4個(gè)基本方法讓你的托福閱讀提速
托福閱讀考試中，許多考生都來(lái)不及閱讀完整篇文章，就要開(kāi)始做題了。其實(shí)，這也很正常，對(duì)于閱讀速度不快的考生們來(lái)說(shuō)，他們需要練習(xí)一些快速閱讀法。由此，小編為考生們整理了一些快速閱讀方法，希望能對(duì)考生們的閱讀有幫助。
4個(gè)基本方法 讓你的托福閱讀提速
方法一：快速泛讀(fast extensive reading)
這里講的泛讀是指廣泛閱讀大量涉及不同領(lǐng)域的文章，要求讀得快，理解和掌握文中的主要內(nèi)容就可以。要確定一個(gè)明確的閱讀定額，定額要結(jié)合自己的實(shí)際，可多可少，例如每天讀20頁(yè)。
方法二：計(jì)時(shí)閱讀(timed reading)
計(jì)時(shí)閱讀每次進(jìn)行5～10分鐘即可，不宜太長(zhǎng)。因?yàn)橛?jì)時(shí)快速閱讀，精力高度集中，時(shí)間一長(zhǎng)，容易疲勞，精力分散反而乏味。
方法三：尋讀(Scanning)
尋讀又稱查讀，同略讀一樣，尋讀也是一種快速閱讀技巧。
尋讀是一種從大量的資料中迅速查找某一項(xiàng)具體事實(shí)或某一項(xiàng)特定信息，如人物、事件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、數(shù)字等，而對(duì)其它無(wú)關(guān)部分略去不讀的快速閱讀方法。
方法四：略讀(skimming)
略讀又稱跳讀(reading and skipping)或?yàn)g覽(glancing)，是一種專門(mén)的，非常實(shí)用的快速閱讀技能。
略讀有下列幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：
A.以極快的速度閱讀文章，尋找字面上或事實(shí)上的主要信息和少量的闡述信息。
B.可以跳過(guò)某個(gè)部分或某些部分不讀。
C.理解水平可以稍低一些，但也不能太低。
托福閱讀背景材料：笑聲能開(kāi)啟一段新的關(guān)系
A great way to get to know someone better is to say something that makes them laugh.
想要更好地了解別人，一個(gè)好辦法就是說(shuō)些能讓他們發(fā)笑的事。
Sharing a few good giggles and chuckles makes people more willing to tell others something personal about themselves, without even necessarily being aware that they are doing so, suggests new research.
新研究顯示，分享一些好笑的事會(huì)讓人更樂(lè)意告訴別人自己的私事，甚至當(dāng)他們這樣做的時(shí)候，也根本不會(huì)意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。
Alan Gray of University College London discovered the tidbit in a new study recently published in the journal Human Nature.
英國(guó)倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院(University College London)的艾倫?格雷(Alan Gray)在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一有趣的現(xiàn)象。最近，他的這項(xiàng)研究成果發(fā)表在了《人類天性》(Human Nature)雜志上。
According to Gray, the act of verbally opening up to someone is a crucial building block that helps to form new relationships and intensify social bonds.
格雷認(rèn)為，用言語(yǔ)向他人敞開(kāi)心扉的行為是幫助人們建立新關(guān)系，增強(qiáng)人與人之間社會(huì)聯(lián)系的重要基本要素。
Such self-disclosure can be of a highly sensitive nature — like sharing one’s religious convictions or personal fears — or a superficial tidbit such as one’s favorite type of food.
自我表露的過(guò)程具有高度敏感性——好比分享宗教信仰或者害怕之物——或者只是一個(gè)流于表面的趣聞，比如最愛(ài)的食物類型。
To investigate the role and influence of laughter in this disclosure process, Gray and his colleagues gathered 112 students from Oxford University in England, into groups of four.
為了調(diào)查笑聲在自我表露過(guò)程中扮演的角色和產(chǎn)生的影響，格雷和他的同事從英國(guó)牛津大學(xué)(Oxford University)召集了112個(gè)學(xué)生，并把他們分為四組。
The students did not know one another. The groups watched a 10-minute video together, without chatting to one another.
學(xué)生們彼此都不認(rèn)識(shí)。每組會(huì)坐在一起看一個(gè)10分鐘的視頻，期間并無(wú)交談。
The videos differed in the amount of laughter they invoked, and the amount of positive feelings or emotions they elicited.
視頻的區(qū)別在于，引人發(fā)笑的頻率和傳達(dá)積極情緒或情感的效力各有不同。
One featured a stand-up comedy routine by Michael McIntyre, another a straightforward golf instruction video, and the third a pleasant nature excerpt from the “Jungles” episode of the BBC’s Planet Earth series.
