初中英語語法講解
看不懂初中英語語法,來看看初中英語語法講解吧。下面是學習啦小編給大家整理的初中英語語法講解的相關知識,供大家參閱!
初中英語語法講解:可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞
在可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞上一般出現(xiàn)這樣幾類,(1)分辨是哪一類名詞,并根據(jù)結(jié)論做選擇。(2)可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化。(3)不可數(shù)名詞的量化表達。所以,考生首先要能夠明確哪些是可數(shù)名詞,哪些是不可數(shù)名詞。其次,還要知道可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)的變化規(guī)則??蓴?shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則一般是在單詞后面加-s 或-es,如:
1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos
hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos
2bus---buses box---boxes
watch---watches brush---brushes
3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes
hero---heroes Negro---Negroes
4 leaf---leaves knife---knives
5baby---babies family---families
另外,還要記住一些特殊的名詞的變化形式,如:
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
Russian---Russians American---Americans
German --- Germans
child---children foot---feet
man---men woman---women
tooth---teeth goose --- geese
deer---deer sheep---sheep
還要掌握不可數(shù)名詞的量化表達有: a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of
另外,大家應注意:單數(shù)集合名詞作主語時謂語動詞“數(shù)的”變化:單數(shù)集合名詞如class, police, family, school, group, team等。盡管形式上是單數(shù),意義上都是復數(shù),因此,一般要與復數(shù)謂語動詞連用,例如:
Class Five have a foreign friend.
五班有一位外國朋友。(這里的五班指五班的同學的。)
His family are good to me. 他的家人對我很好。(很顯然,這里的family指家庭成員。)當上述集合名詞著重指“整體”時, 意義上則是單數(shù),因此,要與單數(shù)謂語動詞連用。例如,
Our school team often plays well in our city.
我們的校隊經(jīng)常在我們市踢得很好。(這里的team 指整個隊,但意義上仍為單數(shù),故謂語動詞用plays.
初中英語語法講解:名詞所有格
名詞所有格有兩種形式:一是加‟s,一種是用of來表示。一般情況下,指某人的某物用‟s表示,而指某物的什么用of 短語來表示。另外,要注意凡是以s結(jié)尾的名詞或規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù),不能直接加‟s,而應該加-‟即可。例如,boys
‟ clothes girls‟ dresses。 不過,注意例外情況,例如, the boss‟s handwriting,其中the boss‟s 的-‟s不可省略。因為在英語中,如果以-s 或-ss 結(jié)尾的名詞不是復數(shù)復數(shù)形式,那么其名詞所有格仍加-„s。那么你會說“瓊斯的小汽車”嗎?對,Jones‟s car。
下面我們來做一部分習題。
1. June 1st is ___ Day.
A. Child‟s B. Childs‟ C. Childrens‟ D. Children‟s
答案:D
2. I need ___ paper, Mum. I want to write ___ letter to my English teacher.
A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some,any
答案:B
3. There are two ___ and three ___ on the table.
A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks
答案:D
4. We have got a lot of___ today.
A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to do
D. book to read
答案:B
5. We could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park.
A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many
答案:C
6. Will you pass me ___?
A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks
D. some chalks
答案:A
7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.
A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers
D. Friends of her
答案:B
下面請大家自己練習一下。
1. September 10th is ___ Day.
A. the Teacher B. Teachers‟ C. Teacher D. Teacher‟s
答案:B
2. ---Can I help you, sir?
---I‟d like to have 100___. I want the students to draw pictures on them.
A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper
答案:B
3. ---Would you like ___ milk, please?
---No, thank you. I still have some.
A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all
答案:A
4. ___ the old woman is in!
A. What good health B. How a good health C. What a good health D. How good health 答案:A
?、?What + a(n) + 形容詞 + 單數(shù)名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
② What + 形容詞 + 復數(shù)名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
?、?What + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
④ How + 形容詞/副詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
?、?How + 形容詞 + a(n) + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
?、?How + 主語 + 謂語!
