英語中最古老的詞匯是
我們大家學(xué)習(xí)英語這么多年，可是連皮毛都沒有學(xué)到，接下來，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了英語中最古老的詞匯是,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
英語中最古老的詞匯是
Some of the oldest words in English have been identified, scientists say.
科學(xué)家們相信，他們找到了英文中最古老的文字。
Reading University researchers claim "I", "we", "two" and "three" are among the most ancient, dating back tens of thousands of years.
雷丁大學(xué)的研究人員認(rèn)為，“我”、“我們”、“二”和“三”是英文中最古老的詞匯，它們的歷史可以追溯到四萬年前。
Their computer model analyses the rate of change of words in English and the languages that share a common heritage.
科研人員們通過一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)模型，對英文詞匯變化和消失的幾率進(jìn)行了分析測算，并展現(xiàn)出語言的普遍發(fā)展歷程。
The team says it can predict which words are likely to become extinct--citing "squeeze", "guts", "stick" and "bad" as probable first casualties.
研究預(yù)測，“擠”、“膽量”、“木棍”和“壞”將很可能成為最先被廢棄和絕跡的詞匯。
"We use a computer to fit a range of models that tell us how rapidly these words evolve," said Mark Pagel, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Reading.
雷丁大學(xué)進(jìn)化生物學(xué)家馬克·佩格爾說：“我們利用計(jì)算機(jī)模型測算出這些詞的發(fā)展速率?！?/p>
At the root of the Reading University effort is a lexicon of 200 words that is not specific to culture or technology, and is therefore likely to represent concepts that have not changed across nations or millennia.
雷丁大學(xué)的研究進(jìn)行的基礎(chǔ)是一個(gè)包含約200個(gè)詞匯的詞匯庫，庫中的詞匯大多是一些表達(dá)人類對事物共同感知、不易因習(xí)俗和科技而改變的詞，而非那些隨著科技和時(shí)代進(jìn)步應(yīng)運(yùn)而生的新詞。
"We have lists of words that linguists have produced for us that tell us if two words in related languages actually derive from a common ancestral word," said Professor Pagel.
佩格爾教授說：“我們開發(fā)這個(gè)詞匯庫首先需要讓語言學(xué)專家來告訴我們，不同語系的兩個(gè)詞匯是否會存在一個(gè)共同的出處?！?/p>
"We have descriptions of the ways we think words change and their ability to change into other words, and those descriptions can be turned into a mathematical language," he added.
佩格爾教授補(bǔ)充說道：“我們掌握了詞匯改變以及它們轉(zhuǎn)變成其它詞匯的信息，之后我們把這些信息轉(zhuǎn)變成數(shù)學(xué)語言。”
What the researchers found was that the frequency with which a word is used relates to how slowly it changes through time, so that the most common words tend to be the oldest ones.
研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，詞匯的使用頻率和其生命力緊密相關(guān)，越是普通的詞匯，存在的時(shí)間也越長久。
For example, the words "I" and "who" are among the oldest, along with the words "two", "three", and "five". The word "one" is only slightly younger.
比如，“我”、“誰”、“二”、“三”和“五”的歷史就非常久遠(yuǎn)，而“一”則略微年輕一點(diǎn)。
The word "four" experienced a linguistic evolutionary leap that makes it significantly younger in English and different from other Indo-European languages.
英文數(shù)字“四”由于經(jīng)歷過一次語言上的進(jìn)化過程，所以更為年輕一些，它和其它歐印語種的發(fā)音也大為不同。
Meanwhile, the fastest-changing words are projected to die out and be replaced by other words much sooner.
與之相比，變化速度越快的詞匯，消亡以及被其它詞匯取代的速度也越快。
For example, "dirty" is a rapidly changing word; currently there are 46 different ways of saying it in the Indo-European languages, all words that are unrelated to each other. As a result, it is likely to die out soon in English, along with "stick" and "guts".
例如，“臟”就是一個(gè)變化迅速的詞匯，歐印語系中表達(dá)“臟”的方式共有46種，而且每種聽上去都很不相同。所以，這個(gè)詞和“木棍”、“膽量”一樣，很可能很快就在英文中消失。
"If you've ever played 'Chinese whispers', what comes out the end is usually gibberish. Yet our language can somehow retain its fidelity," Professor Pagel said.
佩格爾教授說：“玩過‘傳話’游戲的人都知道，同樣的一句話從第一個(gè)人傳到最后一個(gè)人時(shí)通常已經(jīng)面目全非了。由此看來，語言對我們還是很忠誠的。
擴(kuò)展：漢語中的"牛"不一定就是牛
牛飲 drink like a fish
牛脾氣 as stubborn as a mule
吹牛 talk horse
食量大如牛 to eat like a horse
九牛一毛 a drop in the bucket
牛馬不如的生活 to lead a dog's life
初生牛犢不怕虎 Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
健壯如牛 as strong as a horse
如果遇到諺語“力大如?！?，英語中卻沒有 as strong as a cow的說法。在歷史上戰(zhàn)爭頻繁的西方，沒有馬便無法生存。而在中國，牛則是生活之本。在這種文化差異的背景下，上句話當(dāng)然不能直譯。所以英語把“力大如?！弊g為 as strong as a hors
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英語中最古老的詞匯是