一個(gè)視頻是邁克爾?麥金太爾(Michael McIntyre)的單人喜劇秀，一個(gè)是簡(jiǎn)短的高爾夫教學(xué)片，第三個(gè)是從《BBC行星地球系列》(BBC’s Planet Earth series)“叢林”(Jungles)一集里節(jié)選的一個(gè)令人愉悅的自然片段。
The levels of laughter and the participants’ emotional state after watching the video was then measured. Each group member also had to write a message to another participant to help them get to know each other better.
在看完視頻之后，研究人員會(huì)測(cè)算參與者的情緒狀態(tài)和笑聲等級(jí)。每個(gè)小組成員還需給另一名參與者寫(xiě)下一條消息，以便更好地相互了解。
The participants who had a good laugh together shared significantly more intimate information than the groups who did not watch the comedy routine.
比起那些沒(méi)有觀看喜劇的組別，一起歡笑過(guò)的參與者們向彼此分享了更多的親密信息。
Gray suggests this is not merely because it is a positive experience, but because of the physiology behind a good laugh. It actually triggers the release of the so-called “happy hormone” endorphin.
格雷認(rèn)為，究其原因，不僅在于歡笑是一種積極的體驗(yàn)，還因?yàn)闅g笑的背后隱藏著的心理學(xué)。實(shí)際上，正是這種心理學(xué)的作用引發(fā)了所謂的“快樂(lè)荷爾蒙”——內(nèi)啡肽(endorphin)的釋放。
The findings support the idea that laughter encourages people to make more intimate disclosures to strangers. Furthermore, researchers discovered the sharing of the information occurred so spontaneously, the person who disclosed information was seldom aware that he or she had done so.
這項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)，笑聲能促使人們對(duì)陌生人透露更多隱私。此外，研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，信息的分享就這樣自然而然地發(fā)生了。那些透露信息的人很少會(huì)意識(shí)到自己正在這么做。
It was only the listener who realized that it had happened.
只有傾聽(tīng)者才會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這一行為。
Vocabulary
tidbit：趣聞
stand-up comedy：?jiǎn)稳嗣摽谛悖瑔慰谙嗦?/p>
托福閱讀素材：希拉里要成為“普通美國(guó)民眾的捍衛(wèi)者”
Hillary Clinton brought years of speculation to an end last night by officially announcing she is running to become the first woman president of the United States.
美國(guó)前國(guó)務(wù)卿希拉里·克林頓(Hillary Clinton)4月12日晚正式宣布參選下屆2016年美國(guó)總統(tǒng)，為外界持續(xù)數(shù)年的揣測(cè)畫(huà)上了句號(hào)。如果競(jìng)選成功，她將成為美國(guó)歷史上首位女總統(tǒng)。
Her second bid for the White House comes seven years after she was defeated by an upstart Barack Obama and forced to admit she was unable to "crack the highest, hardest glass ceiling" for women in US politics.
這是希拉里第二次參加總統(tǒng)選舉。七年前，在2008年美國(guó)總統(tǒng)選舉中，巴拉克·奧巴馬(Barack Obama)異軍突起，希拉里被迫承認(rèn)自己無(wú)法在美國(guó)政治領(lǐng)域?yàn)榕浴按蚱颇菍幼罡?、最?jiān)固的玻璃天花板”。
Mrs Clinton has been known to the American people for decades as a First Lady who stood by her husband during the Monica Lewinsky scandal, a senator from New York and a globe-trotting US secretary of state.
數(shù)十年來(lái)，在美國(guó)民眾的眼中，希拉里一直是站在丈夫身邊伴他走過(guò)萊溫斯基性丑聞的第一夫人，是紐約州聯(lián)邦參議員，是周游各國(guó)的國(guó)務(wù)卿。
But the 67-year-old, who recently became a grandmother, hopes to re-introduce herself to voters as a gentler and more human candidate who is taking nothing for granted.
然而，現(xiàn)年67歲、剛剛當(dāng)上外祖母的希拉里，卻想向她的選民重新介紹自己——一個(gè)更溫和、更具人性的總統(tǒng)候選人，對(duì)任何事都不掉以輕心。
She launched the campaign with a short online video where she promised to be a "champion for everyday Americans", who would represent the country's traditional heartland as well as a rapidly changing country that includes gay people and ethnic minorities.
希拉里用一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)短視頻開(kāi)啟了她的競(jìng)選之旅。她在視頻中承諾要成為“普通美國(guó)民眾的捍衛(wèi)者”。所謂普通美國(guó)民眾，不僅指代傳統(tǒng)美國(guó)核心人群，還包括日新月異的國(guó)土上的同性戀者和少數(shù)族裔。
"I'm hitting the road to earn your vote, because it's your time and I hope you will join me on this journey," she said.
