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托業(yè)七大題型詳解：Sentence Completion

　　Sentence Completion

　　Format

　　------

　　This section consists of forty sentences, each missing one or more words. Below each sentence are four words or phrases. Your job is to decide which of these four choices produces a complete, grammatical, and logical sentence when it is put into the sentence.

　　Tactics

　　-------

　　1. Begin by reading each item carefully. Try to guess what word or words are missing. Look for these words or similar words among the answer choices.

　　2. The most common testing point in Part V involves word choice. You can identify these items because the four answer choices look alike or have similar meanings. Use the context of the sentence to help you choose the answer, and look for any grammar clues that help you eliminate distractors.

　　3. The second most common type of item in Part V involves word form. You can recognize these because the answer choices are all forms of the same word. Use the endings of the words to determine which choice is correct in the context of the sentence.

　　4. Verb problems are the third most common item type in Part V. The answer choices for these items are four forms of the same verb. Look for time words and other clues.

　　5. If the correct choice is not obvious, eliminate choices that are clearly incorrect and guess. Put a mark by items that you found difficult so that you can come back to them if you have time. Never leave any items unanswered.

　　6. Never spend too much time on any one item.

　　7. As soon as you finish Part V, go on to Part VI.

　　_Testing Points and Skill-Building Exercises

　　A. Word Choice

　　B. Word Forms

　　C. Word Choice/Word Forms

　　D. Verbs

　　E. Prepositions

　　F. Connecting Words

　　G. Gerunds, Infinitives, and Simple Forms

　　托業(yè)考試之閱讀理解練習(xí)題

　　Hotels were among the earliest facilities that bound the United States together.They were both creatures and creators of communities,as well as symptoms of the frenetic quest for community.Even in the first part of the nineteenth century,Americans were private,business and pleasure purposes.Conventions were the new occasions,and hotels were distinctively American facilities making conventions possible.The first national convention of a major party to choose a candidate for President (that of the National Republican party,which met on December 12,1831,and nominated Henry Clay for President)was held in Baltimore,at a hotel that was then reputed to be the best in the country.The presence in Baltimore of Barnum's City Hotel,a six-story building with two hundred apartments helps explain why many other early national political conventions were held there.

　　In the longer run,too.American hotels made other national conventions not only possible but pleasant and convivial.The growing custom of regularly assembling from afar the representatives of all kinds of groups -not only for political conventions,but also for commercial,professional,learned,and avocational ones -in turn supported the multiplying hotels.By mid-twentieth century,conventions accounted for over third of the yearly room occupancy of all hotels in the nation,about eighteen thousand different conventions were held annually with a total attendance of about ten million persons.

　　Nineteenth-century American hotelkeepers,who were no longer the genial,deferential "hosts"of the eighteenth-century European inn,became leading citizens.Holding a large stake in the community,they exercised power to make it prosper.As owners or managers of the local "palace of the public",they were makers and shapers of a principal community attraction.Travelers from abroad were mildly shocked by this high social position.

　　1.The word "bound"in line 1is closest in meaning to

　　(A)led

　　(B)protected

　　(C)tied

　　(D)strengthened

　　2.The National Republican party is mentioned in line 8as an example of a group

　　(A)from Baltimore

　　(B)of learned people

　　(C)owning a hotel

　　(D)holding a convention

　　3.The word "assembling"in line 14is closest in meaning to

　　(A)announcing

　　(B)motivating

　　(C)gathering

　　(D)contracting

　　4.The word "ones"in line 16refers to

　　(A)hotels

　　(B)conventions

　　(C)kinds

　　(D)representatives

　　5.The word "it"in line 23refers to

　　(A)European inn

　　(B)host

　　(C)community

　　(D)public

　　6.It can be inferred from the passage that early hotelkeepers in the United States were

　　(A)active politicians

　　(B)European immigrants

　　(C)Professional builders

　　(D)Influential citizens

　　7.Which of the following statements about early American hotels is NOT mentioned in the passage?

　　(A)Travelers from abroad did not enjoy staying in them.

　　(B)Conventions were held in them

　　(C)People used them for both business and pleasure.

