托福閱讀備考方法
在文章中小編針對(duì)托福考試閱讀環(huán)節(jié)復(fù)習(xí)方法說(shuō)明情況，給大家做了詳細(xì)的解析，希望通過(guò)這種方式能夠有效的幫助大家完成這方面問(wèn)題。
托福閱讀備考方法
第一步：花兩三分鐘時(shí)間掃描每篇托福閱讀文章頭一兩個(gè)句子，定位文章難易程度。雖然平均每篇文章做題時(shí)間為11分鐘，但是有的文章七八分鐘便可以輕松對(duì)付，有的文章則需要15分鐘左右。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，5篇文章中有2篇難度大一些，比方說(shuō)：如果最后一篇文章難度大，且12-14道題，在這種情況下，按部就班做題就有可能因時(shí)間不夠而做錯(cuò)好幾道題，帶來(lái)巨大的損失。因此首先定位文章難程度，同時(shí)目測(cè)文章的含金量(即題量分布)，有助于科學(xué)分配閱讀部分的做題時(shí)間。
第二步：采取"結(jié)構(gòu)掃描"法閱讀具體的一篇文章。所謂結(jié)構(gòu)，即文章的骨架子。托福閱讀文章是純學(xué)術(shù)體(Academic)，是北美國(guó)際留學(xué)生在大學(xué)里天天都能接觸到的教科書(shū)風(fēng)格的文章，這些文章涉及人文社科和自然科學(xué)，均議論文、說(shuō)明文，最顯著的特點(diǎn)是呈板塊結(jié)構(gòu)。托福考試 托?？荚噲?bào)名 托福考試流程 托?？荚嚂r(shí)間 托福考試費(fèi)用 http://toefl.533.com
文章均由數(shù)個(gè)自然段組成，正確的閱讀文章的方法應(yīng)該是把文章首句先吃透，文章首句經(jīng)常為文章主題。然后把首段的其他句子盡快略讀，文章其他段落采取同樣的方法閱讀。各段落其他句子一般來(lái)說(shuō)都是用來(lái)說(shuō)明各個(gè)段落的主題句，沒(méi)有必要每個(gè)句子理解難度大，而不涉及考題，在此句停留無(wú)疑是白白浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。所以，采取"結(jié)構(gòu)掃描"法，意味著以最快捷的方式了解托福閱讀文章大意，從而正確引導(dǎo)下一步做具體的題，而不至于出現(xiàn)大方向的理解錯(cuò)誤。
托福閱讀考試難度及題型分析
新托福閱讀考試分兩種模式：Short Format以及Long Format。前者歷時(shí)60分鐘，要求學(xué)生在規(guī)定時(shí)間里完成三篇閱讀約36-42道題目;而后者則將考試時(shí)間拉長(zhǎng)至100分鐘，按需完成60-70道題目。
本來(lái)這對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)只是“小菜一碟”，但自從新托福將考試形式由筆試改為電腦操作，這對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)無(wú)疑是“當(dāng)頭一棒”。也許對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)看幾個(gè)小時(shí)的網(wǎng)上新聞或是打上半天的游戲都不是什么新鮮事兒，但面對(duì)屏幕做上一兩個(gè)小時(shí)的題目倒真不是隨便可以信手拈來(lái)的。
建議各位正在準(zhǔn)備托福 閱讀備考的同學(xué)，平時(shí)要養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣通過(guò)電腦來(lái)閱讀，至于閱讀的內(nèi)容將會(huì)在第四個(gè)點(diǎn)里再作詳細(xì)介紹。關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)的備考和寫(xiě)作的備考策略是一致的，大家可以結(jié)合起來(lái)一起準(zhǔn)備。
考試強(qiáng)度
無(wú)論是Short Format還是Longre Format，托福閱讀考試強(qiáng)度上對(duì)考生的要求都是相當(dāng)大的，新托福閱讀部分每篇文章字?jǐn)?shù)增至了700字左右。然而，在新托福閱讀當(dāng)中，對(duì)于初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)最難的不是單詞，而是要求在規(guī)定時(shí)間里完成規(guī)定的題數(shù)。
新托福閱讀不同于CET4，CET6，與高考也有很大區(qū)別，因?yàn)镃ET4、CET6與高考的閱讀考試都是提供約4-5篇文章，然后出20道選擇題，要求考生根據(jù)所讀文章答題。最大的不同在于這些考試都沒(méi)有要求做完每個(gè)科目考試所用的時(shí)間。
因此很多同學(xué)在一開(kāi)始做托福 閱讀的時(shí)候，十分不適應(yīng)托福閱讀的時(shí)間限制，有的人甚至在考前都沒(méi)有克服這個(gè)問(wèn)題。有的同學(xué)在考試前總是按一篇文章來(lái)練，認(rèn)為自己在20分鐘內(nèi)(按總的時(shí)間平均分配到每篇閱讀文章的用時(shí))完成12-14題綽綽有余。但問(wèn)題在于托?？荚嚥⒎且黄黄獊?lái)考，而是將3篇或5篇看作一個(gè)整體來(lái)考驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)強(qiáng)度的適應(yīng)能力。
由此建議考生在托福 閱讀備考期間一定要養(yǎng)成3篇一練或者5篇一練的習(xí)慣，培養(yǎng)自己在規(guī)定時(shí)間里完成盡可能多的題數(shù)，并保證一定的正確率。
有很多的專(zhuān)業(yè)考生，因?yàn)槠綍r(shí)課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)較大，可用于支配學(xué)習(xí)托福的時(shí)間有限，希望在考前通過(guò)高強(qiáng)度的課程學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)提高考試成績(jī)。
針對(duì)基礎(chǔ)較好短期內(nèi)需要考試的學(xué)生，我們推薦學(xué)生采用75%的正課占比，側(cè)重于個(gè)性化的考試應(yīng)對(duì)，針對(duì)自己薄弱的地方，對(duì)癥下藥，并輔以適量的配套訓(xùn)練來(lái)檢測(cè)學(xué)習(xí)效果，確保對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的掌握。
托福閱讀題型變化
