劍橋雅思14Test1閱讀Passage1文章題目為兒童游戲的重要性，這篇文章考試題型比較經(jīng)典，是按照順序出題的。這有利于我們從閱讀原文中找到答案。接下來一起來看看劍橋雅思14Test1閱讀Passage1真題內(nèi)容。

劍橋雅思14Test1閱讀Passage1真題文本

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

THE IMPORTANCE OF CHILDREN’ S PLAY

Brick by brick, six-year-old Alice is building a magical kingdom. Imagining fairy-tale turrets and fire-breathing dragons, wicked witches and gallant heroes, she’s creating an enchanting world. Although she isn’t aware of it, this fantasy is helping her take her first steps towards her capacity for creativity and so it will have important repercussions in her adult life.

Minutes later, Alice has abandoned the kingdom in favour of playing schools with her younger brother. When she bosses him around as his ‘teacher’, she’s practising how to regulate her emotions through pretence. Later on, when they tire of this and settle down with a board game, she’s learning about the need to follow rules and take turns with a partner.

‘Play in all its rich variety is one of the highest achievements of the human species,’ says Dr David Whitebread from the Faculty of Education at the University of Cambridge, UK. ‘It underpins how we develop as intellectual, problem-solving adults and is crucial to our success as a highly adaptable species.’

Recognising the importance of play is not new: over two millennia ago, the Greek philosopher Plato extolled its virtues as a means of developing skills for adult life, and ideas about play-based learning have been developing since the 19th century.

But we live in changing times, and Whitebread is mindful of a worldwide decline in play, pointing out that over half the people in the world now live in cities. ‘The opportunities for free play, which I experienced almost every day of my childhood, are becoming increasingly scarce,’ he says. Outdoor play is curtailed by perceptions of risk to do with traffic, as well as parents’ increased wish to protect their children from being the victims of crime, and by the emphasis on ‘earlier is better’ which is leading to greater competition in academic learning and schools.

International bodies like the United Nations and the European Union have begun to develop policies concerned with children’s right to play, and to consider implications for leisure facilities and educational programmes. But what they often lack is the evidence to base policies on.

‘The type of play we are interested in is child-initiated, spontaneous and unpredictable - but, as soon as you ask a five-year-old “to play”, then you as the researcher have intervened,’ explains Dr Sara Baker. ‘And we want to know what the long-term impact of play is. It’s a real challenge.’

Dr Jenny Gibson agrees, pointing out that although some of the steps in the puzzle of how and why play is important have been looked at, there is very little data on the impact it has on the child’s later life.

Now, thanks to the university’s new Centre for Research on Play in Education, Development and Learning (PEDAL), Whitebread, Baker, Gibson and a team of researchers hope to provide evidence on the role played by play in how a child develops.

‘A strong possibility is that play supports the early development of children’s self-control,’ explains Baker. ‘This is our ability to develop awareness of our own thinking processes — it influences how effectively we go about undertaking challenging activities.’

In a study carried out by Baker with toddlers and young pre-schoolers, she found that children with greater self-control solved problems more quickly when exploring an unfamiliar set-up requiring scientific reasoning. ‘This sort of evidence makes us think that giving children the chance to play will make them more successful problem-solvers in the long run.’

If playful experiences do facilitate this aspect of development, say the researchers, it could be extremely significant for educational practices, because the ability to self-regulate has been shown to be a key predictor of academic performance.

Gibson adds: ‘Playful behaviour is also an important indicator of healthy social and emotional development. In my previous research, I investigated how observing children at play can give us important clues about their well-being and can even be useful in the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.’

Whitebread’s recent research has involved developing a play-based approach to supporting children’s writing. ‘Many primary school children find writing difficult, but we showed in a previous study that a playful stimulus was far more effective than an instructional one.’ Children wrote longer and better-structured stories when they first played with dolls representing characters in the story. In the latest study, children first created their story with Lego_ with similar results. ‘Many teachers commented that they had always previously had children saying they didn’t know what to write about. With the Lego building, however, not a single child said this through the whole year of the project.’

Whitebread, who directs PEDAL, trained as a primary school teacher in the early 1970s, when, as he describes, ‘the teaching of young children was largely a quiet backwater, untroubled by any serious intellectual debate or controversy.’ Now, the landscape is very different, with hotly debated topics such as school starting age.

‘Somehow the importance of play has been lost in recent decades. It’s regarded as something trivial, or even as something negative that contrasts with “work”. Let’s not lose sight of its benefits, and the fundamental contributions it makes to human achievements in the arts, sciences and technology. Let’s make sure children have a rich diet of play experiences.’

_Lego: coloured plastic building blocks and other pieces that can be joined together

Questions 1-8

Complete the notes below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.

