托福閱讀提分的三大步驟
常有考生反映自己的托福閱讀備考效率不高，看似做了許多題目，但實(shí)際上真實(shí)的應(yīng)試能力和得分還是在原地踏步。之所以會(huì)有這類(lèi)問(wèn)題，大家需要檢討自己的閱讀備考方法。如何提升學(xué)習(xí)效率?下面小編就來(lái)為大家講解托福閱讀提分的三大步驟。
托福閱讀提分的三大步驟
第一，掌握詞匯
在托福考試的備考過(guò)程中，詞匯是至關(guān)重要的，每一道題都和單詞息息相關(guān)。背單詞的根本捷徑就是要堅(jiān)持。首先選擇一本亂序的托福詞匯書(shū)，按計(jì)劃每天背誦一百個(gè)左右，這一百個(gè)單詞可以分三組來(lái)背，早上三十，中午三十，下午三十。記住背完單詞之后，當(dāng)天晚上一定要進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)和檢查，檢查的方式可以是英譯中，中譯英或者聽(tīng)譯，整理出沒(méi)有記住的單詞，第二天早晨復(fù)習(xí)。然后集中刷托福的詞匯題，一天刷50題左右，在刷題的過(guò)程中積累核心詞匯。
第二，熟悉背景知識(shí)
很多學(xué)生在練習(xí)的過(guò)程中會(huì)遇到內(nèi)容太陌生的文章，以至于很難投入做題。比如TPO里面有一篇文章講到化學(xué)元素周期表，部分學(xué)生覺(jué)得讀起來(lái)很費(fèi)勁，然而化學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生做起來(lái)跟開(kāi)了外掛一樣爽。托福閱讀內(nèi)容的難度是國(guó)外大學(xué)程度的學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)文章的難度。所以學(xué)生在復(fù)習(xí)備考的過(guò)程中，如果時(shí)間充足的話(huà)，可以對(duì)托福閱讀所涉及的背景知識(shí)多一些了解，擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面，比如讀一些 The Economist 的文章。如果時(shí)間比較緊張，建議就拿TPO就可以了，通過(guò)做TPO了解相關(guān)背景知識(shí)。做完一篇文章后，還要整體地總結(jié)一下文章大意和思路，總結(jié)出每一段的段落大意。
第三，運(yùn)用解題技巧
托福閱讀考試一共有十種題型，詞匯題，句子簡(jiǎn)化題，指代題和句子插入題是對(duì)核心詞匯，句子核心意思和段內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的考察;細(xì)節(jié)題，推斷題，否定信息題和修辭目的題是對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的考察;六選三和表格題是對(duì)文章的分析和總結(jié)。
1. 細(xì)節(jié)題要注意利用關(guān)鍵詞定位，關(guān)鍵詞選擇數(shù)字，人名地名和專(zhuān)有名詞。找到關(guān)鍵詞所在的句子，和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行核對(duì)的時(shí)候注意同義替換，比如：
Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals.
In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in cetaceans?
A. It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.
B. It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.
C. It is the main difference between cetaceans and land-dwelling mammals.
D. It cannot yield clues about the origins of cetaceans.
根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞blowhole定位到 and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals，核對(duì)選項(xiàng)，conceal 和disguise 同義替換。
2. 句子簡(jiǎn)化題要求正確選項(xiàng)能夠準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)原句的核心意思，保證邏輯關(guān)系不變 (因果，轉(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，比較，并列)，主體不變和修飾不變。我們可以先從邏輯關(guān)系入手，排除一些選項(xiàng)，比如：
The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubstence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.
A Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the country because Democrates dominated in other areas.
B Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.
C The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' control of the market economy .
D The Democrats' power was greatest in poor areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully opening.
