托?？谡Z素材之描述一個(gè)城市
要想獲得新托福口語高分，積累必不可少。我們就開始針對托?？荚嚨某鞘性掝}，做一些積累吧。
托?？谡Z中對城市的描述方法
托?？谡Z詞匯：“宜居城市”
Vancouver, the Canadian host city of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games, remains the most livable city in the world, as it did in 2008.
2010年冬奧會(huì)的舉辦城市加拿大溫哥華被選為全球最適宜居住的城市，這是該市在2008年之后再次當(dāng)選最宜居城市。
在上面的報(bào)道中，livable city就是“宜居城市”，也就是適宜居住的城市。判別一個(gè)城市是否適宜居住有多項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，包括stability， healthcare，culture，environment，education，infrastructure(穩(wěn)定性、醫(yī)療保健、文化、環(huán)境、教育、基礎(chǔ)建設(shè))等。 “最適宜居住城市”是通過livability survey(宜居性調(diào)查)得出的。
Livable的意思是“適于居住的”，例如：slums that are barely livable(不堪居住的貧民窟)。此外，livable還可以表示“(人)容易相處的，(行為)可接受的”或“(生活)過得去的”。例如：Such behavior is not livable with.(這種行為無法容忍。)
托?？谡Z詞匯：“一線城市”
China's overall property price will climb 3.3 percent to 6 percent this year, with the first-tier cities experiencing an adjustment in the fourth quarter, China Real Estate Index said in a report over the weekend.
上周末中國房地產(chǎn)指數(shù)研究機(jī)構(gòu)在一份報(bào)告中稱，今年中國的房價(jià)總體上會(huì)有3.3%到6%的增長，一線城市的房價(jià)會(huì)在第四季度進(jìn)行一次調(diào)整。
在上面的報(bào)道中，first-tier city就是“一線城市”。一線城市是指對本國的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治具有重要作用的大都市。在城市規(guī)模、基建、財(cái)政收入、消費(fèi)、對人才吸引力等各層面，一線城市一般均領(lǐng)先于其他城市。中國目前被普遍公認(rèn)的一線城市是北京、上海、廣州、深圳。相應(yīng)地，“二線城市”即second-tier city，一般指除了北京、上海、杭州、廣州、深圳、天津以外別的一些大中城市、有一些名氣的城市。
據(jù)分析，去年房產(chǎn)價(jià)格的瘋長和credit expansion(信用擴(kuò)張)有關(guān)。由于高房價(jià)，許多原來期望在first-tier city發(fā)展的年輕人不得不轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)second-tier city和third-tier city(三線城市)。許多不甘離開夢想之地的人或成為mortgage slave(房奴)，或成為ant tribe(蟻?zhàn)?。另外，一線城市的高消費(fèi)水平也迫使許多人成為moonlight clan(月光族)。想結(jié)婚而又無力買房的人只能選擇naked wedding(裸婚)。
托?？谡Z詞匯：“友好城市”
The capital cities of China and Mexico became sister cities on Monday after visiting Beijing Mayor Guo Jinlong and Mexico City Mayor Marcelo Ebrard signed an agreement on establishing such ties.
周一，在墨西哥訪問的北京市市長郭金龍和墨西哥城市長馬塞洛?埃布拉德簽訂協(xié)議，中墨兩國首都確立了友好城市的關(guān)系。
在上面的報(bào)道中，sister city就是“友好城市”的意思，也可以翻譯成“姐妹城市”，西方國家有時(shí)還稱之為twin city。友好城市指的是將地域上或政治上無關(guān)的城鎮(zhèn)或城市配對起來，以期達(dá)到增加居民或文化交流的目的。友好城市之間時(shí)常會(huì)互相提供exchange student(交換學(xué)生)，以及經(jīng)濟(jì)或文化上的交流或合作。
和sister city相似的用法還有sister school(姐妹校)，sister ship(姐妹船，同型船)，sister company(姊妹公司)等。Sister除了有“姐妹”的意思，還可以指“護(hù)士”或“修女，女教友”。例如：the night sister(夜班護(hù)士);a Christian sister(__女教友)。
托?？谡Z詞匯：“主辦城市”
Shanghai, the host city of Expo 2010, will offer a glimpse of a greener future, Achim Steiner, Under Secretary General of the United Nations, said Tuesday.