Questions 9-13

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

9 Children with good self-control are known to be likely to do well at school later on.

10 The way a child plays may provide information about possible medical problems.

11 Playing with dolls was found to benefit girls’ writing more than boys’ writing.

12 Children had problems thinking up ideas when they first created the story with Lego.

13 People nowadays regard children’s play as less significant than they did in the past.

劍橋雅思14test1閱讀passage1原文譯文

passage 1

兒童嬉戲玩耍的重要性

THE IMPORTANCE OF CHILDREN’S PLAY

Brick by brick, six-year-old Alice is building a magical kingdom. Imagining fairy-tale turrets and fire-breathing dragons, wicked witches and gallant heroes, she’s creating an enchanting world. Although she isn’t aware of it, this fantasy is helping her take her first steps towards her capacity for creativity and so it will have important repercussions in her adult life.

一塊又一塊積木，六歲的Alice正在搭建一個魔法王國。通過想象那些童話故事里的塔樓和噴火的巨龍、邪惡的巫師和勇敢的英雄，她在創(chuàng)造一個充滿神秘魅力的世界。盡管她自己并沒有意識到這一點(diǎn)，但這種天馬行空的幻想正在幫助她邁出創(chuàng)造力的最初幾步，從而將會對她今后的成年生活產(chǎn)生重要的影響。

Minutes later, Alice has abandoned the kingdom in favour of playing schools with her younger brother. When she bosses him around as his ‘teacher’, she’s practising how to regulate her emotions through pretence. Later on, when they tire of this and settle down with a board game, she’s learning about the need to follow rules and take turns with a partner.

幾分鐘之后，Alice拋下了這個王國，開始和她的小弟弟玩起了假裝上學(xué)的游戲。當(dāng)她扮演他的“老師”指揮他干這干那的時候，她是在通過這種假扮行為練習(xí)如何控制自己的情緒。再后來，等他們玩膩了這個游戲，坐下來開始進(jìn)行一局棋盤游戲的時候，她是在學(xué)習(xí)了解：需要遵守規(guī)則并與搭檔交替出手。

‘Play in all its rich variety is one of the highest achievements of the human species,’ says Dr David Whitebread from the Faculty of Education at the University of Cambridge, UK. ‘It underpins how we develop as intellectual, problem-solving adults and is crucial to our success as a highly adaptable species.’

“玩耍嬉戲，以其各種各樣的豐富形式，是人類這個物種最偉大的成就之一，”英國劍橋大學(xué)教育系的David Whitebread博士這樣說?！八鼮槲覀?nèi)绾纬砷L為有智慧、能解決問題的成年人奠定了基礎(chǔ)，也對我們成功地成為一個有著高度適應(yīng)能力的物種起著至關(guān)重要的作用。

Recognising the importance of play is not new: over two millennia ago, the Greek philosopher Plato extolled its virtues as a means of developing skills for adult life, and ideas about play-based learning have been developing since the 19th century.

對游戲之重要性的認(rèn)可并非什么新鮮事：兩千多年以前，希臘哲學(xué)家柏拉圖(Plato)就熱烈贊美了它的好處，認(rèn)為它是為成年生活開發(fā)各項(xiàng)技能的手段，而自從19世紀(jì)以來就不斷在發(fā)展出各種寓學(xué)習(xí)于游戲的理念。

But we live in changing times, and Whitebread is mindful of a worldwide decline in play, pointing out that over half the people in the world now live in cities. ‘The opportunities for free play, which I experienced almost every day of my childhood, are becoming increasingly scarce,’he says. Outdoor play is curtailed by perceptions of risk to do with traffic, as well as parents’ increased wish to protect their children from being the victims of crime, and by the emphasis on ‘earlier is better’ which is leading to greater competition in academic learning and schools.

但我們生活在變化中的時代里，而Whitebread注意到了玩耍這件事在全球范圍內(nèi)的縮減，他指出：全世界有一半以上的人口現(xiàn)在居住在城市里。“自由玩耍，我在童年里幾乎每天都有機(jī)會體驗(yàn)，現(xiàn)在卻正變得越來越稀缺，”他說道。戶外玩耍活動之所以被削減，是出于對交通事故風(fēng)險的擔(dān)憂，以及家長們逐漸攀升的、保護(hù)自己孩子不受犯罪行為侵害的愿望，同時還由于當(dāng)前對“更早就是更好”的強(qiáng)調(diào)，這導(dǎo)致了在學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)和學(xué)校中更激烈的競爭。

International bodies like the United Nations and the European Union have begun to develop policies concerned with children’s right to play, and to consider implications for leisure facilities and educational programmes. But what they often lack is the evidence to base policies on.