5. I’m going to help ___ with ___ English.
A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancy’s, her
C. a friend of Nancy’s, hers D. a friend of Nancy, her
答案:B
6. The two desks here are ___. You may use the desk over there.
A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and Jane’s
D. Mary’s and Jane’s
答案:D
初中英語語法講解:形容詞講解及練習
1. 有些表語形容詞前不可用very,而要用much,very much等副詞,如用much afraid,fast asleep。
2. alive也可用定語形容詞,常后置。He is the oldest man alive。
3. 名詞化的形容詞用于指人時,應看作是復數(shù),用于指物時,表示整體抽象概念,應看作是單數(shù),謂語動詞用單三:The old like a quiet place。The unusual is not always the best。
4. 名詞化的形容詞連在一起使用時可省略冠詞:Old and young should hepl each other。
5. 當有兩個以上的形容詞用來修飾一名詞時,其順序如下:限定詞(冠詞,物主代詞,指示代詞,不定代詞)→數(shù)詞(序數(shù)詞,基數(shù)詞)→表性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)的描繪形容詞(短語在前,長語在后)→表特征的形容詞(大小、長短、形狀、新舊、年齡、溫度)→表顏色的形容詞→表屬性的形容詞(包括國籍等專有名詞)→表材料、質(zhì)地的形容詞→名詞性定語(包括名詞、動名詞)+ 名詞:the last four beautiful big new blue Spanish wooden citizen houses
6. good的反義詞是bad,而well的反義詞是ill。
7. elder和eldest是用來表示家族關系的長幼順序,只作定語形容詞。而older和oldest是用來表示年齡的比較,以及事物的新舊,既可作定語形容詞,也可作表語形容詞。
8. later和latest指時間的先后,但latter和last指順序的先后。
9. farther和farthest主要反映“距離”或“時間”的比較,表示“較遠的”“最遠的”。而further和furthest主要指“程度”,表示“進一步的”和“最大限度的”。
10. A 兩者比較,表示一方高于另一方:比較級+than
B 兩者比較,表示同樣的程度:as + 原級 +as
C 兩者比較,表示一方不如另一方:not so(as)+原級+as
D 兩者比較,表示一方程度淺一些:less + 原級 + than
E 用于三者或三者以上,表示其中一方最„:the + 最高級 + 比較范圍
11. 某人或某物在與同類相比時,這個“某人或物”應排除在被比者之外,常需用到other,else。
12. 比較級前可用MANY,MUCH,FAR,A BIT, A LITTLE, A GREAT DEAL OF, A LOT等詞表示程度或差別。
13. 同一人或物,比較其兩種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài),不管形容詞是單音節(jié)或多音節(jié),一律用more„than:He is more wise than diligent。
15. already,yet,still
already一般用于肯定名,也可用于預料能得到肯定回答的疑問句中,表示某事已發(fā)生;yet一般用于否定句或疑問句中位于句末,意為“還,已經(jīng)”;still一般用于肯定句,也可用于疑問句,意為“仍然,還”。
I have already read the book./ We haven’t made speeches yet./ Is my skirt dry yet?/ I still hope to get some advice from you on my studies.
16. too,also,as well,either
前三者意思相近,一般不用于否定句中,否定句中用either。Too常位于名末,也緊接在主語后面;also一般用于肯定句和疑問句中,位于be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞之后,實義動詞之前;as well一般位于句末;either也一般位于句末。 They grow cotton, too./ He his also interested in computers./ He is a teacher, and a poet as well./ You didn’t go and she didn’t go, either.
17. faily,rather,quite
A三者都可以修飾形容詞和副詞,都有“相當”的意思,但failry詞義最弱,quite稍強,rather最強。Fairly一般表示肯定、褒義,rather有時表示否定、貶義。It is fairly cool today. It is rather cold today.
B quite和rather可以修飾動詞,而fairly不能。
I don’t quite understand what you said./ I rather like the song.
18. so,neither,nor
so可用在“so+助動詞+主語”的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中,表示“也”,位置在助動詞前,so的這種用法只能在肯定句里名勝;在否定句中用neither或nor,結(jié)構(gòu)相同,表示“也不”。
He has seen the film. So have I .
Jim doesn’t like the novel. Neither (Nor) does Linda.
19. ago, before
A “時間段+ago”表示從現(xiàn)在往前推算的“一段時間以前”,而“時間段+before”表示從過去某時刻再往前推算的“一段時間以前”。因此,前者常與一般過去時連用,后者常與過去完成時連用。He bought a violin a week ago. From his letter I knew that he had bought a violin a week before
B before可表示不確定的過去,而ago則不能: Have you been there before?
20. very, much, very much
very可修飾形容詞及副詞,不能直接修飾動詞,修飾動詞時,要用much或very much;much除了修飾動詞外,還可修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級及過去分詞;very much也可修飾過去分詞:
The novel is very good./ This novel is much better than that one. / Her Japanese is improved very much.
21. 像afraid, alive, awake, asleep, alone以“a”開頭的形容詞,一般不能用very修飾。
22. deep與deeply都可作副詞,但意義不同:deep指的是深淺的“深”,如:dig deep。Deeply的意思是“涂地、深刻地、深厚地”,有引申含義。如:We are deeply moved by his deeds.
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23. high與highly都可作副詞,但意義不同。High指的是高低的“高”,如:jump high;highly的意思是“高度地,高貴地”,有引申含義。如:She is highly praised.
24. not是副詞,不能直接修飾名詞,no是形容詞,能位于名詞前作定語,有時no=not any。如: I have no brothers=I have no any brothers
25. 某人或某物在與同類比較時,某人或某物應排除在被比者之外:Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. Shanghai is larger than any of the other cities in China.
26. 用最高級時,主語本身應包括在最高級所指的范圍之中。He is the oldest of all the classmates.
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