考試題型的主要變化在于題型中增加了詞匯解釋題、填表、插入句子和完成段落等。根據(jù)新托福閱讀測(cè)試的目的，考生需要在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練中著重培養(yǎng)和加強(qiáng)三種閱讀技能，即信息定位能力、速讀理解能力和研讀整理能力，來(lái)幫助自己適應(yīng)新題型。
這一點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)出新托福考試閱讀明顯雅思化，因此增加題目并不意味著增加難度，其難度體現(xiàn)在考生對(duì)題型的熟悉程度。可以說(shuō)，新托福閱讀內(nèi)容的難度降低，于是便通過(guò)題型變化增加難度，因此閱讀理解部分并不需要過(guò)于擔(dān)心，關(guān)鍵是了解題型。
知識(shí)面和信息量
大家都知道，做題基于托福 閱讀讀文章的基礎(chǔ)之上，因此增進(jìn)閱讀能力會(huì)對(duì)完成題目起到至關(guān)重要的作用。在備考階段，大家要多讀各類(lèi)題材的文章。新托福閱讀測(cè)試的選材大多涉及自然科學(xué) (天文、地質(zhì)、生物學(xué)等)、人文和社會(huì)科學(xué)(文學(xué)、歷史、人類(lèi)學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)等)以及藝術(shù)和商務(wù)等學(xué)科領(lǐng)域。多閱讀這些文章，一方面可以了解相關(guān)的常識(shí)和背景知識(shí)，同時(shí)可借此機(jī)會(huì)熟悉不同學(xué)科的常用詞匯。
各類(lèi)書(shū)籍、報(bào)刊及網(wǎng)上文章都可以選擇作為練習(xí)閱讀的材料，如果是選取帶有一定學(xué)術(shù)性的文章或大學(xué)教材則是再好也沒(méi)有了。這一點(diǎn)大家可以結(jié)合適應(yīng)“機(jī)考”這一變化來(lái)共同實(shí)現(xiàn)更多地去選擇在電腦上閱讀文章而非實(shí)際的報(bào)紙或雜志。
托福閱讀真題1
By the turn of the century, the middle-class home in North American had been transformed. The flow of industry has passed and left idle the loom in the attic, the soap kettle in the shed, Ellen Richards wrote in 1908. The urban middle class was now able to buy a wide array of food products and clothing — baked goods, canned goods, suits, shirts, shoes, and dresses. Not only had household production waned, but technological improvements were rapidly changing the rest of domestic work. Middle-class homes had indoor running water and furnaces, run on oil, coal, or gas, that produced hot water. Stoves were fueled by gas, and delivery services provided ice for refrigerators. Electric power was available for lamps, sewing machines, irons, and even vacuum cleaners. No domestic task was unaffected. Commercial laundries, for instance, had been doing the wash for urban families for decades; by the early 1900's the first electric washing machines were on the market.
One impact of the new household technology was to draw sharp dividing lines between women of different classes and regions. Technological advances always affected the homes of the wealthy first, filtering downward into the urban middle class. But women who lived on farms were not yet affected by household improvements. Throughout the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth, rural homes lacked running water and electric power. Farm women had to haul large quantities of water into the house from wells or pumps for every purpose. Doing the family laundry, in large vats heated over stoves, continued to be a full day's work, just as canning and preserving continued to be seasonal necessities. Heat was provided by wood or coal stoves. In addition, rural women continued to produce most of their families' clothing. The urban poor, similarly, reaped few benefits from household improvements. Urban slums such as Chicago's nineteenth ward often had no sewers, garbage collection, or gas or electric lines; and tenements lacked both running water and central heating. At the turn of the century, variations in the nature of women's domestic work were probably more marked than at any time before.
