考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理
參加考研英語(yǔ)的考試,學(xué)會(huì)這幾個(gè)語(yǔ)法,不說(shuō)橫行霸道,且說(shuō)穩(wěn)打穩(wěn)扎。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,供大家參閱!
考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:倒裝句
完全倒裝
1.表示方位或時(shí)間的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首,主語(yǔ)是名詞,符合上述兩個(gè)條件,主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)可完全倒裝。標(biāo)志詞為:here, there, up, down, in, out, away, off, then, on the hill, in the river等。倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”變?yōu)?ldquo;謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)”,成分形式?jīng)]有變化,句子內(nèi)容不增不減。
【例句】
The soccer fans rushed out.
掌握英語(yǔ)從聽(tīng)開(kāi)始,海量免費(fèi)英語(yǔ)資料盡在普特英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力網(wǎng)www.putclub.com
=Out rushed the soccer fans.
球迷們沖了出去。
2.such位于句首時(shí),主謂完全倒裝。
【例句】Such was Norman Bethune, a noble person, a pure person, a moral person, and a vulgar person.這就是白求恩,一個(gè)高尚的人,一個(gè)純粹的人,一個(gè)有道德的人,一個(gè)脫離了低級(jí)趣味的人。
部分倒裝
部分倒裝指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前,而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞無(wú)變化。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did,并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。 英語(yǔ)句子的倒裝一是由于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝,二是由于修辭的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝。前一種情況,倒裝是必需的,否則就會(huì)出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤;后一種情況,倒裝是選擇性的,倒裝與否只會(huì)產(chǎn)生表達(dá)效果上的差異。倒裝句是最突出、最常見(jiàn)的修辭效果就是強(qiáng)調(diào)。
1.Only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
Only+狀語(yǔ)+特定的動(dòng)詞+主+謂
特定的動(dòng)詞包括:
助動(dòng)詞:do, does, did, have, has, had
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:can, could, shall, should, will
be動(dòng)詞:am, is, are, was, were
【例句】
Because you gave someone a ring, I stumbled.
=Only because you gave someone a ring did I stumble.
因?yàn)槟愦蛄藗€(gè)電話(huà),所以我絆倒了。
2.否定詞提前至句首主謂部分倒裝
結(jié)構(gòu):否定副詞+特定動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
1)否定副詞
常用否定副詞:not, no, never, neither
特殊否定副詞:seldom, few, little, barely, hardly, scarcely, rarely, in vain
2)特定動(dòng)詞
助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,be動(dòng)詞
①No sooner„than, scarcely/hardly„when表示否定意義的詞位于句首時(shí)常用部分倒裝
【例句】
When I saw you for the first time, I fell in love deeply with you.
=No sooner had I seen you for the first time than I fell in love deeply with you.
=Hardly had I seen you for the first time when I fell in love deeply with you.
當(dāng)我看見(jiàn)你的時(shí)候,就深深地愛(ài)上了你。
②Not only+特定動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ),but also+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
【例句】
Internet has changed our living habit, and enhanced the efficiency of the government.
=Not only has Internet changed our living habit, but also enhanced the efficiency of the
網(wǎng)絡(luò)不僅改變了我們的生活習(xí)慣也提高了政府的工作效率。
3.so„that結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝句:so為副詞,副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞以及副詞本身。因此有兩種形式的so„that倒裝
1)主語(yǔ)+ be+ so+表語(yǔ)(形容詞)+that+從句(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)
變倒裝:so+表語(yǔ)(形容詞)+be+主語(yǔ)+that+從句(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)
【例句】
The food price is so high that we cannot afford any more.
=So high is the food price that we cannot afford any more.
菜價(jià)如此之高,我們都承受不起。
2)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+so+副詞(狀語(yǔ))+that+從句(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)
變倒裝:so+副詞(狀語(yǔ))+特定動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+that+從句(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)
【例句】
You said your phone number so fast that I hardly wrote it down.