“我要開(kāi)始爭(zhēng)取你們的選票，因?yàn)檫@是你們的時(shí)代，我希望你們能和我一起踏上征程?！彼谝曨l中說(shuō)。
Her campaign, which will be officially known as Hillary for America, said it would be "humble" in its effort to make her the most powerful person in the world.
競(jìng)選活動(dòng)將被正式命名為“Hillary for America”，競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)表示將以一種“謙卑”的姿態(tài)來(lái)開(kāi)展活動(dòng)，努力讓希拉里成為世界上最具權(quán)勢(shì)的人。
Mrs Clinton's second quest for the White House is likely to begin with small-scale events in Iowa, the rural state where Mr Obama's insurgent first defeated her in 2008.
此次是希拉里第二次參加總統(tǒng)選舉，很可能會(huì)在愛(ài)荷華州先行舉辦一系列小規(guī)?；顒?dòng)。2008年，在與奧巴馬的較量中，希拉里就在這個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)州遭遇了滑鐵盧。
The candidate is expected to hold intimate events in coffee shops and community centres rather than mega-rallies in front of thousands of supporters.
據(jù)悉，她將在咖啡店和社區(qū)中心舉辦一系列親民活動(dòng)，而不會(huì)選擇在數(shù)千支持者面前舉行大型集會(huì)。
Unlike the 2008 campaign, when Mr Obama was already a household name backed by an army of young supporters, Mrs Clinton faces no high-profile opponents in the race to become the Democratic nominee for president.
2008年時(shí)，奧巴馬已經(jīng)是一個(gè)家喻戶曉的名字，擁有大批的年輕支持者。與當(dāng)時(shí)的情況不同，希拉里此次角逐民主黨候選人時(shí)，并未遇到什么備受矚目的對(duì)手。
Mrs Clinton holds an overwhelming lead in the polls and in fundraising and several potential rivals in her own party have opted to stay on the sidelines rather than challenge her path to the White House.
希拉里在票數(shù)和籌資上占據(jù)了壓倒性優(yōu)勢(shì)。黨內(nèi)幾位潛在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手紛紛選擇旁觀，而并未對(duì)她的白宮競(jìng)選之路發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)。
Her real test is likely to come in next November's general election, where she will face the winner of a crowded Republican field of candidates that includes Jeb Bush, the brother of George W Bush.
希拉里的真正考驗(yàn)可能會(huì)在2016年11月總統(tǒng)大選時(shí)到來(lái)。屆時(shí)，她的對(duì)手將是從共和黨多位候選人中脫穎而出的勝利者。共和黨候選人中包括喬治·W·布什(George W Bush)的弟弟杰布·布什(Jeb Bush)。
Bill Clinton defeated Mr Bush's father, George HW Bush, in 1992 and the 2016 election could see another face off between the two American political dynasties.
1992年，比爾·克林頓(Bill Clinton)曾打敗杰布·布什的父親喬治·HW·布什(George HW Bush)，當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)。此次2016年總統(tǒng)選舉中，我們將看到美國(guó)兩大政治家族的又一場(chǎng)對(duì)決。
Mr Clinton will be supported on the campaign trail by her husband, who remains one of the most popular figures in US public life but is expected to play "a backstage advisor" role for the first year of the campaign.
希拉里的競(jìng)選活動(dòng)將得到丈夫克林頓的支持。作為美國(guó)公眾生活中最受歡迎的人物之一，克林頓此次在競(jìng)選活動(dòng)第一年中將扮演“幕后顧問(wèn)”的角色。
She will also be joined by her daughter Chelsea, who recently gave birth to her first child, Charlotte. Mrs Clinton has often mentioned her concern for Charlotte and the infant's generation as one of her motivations for running for president.
希拉里的女兒切爾西(Chelsea)也將參與到母親的競(jìng)選之中。切爾西近期剛剛生下了第一個(gè)孩子夏洛特(Charlotte)。希拉里常常提到，對(duì)夏洛特以及夏洛特這一代人的擔(dān)憂，是她競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力之一。
Vocabulary:
upstart: 崛起的
glass ceiling: 玻璃天花板，指在公司企業(yè)和機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體中，限制某些群體(女性、少數(shù)民族)晉升到高級(jí)職位的障礙。
globe-trotting: 全球奔波的
hit the road: 啟程
insurgent: (集團(tuán)內(nèi)部的)反對(duì)派;反抗者
campaign trail: 競(jìng)選游說(shuō)之行
托福閱讀背景材料之Apple Watch美國(guó)首日百萬(wàn)預(yù)訂
An estimated 957,000 American shoppers ordered Apple Watches on Friday - a sign the tech giant's newest gadget is already seeing more initial success than its first iPhone or the iPod.