1. What is the main topic of the passage ?
(A) The creation of the urban middle class
(B) Domestic work at the turn of the century
(C) The spread of electrical power in the United States
(D) Overcrowding in American cities.
2. According to the passage , what kind of fuel was used in a stove in a typical middle-class household?
(A) oil
(B) coal
(C) gas
(D) wood
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a household convenience in the passage ?
(A) the electric fan
(B) the refrigerator
(C) the electric light
(D) the washing machine
4. According to the passage , who were the first beneficiaries of technological advances?
(A) Farm women
(B) The urban poor
(C) The urban middle class
(D) The wealthy
5. The word reaped in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) gained
(B) affected
(C) wanted
(D) accepted
6. Which of the following best characterizes the passage 's organization?
(A) analysis of a quotation
(B) chronological narrative
(C) extended definition
(D) comparison and contrast
7. Where in the passage does the author discuss conditions in poor urban neighborhoods?
(A) lines 3-5
(B) lines 6-7
(C) lines 8-9
(D) lines 22-23
PASSAGE 45 BCADA DD
托福閱讀真題2
Pennsylvania's colonial ironmasters forged iron and a revolution that had both industrial and political implications. The colonists in North America wanted the right to the profits gained from their manufacturing. However, England wanted all of the colonies' rich ores and raw materials to feed its own factories, and also wanted the colonies to be a market for its finished goods. England passed legislation in 1750 to prohibit colonists from making finished iron products, but by 1771, when entrepreneur Mark Bird established the Hopewell blast furnace in Pennsylvania, iron making had become the backbone of American industry. It also had become one of the major issues that fomented the revolutionary break between England and the British colonies. By the time the War of Independence broke out in 1776, Bird, angered and determined, was manufacturing cannons and shot at Hopewell to be used by the Continental Army.
After the war, Hopewell, along with hundreds of other iron plantations, continued to form the new nation's industrial foundation well into the nineteenth century. The rural landscape became dotted with tall stone pyramids that breathed flames and smoke, charcoal-fueled iron furnaces that produced the versatile metal so crucial to the nation's growth. Generations of ironmasters, craftspeople, and workers produced goods during war and peace-ranging from cannons and shot to domestic items such as cast-iron stoves, pots, and sash weights for windows.
The region around Hopewell had everything needed for iron production: a wealth of iron ore near the surface, limestone for removing impurities from the iron, hardwood forests to supply the charcoal used for fuel, rushing water to power the bellows that pumped blasts of air into the furnace fires, and workers to supply the labor. By the 1830's, Hopewell had developed a reputation for producing high quality cast-iron stoves, for which there was a steady market. As Pennsylvania added more links to its transportation system of roads, canals, and railroads, it became easier to ship parts made by Hopewell workers to sites all over the east coast. There they were assembled into stoves and sold from Rhode Island to Maryland as the Hopewell stove. By the time the last fires burned out at Hopewell ironworks in 1883, the community had produced some 80,000 cast-iron stoves.
1. The word implications in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) significance
(B) motives
(C) foundations
(D) progress
2. It can be inferred that the purpose of the legislation passed by England in 1750 was to
(A) reduce the price of English-made iron goods sold in the colonies
(B) prevent the outbreak of the War of Independence
(C) require colonists to buy manufactured goods from England.
(D) keep the colonies from establishing new markets for their raw materials.
3. The author compares iron furnaces to which of the following?
(A) cannons
(B) pyramids
(C) pots
(D) windows
4. The word rushing in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) reliable
(B) fresh
(C) appealing
(D) rapid
5. Pennsylvania was an ideal location for the Hopewell ironworks for all of the following reasons
EXCEPT
(A) Many workers were available in the area.
(B) The center of operations of the army was nearby.
(C) The metal ore was easy to acquire
(D) There was an abundance of wood.
6. The passage mentions roads, canals, and railroads in line 25 in order to explain that
(A) improvements in transportation benefited the Hopewell ironworks
(B) iron was used in the construction of various types of transportation
(C) the transportation system of Pennsylvania was superior to that of other states.
(D) Hopewell never became a major transportation center
7. The word they in line 26 refers to
(A) links
(B) parts
(C) workers
(D) sites
8. The word some in line 28 is closest in meaning to
(A) only
(B) a maximum of
(C) approximately
(D) a variety of
PASSAGE 46 ACBDB ABC
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托福閱讀備考方法