=So fast did you say your phone number that I hardly wrote it down.
你剛才電話(huà)號(hào)碼說(shuō)得太快了,我沒(méi)有記錄下來(lái)。
4.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
1)表語(yǔ)倒裝
Although主語(yǔ)+系語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ),主句
變倒裝:表語(yǔ)+as/though+主語(yǔ)+系語(yǔ),主句
【例句】
Although many consumers are clever, they are always deceived by advertisements.
=Clever as/though many consumers are, they are always deceived by advertisements.
盡管很多消費(fèi)者很聰明,但還是老上廣告的當(dāng)。
2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的倒裝
Although+主語(yǔ)+特定動(dòng)詞+謂語(yǔ),主句
變倒裝:謂語(yǔ)+as/though+主語(yǔ)+特定動(dòng)詞,主句
【例句】
Although you may object, I’ll go.
=Object as you may, I’ll go.
縱使你反對(duì),我也要去。
3)狀語(yǔ)的倒裝
Although主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ),主句
變倒裝:狀語(yǔ)+as/though+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ),主句
【例句】
Although I like Paris much, I couldn’t live there.
=Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there.
盡管我喜歡巴黎,但我不能住在那里。
考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:強(qiáng)調(diào)句
強(qiáng)調(diào)句是一種修辭,是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式。通過(guò)各種方式對(duì)句子中的某個(gè)部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),從而起到修辭的作用。今天我們就來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下強(qiáng)調(diào)句的相關(guān)知識(shí)。
英語(yǔ)常用的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是“It is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ))+who (that)„”。一般說(shuō)來(lái),被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí),用who;指事物時(shí)用that,但that也可以指人。在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中指事物時(shí)常用which來(lái)代替that。
1.簡(jiǎn)單句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型之間的互換
簡(jiǎn)單句:主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+定語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)→It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分:只限于主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)
Who:強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)是人,并僅限于主語(yǔ)
【例句】Mr. Wang encountered the sixth girlfriend in his wife in Comrade Street at the age of five.王先生五歲那年在同志街邂逅了他一生當(dāng)中的第六個(gè)女朋友。
(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)
It wasMr. Wangwho encountered the sixth girlfriend in his wife in Comrade Street at the age of five.
(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)
It wasthe sixth girlfriend in his lifethat Mr. Wang encountered in Comrade Street at the age of five.
(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
It wasin Comrade Streetthat Mr. Wang encountered the sixth girlfriend in his wife at the age of five.
(4)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
It wasat the age of fivethat Mr. Wang encountered the sixth girlfriend in his life in Comrade Street.
2.如何強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)
借助助動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ),助動(dòng)詞包括do/does/did,根據(jù)不同的時(shí)態(tài)和不同的主語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)有不同選擇,助動(dòng)詞介入時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要變成原形。
(1)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)、第二人稱(chēng)或復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ),時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),用do。
【例句】
I appreciate your help.
I do appreciate your help.
(2)時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),用did。
【例句】
I made a dream last night.
I did make a dream last night.
(3)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)或單數(shù)主語(yǔ),時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),用does。
【例句】
She becomes a man.
She does become a man.
3.真題中強(qiáng)調(diào)句的解析
It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden, though in a“liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.
譯文:雖然(說(shuō)這話(huà))在某種意義上說(shuō)有點(diǎn)隨性,但正是這種對(duì)自然或明或暗的描述,才使得用“花園”一詞來(lái)形容這些人工建筑顯得那么貼切。
句式還原:
(1)It is„that„(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
(2)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分this implicit or explicit reference to nature在that引導(dǎo)的從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。 →將被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分還原于從句變?yōu)楹?jiǎn)單句:This implicit or explicit reference to nature fully justifies the use of word garden to describe these synthetic constructions.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句屬于一種特殊句式,雖不算太常見(jiàn),但在閱讀和翻譯中也會(huì)時(shí)有出現(xiàn),考生也應(yīng)認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí),不能忽視。