英語動詞學(xué)習(xí)常見錯誤
中學(xué)生英語常見的錯誤點有哪些呢?接下來，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了英語動詞學(xué)習(xí)常見錯誤,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
英語動詞學(xué)習(xí)常見錯誤
[誤] She laid1 down and soon fell3 asleep5.
[正] She lay6 down and soon fell asleep.
[析]考試中常出現(xiàn)的是易混動詞lay放，lie躺，lie說謊。它們的過去時、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞變化如下：
lay (放) laid， laid， laying8 (及物動詞)
lie7 (躺) lay， lain9， lying10 (不及物動詞)
lie (說謊) lied， lied， lying
[誤] Please rise11 your hand.
[正] Please raise12 your hand.
[析] rise 是不及物動詞，其后不能接賓語，如：The sun rises13 in the east.而raise是及物動詞。
[誤] I like to swim very much， but I don’t like swimming this afternoon.
[正] I like swimming very much， but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
[析] like作為“喜歡”講時，可以接動名詞也可以接不定式，但接動名詞時多表達(dá)一種習(xí)慣性動作。而接不定式則側(cè)重于表達(dá)一次性、特殊性的動作。但要注意的是like 與would連用時則一定要接不定式，如：Would you like to go with me?再有一點要注意的是，like作為介詞“像”講時，只能用分詞作其賓語。
[誤] Stop! Did16 you listen to a strange17 voice18?
[正] Stop! Did you hear a strange voice?
[析] hear的側(cè)重點是聽到、聽見什么，而listen to 的側(cè)重點為聽的傾向，如：listen! Do you hear someone19 calling help?這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ook與see.它們的側(cè)重點也不同，look重于“看”的傾向，而see重于看見沒看見。
[誤] Did you watch some film recently20?
[正] Did you see some film recently?
[析] 英語中see 與 watch 各有不同的用處，see用于看電影、劇目，而watch用作看電視和看球賽。
[誤] Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling22.
[正] Look. A beautiful lamp hung23 from the ceiling.
[析] hang有兩個含義，① “掛”，它的過去時與過去分詞是hung， hung;② “絞刑”，這時它是規(guī)則動詞，其過去式與過去分詞則為hanged， hanged.
[誤] How long can I borrow24 this book?
[正] How long can I keep this book?
[析] “借”在英文中有三個詞，① 借入，即borrow，如：May I borrow some books from the library?② 借出，如：I can lend25 my bike to you.③ 借多久要用keep， 因為borrow與lend都是截止性動詞，而keep是延續(xù)性動詞。如 How long can I keep it?
[誤] We have won26 your class.
[正] We have beaten27 your class.
[析] win是及物動詞，其后面的賓語應(yīng)是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品、獎金。而beat的賓語，應(yīng)是人、隊、班級等等，如：We won the game.
[誤] I left my key.
[正] I forgot28 my key.
[正] I left my key at home.
[析] leave是“丟下”，其后一定要接地點狀語，而forget其后不要接地點狀語。
[誤] Oh! It’s raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.
[正] Oh! It’s raining outside. Please take this rain coat with you.
[析] bring為“帶來”如：Next time bring your little sister here.而take為“帶走”，fetch為“去某處取什么回來”，如：Please fetch30 some coffee for us要熟記的是在初中課文中與take有關(guān)的詞組，如： take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下take off31 脫下 take…out 拿出 take place 發(fā)生 take hold of 拿住 take part32 in 參加 take a seat33 坐下take one’s place 替代 take a look 看看 take one’s turn 輪流 take a message 捎信 take care34 of 照看 take it easy 別著急take one’s time 慢慢來 take one’s temperature35 測量體溫
[誤] The policeman reached36 his gun37.
[正] The policeman reached for his gun.
[析] reach作“到達(dá)”講時是及物動詞，如：I reached the hotel at 8∶30但作“伸手去拿”，則要用reach for something.作為“到達(dá)”講時還有arrive (in+大地方)(at+較小的地方)和get to.要注意的是與get有關(guān)的詞組有： get back 回來 get in 收割 get into 進(jìn)入 get off 下車 get on 上車 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到達(dá) get ready for=be ready for get on well with 與人相處融洽 get 加比較級為變得如何，例如： get colder and colder.
[誤] This dictionary38 spent me five dollars.
[正] This dictionary cost39 me five dollars.
[析] 英文中的“花費(fèi)”有4個spend， cost， take 和 pay40，其中spend 與pay所在句中的主語應(yīng)為人，如：I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid41 five dallars for the book.而cost與take的主語則是事物，如：It takes me two years to finish this book.