原句的“whereas”表示對(duì)比，與之相一致的只有D選項(xiàng)的“while”。
托福閱讀備考這3個(gè)做法讓學(xué)習(xí)提分事半功倍
1、備考閱讀不能忽視做題技巧
在托福閱讀的答題過(guò)程中不僅要掌握科學(xué)的備考方法，還需要掌握一些做題的技巧。例如說(shuō)在議論類(lèi)型的閱讀題當(dāng)中，我們同學(xué)可以按照“一線(xiàn)三定位”方法來(lái)解答。
”一線(xiàn)“就是議論文中存在的一條主基線(xiàn)，文章都是圍繞這條線(xiàn)來(lái)展開(kāi)?！比ㄎ弧熬褪嵌ㄎ活}干關(guān)鍵詞、定位與題干想干的段落、定位中心思想找出論證。按照這樣的方法去解答議論類(lèi)型題，我們可以既又準(zhǔn)確又快速地解答出題干的答案，也能為其他模塊的考試節(jié)省下很多時(shí)間。
2、備考時(shí)間有限，要盡快提高閱讀速度
在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)、訓(xùn)練中積極擴(kuò)大托福閱讀詞匯量。詞匯是學(xué)習(xí)任何一門(mén)外語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)，如果沒(méi)有一定的詞匯量作為基礎(chǔ)，很難想象我們能較為順暢地去理解一篇英文文章的內(nèi)容，也就更別提去提升我們的閱讀速度了。托福閱讀速度的提升一定是要建立在讀懂文章的基礎(chǔ)之上的。
平時(shí)如戰(zhàn)時(shí)，閱讀時(shí)注意力要高度集中。如果我們的思維很難與作者想表達(dá)的意圖產(chǎn)生共鳴，從而從根本上影響我們的閱讀質(zhì)量和速度。長(zhǎng)期大量閱讀，語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)從本質(zhì)上說(shuō)有一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程，這就決定了我們語(yǔ)言水平的提升要經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)量變到質(zhì)變的階段，而長(zhǎng)期大量的閱讀就是其中最重要的一點(diǎn)。
3、備考“英語(yǔ)化”，適應(yīng)考試潮流
在托福閱讀的練習(xí)過(guò)程匯總，英語(yǔ)的思維方式。從宏觀層面說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)思維是一種較為典型的線(xiàn)性思維、結(jié)果思維其不同于漢語(yǔ)的點(diǎn)性思維，而我們廣大學(xué)生在這一點(diǎn)上的相對(duì)空白，使得他們?cè)趯?shí)際的閱讀中，要不斷地把英文下意識(shí)地轉(zhuǎn)化成中文再進(jìn)行做題判斷，進(jìn)而大大影響做題速度。
針對(duì)這一點(diǎn)，我們就必須要下大力氣來(lái)提高我們的綜合英語(yǔ)實(shí)力以及語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。在平時(shí)的備考中多多背誦一些習(xí)語(yǔ)和慣用搭配，更加深入的了解托福閱讀文章。
托福閱讀材料：十大熱門(mén)求婚地點(diǎn)
Traditional marriage proposals could soon be consigned to the history books – with almost half of them now happening at home in front of the TV.
傳統(tǒng)的求婚方式可能很快就只在歷史書(shū)里出現(xiàn)了，現(xiàn)在幾乎有一半的求婚是在家里看電視的時(shí)候完成的。
A study of newlyweds has found modern men are ditching age-old traditional proposal custom in favour of a more lacklustre approach.
一項(xiàng)針對(duì)新婚夫婦的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)代人漸漸地不再遵循傳統(tǒng)的求婚習(xí)俗，而更傾向于沒(méi)有驚喜的平凡求婚方式。
The study found only a third of men now go down on one knee to pop the question as their fathers and grandfathers’ generations would have done.
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有三分之一的男性現(xiàn)在還會(huì)像他們的父輩和祖輩那樣單膝下跪求婚。
And the age-old tradition of asking the bride’s father for her hand in marriage is also on the verge of dying out with 63% of recently married males claiming they “didn’t bother”.
而另一項(xiàng)古老的傳統(tǒng)——就結(jié)婚事宜請(qǐng)求新娘父親的首肯——也在慢慢消失，有63%的新婚男性說(shuō)他們不再“這么費(fèi)事了”。
Even the idea of picking a romantic location to propose has fallen by the wayside, with the typical ‘Will you marry me?’ now most likely to take place at home.
連選一個(gè)浪漫求婚地點(diǎn)的想法也乏人問(wèn)津了。那句經(jīng)典的“你愿意嫁給我么?”大多是在家里說(shuō)出來(lái)的。
十大熱門(mén)求婚地點(diǎn) 猜猜第一名是哪里?
