, make, let ,observe 等詞后作賓語補足語時省略不定式符號to;why (not) do 結構 中, 不定式不帶to。如:

        a) I saw her enter the room. 我看見她進入了房間

        b) Why not join us ?為什么不加入到我們的行列里來呢?

        六.其他一些省略結構

        1.名詞所有格修飾的名詞,若表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過的事物時,常??梢允÷浴H纾?/p>

        We spent the weekend at the Mary's. 我們在瑪麗家過的周末。

        2.What和 how引導的感嘆句中,??墒÷灾髡Z it 和be動詞 如:

        a) What a wonderful victory (it is ) for Tom ! 這對Tom來說是個多么大的勝利呀!

        b) How beautiful (it is ) to be treated like a normal child. 被當作一個正常孩子對待對他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。

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