[誤] In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.
[正] In summer I always sleep with the windows open.
[正] I always sleep with the windows closed42.
[析]要注意open是動詞也是形容詞，而close則要用其過去分詞作形容詞。
[誤] Please wait a minute. I’m having on my clothes.
[正] Please wait a minute. I’m putting on my clothes.
[析]英語中的穿衣服要分狀態(tài)，是什么樣的穿著打扮，還是穿衣服的動作兩類動詞。表示穿著狀態(tài)的詞有have on， wear，在用法上have on不宜用進(jìn)行時態(tài)，它多用一般時態(tài)，如：She has on a new school dress. 而wear則多用進(jìn)行時來表示狀態(tài)，如：She is wearing a new sweater.在表示動作的詞中put on是常用的一詞。dress用作動詞當(dāng)“穿衣”講時其后賓語不應(yīng)接衣物，而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldn‘t dress themselves44.在表示穿著狀態(tài)時用其過去分詞當(dāng)形容詞，如：He is dressed in white.
[誤] My computer can’t begin. Could43 you find someone to help me?
[正] My computer can’t start. Could you find someone to help me?
[析] begin與start均可指“開始”，而且常?？梢曰Q，如：School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在兩種情況下不宜用begin 而要用start， ① 當(dāng)作機(jī)器開動、發(fā)動講，如：My car can‘t start. There must be something wrong with it.② 作為“旅途開始”講，如：We should have to start early. There was45 a lot of traffic46 on the road.
[誤] I’m very glad because I have founded48 my lost key.
[正] I’m very glad because I have found47 my lost key.
[析] find是不規(guī)則動詞，它的過去式和過去分詞是found， found，而found又是另外一詞“建立”，它是規(guī)則動詞，其過去式與過去分詞是founded founded， 如：The People’s Republic49 of China was founded in 1949.
[誤] Please. Let’s speak in English.
[正] Please. Let’s speak English.
[正] Please. Let’s talk in English.
[誤] Can you speak it English?
[正] Can you say it in English?
[析] 英文中“說”有4個常用詞say， tell， speak， talk.其中不及物動詞有speak和talk，如：I want to talk with you.We are talking about the new film.而speak其后接語言時是及物動詞，其他情況是不及物動詞。say 與tell是及物動詞，其中tell常用雙賓語，如：Tell us a story.但用于講實話或謊話時也用單賓語。如： Tell the truth50.
[誤] Can you say Japanese51 from Chinese?
[正] Can you tell Japanese from Chinese?
[析] tell…from為固定詞組，即分辨兩者的不同。
[誤] Excuse me， did I step52 on your foot?
[正] Oh， sorry， did I step on your foot?
[析] excuse me用于未打擾對方前，以提醒對方注意的用語，而sorry則是由于自己已做的事向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?/p>
[誤] Would15 you care for to swim with us?
[正] Would you care to swim with us?
[析] care for 后接不定式時，要省略for，或換用名詞，如：Would you care for a cup of tea. care for 作“照顧”講時與look after相同。在初中階段學(xué)習(xí)與for有關(guān)的詞組有：
ask for 請求 call for 接人，請人 care for 關(guān)心
go in for 從事 answer for 負(fù)責(zé) look for 尋找
wait for 等待 send for 請人 pay for 付款
search53 for 尋找 leave for 去某地 prepare54 for 準(zhǔn)備
thank somebody55 for something 為某事向某人道謝。
[誤] Are you understanding56 it? Yes， I got29 to it.
[正] Do you understand it? Yes， I got it.
[析] understand這一詞沒有進(jìn)行時態(tài)，如同感觀動詞love、hate57… I got it 是美語，即I understood58 it.要記住get 作為“到達(dá)”講時是不及物動詞，如：I’ll get to the school at 8 a. m.初中范圍常用與to有關(guān)的動詞詞組如下： belong59 to 屬于 come to 蘇醒 point to (at) 指著get to 到達(dá) refer60 to 談到 stick61 to 堅持lead to 導(dǎo)致 turn to 翻到 look forward63 to 期望agree to 同意
[誤] The meat has gone badly66.
[正] The meat has gone bad.
[析] 英語中g(shù)o， get， become， turn作為轉(zhuǎn)變時，其后接形容詞，這時這些動詞應(yīng)被看作系動詞。
[誤] The teacher said67 the earth68 moved around the sun.
[正] The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.
[析]如果主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時，其賓語從句可以是任何時態(tài)。如果是過去時，則賓語從句中的時態(tài)應(yīng)與之呼應(yīng)。但地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)是不隨時間而變化的客觀事實，所以還應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)來表達(dá)。
[誤] I’ll come to see you as4 soon as I’ll be back.