　　(D)They were important to the community.

　　Question 8-17

　　Beads were probably the first durable ornaments humans possessed,and the intimate relationship they had with their owners is reflected in the fact that beads are among the most common items found in ancient archaeological sites.In the past,as today,men,women,and children adorned themselves with beads.In some cultures still,certain beads are often worn from birth until death,and then are buried with their owners for the afterlife.Abrasion due to daily wear alters the surface features of beads,and if they are buried for long,the effects of corrosion can further change their appearance.Thus,interest is imparted to the bead both by use and the effects of time.

　　Besides their wearability,either as jewelry or incorporated into articles of attire,beads possess the desirable characteristics of every collectible,they are durable,portable,available in infinite variety,and often valuable in their original cultural context as well as in today's market.Pleasing to look at and touch,beads come in shapes,colors,and materials that almost compel one to handle them and to sort them.

　　Beads are miniature bundles of secrets waiting to be revealed:their history,manufacture,cultural context,economic role,and ornamental use are all points of information one hopes to unravel.Even the most mundane beads may have traveled great distances and been exposed to many human experiences.The bead researcher must gather information from many diverse fields.In addition to having to be a generalist while specializing in what may seem to be a narrow field,the researcher is faced with the problem of primary materials that have little or no documentation.Many ancient beads that are of ethnographic interest have often been separated from their original cultural context.

　　The special attractions of beads contribute to the uniqueness of bead research.While often regarded as the "small change of civilizations",beads are a part of every culture,and they can often be used to date archaeological sites and to designate the degree of mercantile,technological,and cultural sophistication.

　　8.What is the main subject of the passage?

　　(A)Materials used in making beads.

　　(B)How beads are made

　　(C)The reasons for studying beads

　　(D)Different types of beads

　　9.The word "adorned"in line 4is closest in meaning to

　　(A)protected

　　(B)decorated

　　(C)purchased

　　(D)enjoyed

　　10.The word "attire"in line 9is closest in meaning to

　　(A)ritual

　　(B)importance

　　(C)clothing

　　(D)history

　　11.All of the following are given as characteristics of collectible objects EXCEPT

　　(A)durability

　　(B)portability

　　(C)value

　　(D)scarcity.

　　12.According to the passage,all of the following are factors that make people want to touch beads EXCEPT the (A)shape

　　(B)color

　　(C)material

　　(D)odor

　　13.The word "unravel"in line 16is closest in meaning to

　　(A)communicate

　　(B)transport

　　(C)improve

　　(D)discover

　　14.The word "mundane"in line 16is closest in meaning to

　　(A)carved

　　(B)beautiful

　　(C)ordinary

　　(D)heavy

　　15.It is difficult to trace the history of certain ancient beads because they

　　(A)are small in size

　　(B)have been buried underground

　　(C)have been moved from their original locations

　　(D)are frequently lost

　　16.Knowledge of the history of some beads may be useful in the studies done by which of the following?

　　(A)Anthropologists

　　(B)Agricultural experts

　　(C)Medical researchers

　　(D)Economists

　　17.Where in the passage does the author describe why the appearance of beads may change?

　　(A)Lines 3-4

　　(B)Lines 6-8

　　(C)Lines 12-13

　　(D)Lines 20-22.

　　Question 18-31

　　In the world of birds,bill design is a prime example of evolutionary fine-tuning.Shorebirds such as oystercatchers use their bills to pry open the tightly sealed shells of their prey,hummingbirds have stiletto-like bills to probe the deepest nectar-bearing flowers,and kiwis smell out earthworms thanks to nostrils located at the tip of their beaks.But few birds are more intimately tied to their source of sustenance than are crossbills.Two species of these finches,named for the way the upper and lower parts of their bills cross,rather than meet in the middle,reside in the evergreen forests of North America and feed on the seeds held within the cones of coniferous trees.