Only six percent bothered to take their partner abroad on holiday – but the same number of men proposed in the local pub – and 5.5% popped the question in the car.
只有6%的人會(huì)花心思把他們的伴侶帶到國(guó)外度假然后求婚，但是也有6%的男性在當(dāng)?shù)鼐瓢删颓罅嘶?，還有5.5%在汽車(chē)上求婚。
The study also found the average amount of time in a relationship before a proposal is now three years – so British women are taking matters into their own hands in a bid to get a proposal.
研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)求婚前平均戀愛(ài)時(shí)間是三年，所以英國(guó)女性們都會(huì)自己想辦法讓他們的伴侶向他們求婚。
Almost a third of women 29% now end up choosing their own ring, rather than letting their partner decide.
約有三分之一(29%)的女性現(xiàn)在連戒指都是自己選，而不是讓他們的伴侶選。
The typical bride-to-be will also enlist the help of at least one friend to help speed up a proposal – as well as dropping two major engagement hints to encourage their partner to pop the question.
一般準(zhǔn)新娘也會(huì)至少讓一個(gè)朋友幫忙推進(jìn)求婚的進(jìn)程，比如拋出兩個(gè)重要的關(guān)于訂婚的暗示來(lái)鼓動(dòng)伴侶早些求婚。
Casually asking ‘Who would you want as your best man?’, commenting on celebrities' engagement rings - and jokingly suggesting you apply for the TV show ‘Don't Tell the Bride’ are the most common tactics.
不經(jīng)意間問(wèn)他們“你想找誰(shuí)當(dāng)伴郎?”，評(píng)論一下名人的訂婚戒指，還會(huì)開(kāi)玩笑建議你去參加電視節(jié)目《新娘不得知》，這些都是最常用的技巧。
十大熱門(mén)求婚地點(diǎn) 猜猜第一名是哪里?
Lorna Haddon, diamond ring and jewellery buyer at Beaverbrooks who commissioned the study of 1,500 newlyweds, commented: "The stresses and strains of modern life mean we don’t always have the time to be as romantic as we would perhaps like to be.
比弗布魯克公司的鉆戒及珠寶買(mǎi)手洛娜?哈頓負(fù)責(zé)此次針對(duì)1500位新婚夫婦的調(diào)查。她表示：“現(xiàn)代生活的壓力和負(fù)擔(dān)意味著我們不是總有時(shí)間像期望中的那么浪漫?！?/p>
"Busy lives and hectic schedules mean we have fewer hours in the day for romance – however our study shows women do still want the ‘picture perfect proposal’ – and it's not only picking the perfect engagement ring that counts.
“忙碌的生活和緊張日程表意味著我們一天中沒(méi)有那么多時(shí)間來(lái)浪漫，然而我們的研究顯示女性仍然希望有一場(chǎng)‘十全十美的求婚’。挑選完美的訂婚戒指并不只是唯一重要的環(huán)節(jié)?！?/p>
“The location, atmosphere and little details that mean a lot to them really make a proposal personal and truly special, and as it’s a once in a lifetime occasion it’s well worth making the effort."
“地點(diǎn)、環(huán)境和一些小細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)她們來(lái)說(shuō)十分重要，這也能使求婚更具個(gè)人特色，也更特別。求婚是人生一次的大事，值得好好花心思準(zhǔn)備?！?/p>
十大熱門(mén)求婚地點(diǎn) 猜猜第一名是哪里?
Top 10 modern proposal destinations
十大現(xiàn)代求婚地點(diǎn)
1. At home – 49%
1. 家中-49%
2. On a day out – 7%
2. 出門(mén)約會(huì)-7%
3. On holiday abroad – 6%
3. 出國(guó)度假-6%
4. The local pub – 6%
4. 當(dāng)?shù)鼐瓢?6%
5. On holiday in the UK – 5%
5. 國(guó)內(nèi)度假-6%
6. In the car – 5.5%
6. 車(chē)內(nèi)-5.5%
7. At a restaurant – 4.5%
7. 餐廳-4.5%
8. In the garden – 2%
8. 花園-2%
9. On the beach – 2%
9. 沙灘-2%
10. In a Hotel – 1%
10. 酒店-1%
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托福閱讀提分的三大步驟