據(jù)估計(jì)，4月10日，美國(guó)共有95.7萬(wàn)用戶預(yù)訂了蘋(píng)果公司的Apple Watch智能手表，標(biāo)志著這一科技巨頭的最新產(chǎn)品初戰(zhàn)告捷，比首款iPhone或iPod還要成功。
That estimate comes from Slice Intelligence, which measures digital commerce by tracking consumer e-receipts.
這一數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自市場(chǎng)研究公司Slice Intelligence。該公司通過(guò)追蹤消費(fèi)者電子收據(jù)估算數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品的銷售情況。
Those ordering an Apple Watch Sport, the cheapest version, spent 2.83 per watch and those ordering the Apple Watch spent 7.04.
其中，最便宜的運(yùn)動(dòng)版每只平均訂購(gòu)價(jià)格為382.83美元，而標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版每只為707.04美元。
'As expected, most consumers–62 percent– purchased the less-expensive Sport model,' said Jaimee Minney of Slice.
“與預(yù)期一樣，大多數(shù)消費(fèi)者--62%--選擇購(gòu)買(mǎi)價(jià)格較為便宜的運(yùn)動(dòng)版。”Slice公司的杰米·明尼(Jaimee Minney)稱。
However, many Apple Watch buyers invested in the pricier case but the cheapest band, with more than one third adding a black or white Sport band.
不過(guò)，也有不少購(gòu)買(mǎi)者選擇用較貴的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版外殼搭配最便宜的運(yùn)動(dòng)表帶。三分之一的用戶選擇加購(gòu)一條黑色或白色運(yùn)動(dòng)表帶。
The data also showed that most consumers opted for the larger 42 mm case, with Its data from online shoppers showed an average of 1.3 watches bought per customer, with 3.83 spent per item.
數(shù)據(jù)顯示，大多數(shù)消費(fèi)者傾向于更大尺寸的42mm規(guī)格。線上消費(fèi)數(shù)據(jù)還顯示，平均每人預(yù)訂了1.3只Apple Watch智能手表，每只平均消費(fèi)為503.83美元。
Sport buyers were slightly more likely to choose the 38 mm case, with 32 percent purchasing the smaller version, versus 24 percent of Apple Watch buyers.
購(gòu)買(mǎi)運(yùn)動(dòng)版的消費(fèi)者中，選擇38mm規(guī)格的比例稍高，有32%。而標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版購(gòu)買(mǎi)者中僅有24%購(gòu)買(mǎi)較小規(guī)格。
The most popular type of case was the Space Gray aluminum case, with 40 percent of Apple Watch buyers choosing the option, followed by: stainless steel at 34 percent, silver aluminum at 23 percent and finally Space Black stainless steel at three percent.
最受消費(fèi)者歡迎的外殼是“太空灰”鋁制外殼，占所有訂單的四成，其次分別為不銹鋼(占34%)、銀色鋁(占23%)和太空黑不銹鋼(占3%)。
The Black Sport Band was by far the most popular among both Apple Watch and Apple Watch Sport buyers, with 49 percent overall pre-ordering one, followed by the White Sport Band at 16 percent and the more expensive Milanese Loop (9 versus for the black Sport band) rounding out the top three at around 10 percent.
截至目前，黑色運(yùn)動(dòng)腕帶在所有腕帶中最受買(mǎi)家青睞，占所有訂單量的49%。排名第二的是白色運(yùn)動(dòng)表帶，占16%。緊隨其后的是價(jià)格較高的米蘭尼斯表帶(售價(jià)149美元，黑色運(yùn)動(dòng)表帶售價(jià)49美元)，約占10%。
The watch, which allow users to check email, listen to music and make phone calls when paired with an iPhone, goes on sale officially on April 24.
與iPhone配對(duì)后，Apple Watch智能手表具有查收郵件、聽(tīng)音樂(lè)、接電話等功能，將于4月24日正式上市。
The watch is Chief Executive Tim Cook's first new major product launch and the company's first foray into the personal luxury-goods market.
這款智能手表是蘋(píng)果公司首席執(zhí)行官蒂姆·庫(kù)克(Tim Cook)發(fā)行的首款重要產(chǎn)品，也是蘋(píng)果公司首次進(jìn)軍個(gè)人奢侈品市場(chǎng)。
Despite mixed reviews, which generally praised the watch's styling but criticized its less-than-spectacular battery life and slow-loading apps, people flocked to Apple stores to get a close-up look.
盡管評(píng)價(jià)褒貶不一，大都褒的是款式，貶的是差強(qiáng)人意的待機(jī)時(shí)長(zhǎng)和緩慢的應(yīng)用下載速度，蘋(píng)果實(shí)體店依然有顧客蜂擁而入，只為一睹Apple Watch真容。
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