　　The efficiency of the bill is evident when a crossbill locates a cone.Using a lateral motion of its lower mandible,the bird separates two overlapping scales on the cone and exposes the seed.The crossed mandibles enable the bird to exert a powerful biting force at the bill tips,which is critical for maneuvering them between the scales and spreading the scales apart.Next,the crossbill snakes its long tongue into the gap and draws out the seed.Using the combined action of the bill and tongue,the bird cracks open and discards the woody seed covering action and swallows the nutritious inner kernel.This whole process takes but a few seconds and is repeated hundreds of times a day.

　　The bills of different crossbill species and subspecies vary -some are stout and deep,others more slander and shallow.As a rule,large-billed crossbills are better at securing seeds from large cones,while small-billed crossbills are more deft at removing the seeds from small,thin-scaled cones.Moreover,the degree to which cones are naturally slightly open or tightly closed helps determine which bill design is the best.

　　One anomaly is the subspecies of red crossbill known as the Newfoundland crossbill.This bird has a large,robust bill,yet most of Newfoundland's conifers have small cones,the same kind of cones that the slender-billed white-wings rely on.

　　18.What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A)The importance of conifers in evergreen forests

　　(B)The efficiency of the bill of the crossbill

　　(C)The variety of food available in a forest

　　(D)The different techniques birds use to obtain food

　　19.Which of the following statements best represents the type of "evolutionary fine -turning"mentioned in line1?

　　(A)Different shapes of bills have evolved depending on the available food supply

　　(B)White -wing crossbills have evolved from red crossbills

　　(C)Newfoundland's conifers have evolved small cones

　　(D)Several subspecies of crossbills have evolved from two species

　　20.Why does the author mention oystercatchers,hummingbirds,and kiwis in lines 2-4?

　　(A)They are examples of birds that live in the forest

　　(B)Their beaks are similar to the beak of the crossbill

　　(C)They illustrate the relationship between bill design and food supply

　　(D)They are closely related to the crossbill

　　21.Crossbills are a type of

　　(A)shorebird

　　(B)hummingbird

　　(C)kiwi

　　(D)finch

　　22.Which of the following most closely resembles the bird described in lines 6-8?

　　(A)(圖)

　　(B)(圖)

　　(C)(圖)

　　(D)(圖)

　　23.The word "which"in line 12refers to

　　(A)seed

　　(B)bird

　　(C)force

　　(D)bill

　　24.The word "gap"in line 13is closest in meaning to

　　(A)opening

　　(B)flower

　　(C)mouth

　　(D)tree

　　25.The word "discards"in line 15is closest in meaning to

　　(A)eats

　　(B)breaks

　　(C)finds out

　　(D)gets rid of

　　26.The word "others"in line 18refers to

　　(A)bills

　　(B)species

　　(C)seeds

　　(D)cones

　　27.The word "deft"in line 19is closest in meaning to

　　(A)hungry

　　(B)skilled

　　(C)tired

　　(D)pleasant

　　28.The word "robust"in line 24is closest in meaning to

　　(A)strong

　　(B)colorful

　　(C)unusual

　　(D)sharp

　　29.In what way is the Newfoundland crossbill an anomaly?

　　(A)It is larger than the other crossbill species

　　(B)It uses a different technique to obtain food

　　(C)The size of its bill does not fit the size of its food source

　　(D)It does not live in evergreen forests.

　　30.The final paragraph of the passage will probably continue with a discussion of

　　(A)other species of forest birds

　　(B)the fragile ecosystem of Newfoundland

　　(C)what mammals live in the forests of North America

　　(D)how the Newfoundland crossbill survives with a large bill

　　31.Where in the passage does the author describe how a crossbill removes a seed from its cone?

　　(A)The first paragraph

　　(B)The second paragraph

　　(C)The third paragraph

　　(D)The forth paragraph

　　專家解讀托業(yè)考試

　　Since the TOEIC test has been updated recently, we've summarized and listed all frequently asked questions and answers as follows:

　　Q:什么是托業(yè)考試?

　　What is the TOEIC Test?