諸如聯(lián)合國和歐盟這樣的國際組織己經(jīng)開始著手制定一些關(guān)注兒童游戲權(quán)利的政策，并開始考慮這對休閑設(shè)施和教育項(xiàng)目所產(chǎn)生的連帶影響。但他們通常所缺少的是賴以制定各項(xiàng)政策的證據(jù)。

‘The type of play we are interested in is child-initiated, spontaneous and unpredictable - but, as soon as you ask a five-year-old “to play”, then you as the researcher have intervened,’ explains Dr Sara Baker. ‘And we want to know what the long-term impact of play is. It’s a real challenge.’

“我們所感興趣的那類游戲是兒童自己開啟的、自發(fā)進(jìn)行的和不可預(yù)測的——但是，一且你讓一個五歲大的孩子‘去玩兒吧’，那你作為研究者就已經(jīng)是進(jìn)行了干預(yù)，”Sara Baker博士這樣解釋?！岸覀兿胍私庥螒虻拈L線影響是什么。這是個真正的挑戰(zhàn)?！?/p>

Dr Jenny Gibson agrees, pointing out that although some of the steps in the puzzle of how and why play is important have been looked at, there is very little data on the impact it has on the child’s later life.

Jenny Gibson博士表示同意并指出：雖然在游戲究竟何等重要、以及為什么如此重要這個謎題中，有一些階段已經(jīng)得到了審視研究，然而在它對兒童之后的人生究竟產(chǎn)生何種影響這個方面，還是數(shù)據(jù)寥寥。

Now, thanks to the university’s new Centre for Research on Play in Education, Development and Learning (PEDAL), Whitebread, Baker, Gibson and a team of researchers hope to provide evidence on the role played by play in how a child develops.

現(xiàn)在，多虧了這所大學(xué)新成立的“教育發(fā)展學(xué)習(xí)型游戲研究中心”(簡稱PEDAL)Whitebread、Baker、Gibson這些人和一支研究團(tuán)隊(duì)希望能提供出證據(jù)，展示游戲在一個兒童成長的過程中到底扮演何種角色。

‘A strong possibility is that play supports the early development of children’s self-control,’ explains Baker. ‘This is our ability to develop awareness of our own thinking processes — it influences how effectively we go about undertaking challenging activities.’

“存在這樣一種極大的可能性：游戲助力了兒童自我控制的早期發(fā)展階段，”Baker解釋說?！斑@種能力使我們有意識地關(guān)注自我的思考過程一一它影響到了我們能多有效率地去從事各種富于挑戰(zhàn)的活動。

In a study carried out by Baker with toddlers and young pre-schoolers, she found that children with greater self-control solved problems more quickly when exploring an unfamiliar set-up requiring scientific reasoning. ‘This sort of evidence makes us think that giving children the chance to play will make them more successful problem-solvers in the long run.’

Baker博士在一項(xiàng)對幼兒和學(xué)齡前兒童展開的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)：在探索一個需要引入科學(xué)分析的陌生領(lǐng)域時，有著更強(qiáng)自控力的兒童能更快地解決問題?！斑@類證據(jù)令我們確信，給予兒童嬉戲玩耍的機(jī)會從更長遠(yuǎn)來看將會讓他們成長為更成功的問題解決者。”

If playful experiences do facilitate this aspect of development, say the researchers, it could be extremely significant for educational practices, because the ability to self-regulate has been shown to be a key predictor of academic performance.

研究者們認(rèn)為，如果游戲體驗(yàn)確實(shí)能促進(jìn)這個方面的發(fā)展，這對于教育領(lǐng)域該如何舉動來說就是極度重要的，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)有證據(jù)證明：自我管控能力是學(xué)業(yè)成就高低的一個關(guān)鍵性預(yù)示因素。

Gibson adds: ‘Playful behaviour is also an important indicator of healthy social and emotional development. In my previous research, I investigated how observing children at play can give us important clues about their well-being and can even be useful in the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.’

Gibson補(bǔ)充說：“游戲行為還是健康的社交和情感發(fā)展的一個重要指標(biāo)。在先前的研究中，我曾了解過觀察游戲中的兒童如何可以為我們提供重要線索，從而看出他們是否處在良好的成長狀態(tài)，甚至還能為診斷出例如自閉癥這樣的神經(jīng)發(fā)展失調(diào)問題提供幫助?！?/p>

劍橋雅思14test1閱讀passage1答案解析

Question 1

答案：creativity

關(guān)鍵詞：magical kingdom, help

定位原文：原文第1段，Brick by brick, six-year-old Alice is building a magical kingdom. … Although she isn’t aware of it, this fantasy is helping her take her first steps towards her capacity for creativity and so it will have important repercussions in her adult life.

解題思路：選擇magical kingdom和help作為關(guān)鍵詞，空格做develop的賓語，所以可知是名詞，句意問的是“幫助發(fā)展…”?；氐皆欢ㄎ坏?段。第一段后半部分說到，由helping her take her first steps towards her capacity for creativity可知，幫助她發(fā)展的是capacity for creativity，填一個名詞，選擇creativity，創(chuàng)造力。

Question 2

答案：rules

關(guān)鍵詞：board games, turn-taking

定位原文：原文第2段，Later on, when they tire of this and settle down with a board game, she’s learning about the need to follow rules and take turns with a partner.