[正] I’ll come to see you as soon as I am back.
[析] 在狀語從句中要用一般時來表示將來，如：I should tell him when he came69 back.
[誤] I want to know whether70 you come to my party tomorrow or not.
[正] I want to know whether you will come to my party tomorrow or not.
[析]在賓語從句中則要用將來時表示將來的動作。要注意的是如果賓語從句中仍有狀語從句時，依然要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，如：I want to know if it rains tomorrow you’ll come here or not.
[誤] What did you do at eight last night?
[正] What were you doing at eight last night?
[析]在描述過去某一具體時刻的動作或從某時到某時一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作要用過去進(jìn)行時，如：I was washing71 clothes from eight till72 noon14 last Sunday
[誤] My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn’t go with them， because I have seen73 it before.
[正] My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn’t go with them because I had74 seen it before.
[析]現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時的相同之處是其動作均開始于過去的某一點，它的差別在于該動作是截止到什么時候。如動作截止到現(xiàn)在用現(xiàn)在完成時;如動作截止到過去，用過去完成時。例如：I‘ve learnt English for three years.(到現(xiàn)在為止)又如：Before I went to college75， I had learnt English for three years. (動作截止到上大學(xué)那時，即截止于過去)
[誤] I’m feeling76 well now.
[正] I feel well now.
[析]瞬間動詞有些無進(jìn)行時態(tài)，它們是：表示思維狀態(tài)的詞：believe， feel， forget， imagine78， know， mean， need， prefer79， remember， understand， want 表示感情的動詞：care， like， do like， love， mind80， hate， fear81 表示狀態(tài)的詞：belong， own2 感觀動詞： feel， hear， see， smell， taste
[誤] When have you done this work?
[正] When did you do this work?
[析] when提問的是一個時間點不可用于完成時態(tài)的問句中。
[誤] This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign82 countries.
[正] This is our new English teacher. He has been to many foreign countries.
[析] have gone to 是到某地去了，此人現(xiàn)在不在這里。have been to 是到過某地，現(xiàn)在此人在說話現(xiàn)場。
[誤] I have borrowed83 this book for two weeks.
[正] I have kept this book for two weeks.
[析]截止性動詞有完成時態(tài)，但不可和與表達(dá)一段時間的時間狀語連用。如：When I got to the cinema the film had begun. 但要講When I got to the cinema the film had be on for five minutes 這樣的用法還有buy， join， die84， 如：I bought this book yesterday.我昨天買的這本書。 I have had this book for two days. 這本書我已買了兩天了。
I joined the club85 two years ago.兩年前我加入了這個俱樂部。
I have been in this club for two years. 我加入這個俱樂部已兩年了。
My father died86 five years ago. 我父親是5年前去世的。
My father has been dead87 for five years. 我父親已去世5年了。
[誤] Have you understood the lessons?
[正] Do you understand the lessons?
[析] 有些動詞不易用完成時態(tài)，它們是understand， think， believe77， know (知道)
[誤] It was said that the Second World War64 had broken89 out in 1939.
[誤] It was said that the Second World War was broken out in 1939.
[正] It was said that the Second World War broke88 out in 1939.
[析]在講述過去的歷史事件時，總要用過去時而不要用完成時，而且happen， break out， take place作為發(fā)生講時均沒有被動語態(tài)。
[誤] When I walked along90 the street. I happened to meet an old friend.
[正] When I was walking along the street I happened to meet an old friend.
[析]在一個長動作發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的過程中，某一突然事件發(fā)生，這時長動作應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時或過去進(jìn)行時)，而突發(fā)性動作用一般時(一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時)，如：When my father is reading91 a newspaper the telephone rings.
[誤] Please buy a book to me.
[正] Please buy me a book.
[正] Please buy a book for me.
[析]在接雙賓語的動詞后面的兩個賓語，一個是直接賓語，一個是間接賓語，如：Buy me a book中me是間接賓語，而a book是直接賓語。如果將直接賓語前置，其后應(yīng)加for，其它加to如： Tell me a story. Tell a story to me. Give me a book. Give a book to me.
[誤] He was seen come into the book store92.
[正] He was seen to come into the book store.
[析] 在主動語態(tài)中，有時可以加不帶to的不定式作賓語，如：I saw93 him come into the book store.但如果變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，則要將省略的to還原。當(dāng)然這些動詞還可以加動名詞作賓語，如： I saw him coming into the book store， 如變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，則沒有變化。如：He was seen coming into the book store.
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