　　A:托業(yè)即TOEIC(Test of English for International Communication)，中文譯為國(guó)際交流英語考試，是針對(duì)在國(guó)際工作環(huán)境中使用英語交流的人們而指定的英語能力測(cè)評(píng)。因此托業(yè)考試滲入了更多的商務(wù)元素，既能測(cè)出一個(gè)人的英語水平又能反映其商務(wù)能力。

　　The TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication) Test is a standardized test designed to measure a person's ability to understand English as it is used in international business situation. Thus the test involves more or less business elements, so it can not only test one's English ability but business knowledge as well.

　　托業(yè)考試由美國(guó)新澤西州普林斯頓大學(xué)的教育考試服務(wù)處(ETS)設(shè)計(jì)、監(jiān)督和管理。ETS設(shè)計(jì)過很多標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試，例如：TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language)托?？荚嚕?GMAT (Graduate Mannagement Aptitude Test)經(jīng)企管理研究生入學(xué)考試和 GRE (Graduate Records Exam)美國(guó)研究生入學(xué)考試。

　　The TOEIC Test is designed, produced and administered by Educational Testing Service (ETS) of Princeton, New Jersey. ETS produces many other standardized tests, such as TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language)， GMAT (Graduate Mannagement Aptitude Test) and GRE (Graduate Records Exam)。

　　托業(yè)考試1979年在日本首次采用，1982年在韓國(guó)首次采用。目前全球超過50個(gè)國(guó)家已采用。近幾年來，近450萬人申請(qǐng)托業(yè)考試，每年有4種考試形式被采納。

　　The TOEIC Test was first administered in Japan in 1979 and in Korea in 1982. It is now given in over 50 countries all over the globe. In recent years, more than 4.5 million candidates took the test. Every year, four new forms of the test are administered.

　　Q:How is the TOEIC TEST administered(托業(yè)考試的報(bào)名形式解讀)

　　A:大多數(shù)托業(yè)考試由指定主辦機(jī)構(gòu)(如某個(gè)跨國(guó)公司)，也可以是ETS授權(quán)的當(dāng)?shù)貦C(jī)構(gòu)統(tǒng)一安排。通?？荚嚨臅r(shí)間，次數(shù)，地點(diǎn)由主辦機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)。但是在很多地方，考生可以到一些開放的行政機(jī)構(gòu)考試，像“北京外國(guó)語大學(xué)北外諾加國(guó)際教育”這樣的語言學(xué)?；蛘叽髮W(xué)等。

　　Most TOEIC testing is arranged by a sponsoring organization (a multinational corporation. for example) and by a local agent that represents ETS. The dates, times and locations of the testing are generally set by the sponsoring organization. In many places, there are also open administrations. Anyone may register to take the test at an open administration. These are given at special centers, often at language schools or universities such as Bilingo-China International College founded by Beijing Foreign Studies University.

　　Q:What format does the TOEIC Test follow(托業(yè)考試的格式和時(shí)間安排)

　　A:當(dāng)前托業(yè)考試分為聽力和閱讀兩部分，每個(gè)部分有100道題。其中聽力由4小部分組成，閱讀由3小部分組成。而且所有問題均為選擇題，有四個(gè)選項(xiàng);第二部分問題是3個(gè)答案選項(xiàng)?？荚嚂r(shí)間：兩個(gè)小時(shí)。

　　all the questions on the current TOEIC examination are multiple choice questions. Items in most parts have four answers choices; in Part 2, there are three answer choices. The test is divided into two main sections: Listening Comprehension and Reading. Each section contains 100 items. Listening Comprehension is divided into four parts, Reading into three. Each part has its own directions. The entire test takes about two hours to complete.

　　TOEIC Format

　　Section 1: Listening Comprehension

　　1 Sentences about Photographs

　　10 items

　　2 Stimuli---Response

　　30 items

　　3 Short Conversations

　　30 items

　　4 Short Talks

　　30 items

　　Total Listening

　　100 items

　　Approximately

　　45 min

　　Section 2: Reading

　　5 Sentence Completion

　　40 items

　　6 Passage Completion

　　12 items

　　7 Short Passages

　　48 items

　　Total Reading

　　100 items

　　1 hr 15 minutes

　　Total

　　200 items

　　Approximately

　　2 hours

　　(More information is to be continued)

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