解題思路：利用board games及turn-taking可以直接定位到原文第2段最后一句。由題干可知，空格做involve的賓語，并且和turn-taking構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。在定位句中，turn-taking換成了take turns，與take turns構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系的是follow rules，由于我們的答案只能寫一個詞，所以involve和follow構(gòu)成替換關(guān)系，答案為rules。

Question 3

答案：cities

關(guān)鍵詞：changes, populations

定位原文：原文第5段，But we live in changing times, and Whitebread is mindful of a worldwide decline in play, pointing out that over half the people in the world now live in cities.

解題思路：利用changes定位到原文第5段的changing times。題干中問的是“…的人口增長了”，所以進(jìn)一步利用populations定位，空格做of的賓語，是名詞或動名詞。在定位句中，populations換成了people，句中說的是“世界上超過半數(shù)的人口現(xiàn)在生活在城市中”，由此可知，是“城市的人口增長了”。

Question 4

答案：traffic

關(guān)鍵詞：opportunities, fear

定位原文：原文第5段，‘The opportunities for free play, which I experienced almost every day of my childhood, are becoming increasingly scarce,’ he says. Outdoor play is curtailed by perceptions of risk to do with traffic, …

解題思路：根據(jù)填空題的順序性，利用opportunities可以確定大致定位。題干中的limited替換原文的curtailed(縮減)，fear替換原文的risk，所以fear(害怕)的是traffic。

Question 5

答案：crime

關(guān)鍵詞：fear, 并列關(guān)系

定位原文：原文第5段，Outdoor play is curtailed by perceptions of risk to do with traffic, as well as parents’ increased wish to protect their children from being the victims of crime, …

解題思路：承接第四題，第五題問的也是fear(害怕)什么，答案位于of后面，同樣是一個名詞或動名詞，且和上一題的traffic構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。原文定位句中，as well as表示并列關(guān)系，后面的句子中，說到“家長越來越希望保護(hù)孩子免受犯罪行為侵害”，所以，fear(害怕)的應(yīng)該是犯罪行為，即原文中的crime。

Question 6

答案：competition

關(guān)鍵詞：increased, schools

定位原文：原文第5段，… and by the emphasis on ‘earlier is better’ which is leading to greater competition in academic learning and schools.

解題思路：題干問到“學(xué)校里增加的…”，需要一個名詞。承接第四題和第五題，第六題信息與traffic及crime構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。在原文中，and的后面為答案所在的部分，其中，題干中的increased換成了greater，所以答案為competition。

Question 7

答案：evidence

關(guān)鍵詞：international policies, difficult

定位原文：原文第6段，International bodies like the United Nations and the European Union have begun to develop policies concerned with children’s right to play, … But what they often lack is the evidence to base policies on.

解題思路：利用international policies定位文章文章第6段，原文中替換成了international bodies，題干中空格做find的賓語，所以是名詞。句意為，“很難找到…來支持新政策”，回到文章中，對應(yīng)but 轉(zhuǎn)折之后，lack(缺乏)替換了“difficult to find”，所以缺少的是evidence。

Question 8

答案：life

關(guān)鍵詞：impact, rest

定位原文：原文第7-8段，‘And we want to know what the long-term impact of play is. … Dr Jenny Gibson agrees, pointing out that although some of the steps in the puzzle of how and why play is important have been looked at, there is very little data on the impact it has on the child’s later life.

解題思路：題干問的是，“調(diào)查需要研究玩耍對于孩子們余下的…的影響”空格處需要一個名詞。impact在第7段和第8段各出現(xiàn)了一次，第7段的impact大致說明了research的內(nèi)容，第8段的impact具體說到“the impact it has on the child’s later life”，所以題干中的rest相當(dāng)于原文中的later，空格答案為life。

Question 9

答案：TRUE

關(guān)鍵詞：children, self-control

定位原文：原文第11段，…she found that children with greater self-control solved problems more quickly when exploring an unfamiliar set-up requiring scientific reasoning. ‘This sort of evidence makes us think that giving children the chance to play will make them more successful problem-solvers in the long run.’

解題思路：利用children和self-control定位到原文第11段，題干中的good self-control替換成了greater self-control。從定位句中可以看出，自控力更強(qiáng)的孩子處理問題會更快，引號中的句子進(jìn)一步說明，in the long run(長期來看)，這會使得孩子們更成功地解決問題。這層意思與題干中說到的，“自控力很強(qiáng)的孩子可能在之后的校園生活中表現(xiàn)更好”，是基本吻合的，所以答案選擇TRUE。

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