聯(lián)合國副秘書長阿希姆?斯泰納本周二表示，2010年世博會(huì)主辦城市上海將呈現(xiàn)給世人一個(gè)更加綠色的未來。
在上面的報(bào)道中，host city就是指“主辦城市”，而與之相應(yīng)的主辦國就被稱為host country，也就是“東道國”。在成為host city之前，會(huì)有很多candidate city(候選城市)參加申辦。在此次評(píng)估中，UNEP(聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署)對上海進(jìn)行了air quality(空氣質(zhì)量), transportation(交通), solid waste(固體廢物), and public participation(公眾參與)等九個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。
托福口語話題解析：城市生活
常用詞匯：
apartment, banks, bookstore, building, cafeteria, capital, church, court, countryside, courtyard, district, flat, highway, hotel, house, hospital, junk shop舊貨店; library, market, metropolis大都市; monument紀(jì)念碑; municipal市的，市政的; municipality市政當(dāng)局; museum, newsstand報(bào)攤; outskirts, port, restaurant, school, scenery, shop, store, skyscraper摩天大樓; slums貧民區(qū); stadium體育場; station, suburb, theatre, university, urban, zoo, etc.
常用短語：
art gallery 美術(shù)館; barber shop, be up to one’s neck in work 忙碌; botanical garden 植物園; city centre, city hall市政廳，市政府; city planning, densely populated, department stores, down payment 分期付款的定金; employment agency職業(yè)介紹; garden city, get one’s hands full 很忙; modern buildings, modern industry, post office, public lavatory, public telephone, residential area, shopping center, snack bar, stock exchange股票交易所; traffic light, etc.
常用句型：
1. Could you tell me where the bank is?
2. Excuse me, where is the post office
3. How do you like where you live?
4. I’m an office worker.
5. I work for the government.
6. Let’s go to the snack bar and get something to eat.
7. The mall is packed today.
8. What are the main problems of the city life?
9. When is the store / the bar closing?
10. Where is the Lost and Found counter?
托福口語模版：描述一個(gè)地方
1. 我最喜歡的一個(gè)地方 Describe a place that you like best in your city. Please state why you like it with specific examples and details.
01My favorite place in my city is the New Oriental Restaurant. The New Oriental restaurant is the largest
restaurant in our city and it provides all kinds of food, from sea food to curry, and from sushi to barbeque.
Though I am a picky gourmet, the New Oriental can make me satisfy. Besides, the New Oriental is
accessible by several buses and subway lines and it hence can be reached within half an hour from my
home, even during rush hour. The price of the New Oriental is very reasonable and the waiters there
provide well rounded service. I love the NO.
Personally speaking, My favorite place in my city is the national library based on following reasons.
Firstly, there are many books to my taste, such as fashion magazines, inspirational books, and professional books. Reading does good to our mind. As a student, we should always recharge ourselves by knowledge in order to meet the need of talents in this society.
Secondly, I always go to the library with my friends. You know, it’s a my glad to share knowledge with other people. Going to the library not only can we acquire knowledge but also can promote our friendship to some degree.
2. 與朋友最喜歡去哪里When you are together with your friends, which place would you like to go? Explain why.
33When I am with my good friends, we will definitely go do some sports together. Most of my friends love
basketball, and we are all pretty good at it. We will play 3 on 3, or three point shootout. It’s great fun and
good to have some sweat. We used to play basketball every week when we were still at school. Although
we play less often now, it is still a great work out. We can lose ourselves in the game. Playing basketball is
also good for health too.
3. 我經(jīng)常去的一個(gè)地方Describe a public area that you visit frequently. Please state why you visit it frequently and include specific examples and details in your explanation.
I usually go to Beihai Park when I have the time. I can go for a stroll in the park to relax. The park has a lot
of trees, and interesting and winding paths, where I can wander listlessly and contemplate my own
thoughts or admire the various stages of nature. Sometimes I just like to feel the breeze on my face and
savor its coolness. It gives me a sense of freedom. It also has a lake on which I can go boating. I often go
to the park with my friends on weekends. And we'll have a picnic if we stay there for the whole day.
4. 描述我上過的一個(gè)學(xué)校Describe a school that you have attended.
I like my university, Nanjing university, which locates the center area of Nanjing. We have dormitories,
teaching buildings and refectories named by number and research buildings named by subject. So you can
easily find a specific spot. There is also a large playground and gym with a number of exercise facilities.
Furthermore, it has beautiful scenery in the campus, and there are lots of trees, flowers and grasses, so
you can enjoy the fresh air and the euphonic birds’ singing in the morning.
I will introduce one of the schools I have attended. That is the New Oriental School. The New Oriental was founded by Yu Minhong over ten years ago. The aim of the school is to help students get high score in the Tofle or GRE test which permit them to go abroad and take a further study more easily. The New Oriental is full of passion, it has a powerful faculty and subsidiary schools throughout the country. Frankly speaking, It helps me a lot really.
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