GRE寫作ISSUE和ARGUMENT的差異
GRE寫作要求考生完成兩篇文章的寫作，其中ISSUE為立論而ARGUMENT為駁論。雖然同屬議論文范圍，但兩篇文章的寫作要求還是有較大差異的?？忌趥淇贾幸残杓右詤^(qū)分而不能一概而論。下面小編就來具體解讀GRE寫作ISSUE和ARGUMENT的差異。
GRE寫作ISSUE和ARGUMENT的差異
GRE作文評分方式簡介
GRE目前在中國大陸實(shí)行機(jī)考形式，其中暴扣寫作(一篇issue，30分鐘;一篇argument，30分鐘)，語文(verbal，包含填空等價(jià)與閱讀邏輯)與數(shù)學(xué)(quantitative)。每年有多次考試場次。GRE作文部分的滿分為6分。
對于新GRE考試，除了其他部分，如寫作與數(shù)學(xué)部分的變化以外，語文部分發(fā)生了較大變化，一是取消了原來的純粹詞匯測試，即中國考生俗稱為“類比反義詞”的詞匯部分;二是增加了新的填空題和閱讀理解題。ETS之所以對GRE做如此改革，一個(gè)重要原因是為了提高考試的效度。
那么我們在復(fù)習(xí)GRE語文考試時(shí)該怎么做呢?下面小站教育為大家整理了復(fù)習(xí)GRE語文考試的介紹：
準(zhǔn)備時(shí)，最重要的一個(gè)步驟在于熟悉題庫和認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備提綱。
GRE寫作立論文ISSUE提分思路
自己動手?jǐn)M一份完整的提綱是很有必要的，當(dāng)然可以參考各種資料，但必須勤動腦，想一想提綱的邏輯連續(xù)性。實(shí)際上，有偏向性、但又不要絕對化的思路才是最易上手的。
GRE寫作駁論文ARGUMENT怎么提分?
熟悉題庫更為重要。很多人覺得一個(gè)題目拿過來隨便就能挑出五六個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。正常情況下是這樣的，但的確有些難題若不事先好好準(zhǔn)備，五分鐘之內(nèi)能找出兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤就不錯(cuò)了。
雖然作文滿分只有6分，可千萬別小看了它的重要性。從某種程度上來說，它是GRE的精華——因?yàn)镚RE考的就是邏輯，用英語寫兩篇作文只是形式而已，主要目的就是考察你的邏輯分析水平。
寫駁論文有很多小竅門，如需要鍛煉出區(qū)別“事實(shí)”和“觀點(diǎn)”的能力，不論題目中所給的事實(shí)有多夸張都需認(rèn)為它是對的，不能攻擊，只能攻擊觀點(diǎn)中的邏輯漏洞;凡是跟統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字、統(tǒng)計(jì)方法有關(guān)的邏輯錯(cuò)誤都盡量不要攻擊，最多只能一筆帶過等等。
GRE寫作Issue題目分析與提綱1
第一類 社會
2. "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society." 歸根結(jié)底，競爭對于社會是利多弊少。
Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in society.
1. Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in society.
2. In democratic countries, when parties and candidates compete for power, the public benefits.
3. Admittedly, when competition gets out of the control of mores and laws, society will suffer.
競爭對于社會的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)
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3. "It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."與其花錢進(jìn)行可能有助于后代的長期性研究，還不如把錢花在迫在眉睫，已經(jīng)存在的社會問題上。
Humanity should take into account both long-term interests and short-term interests when making budgets.
1. Naturally, each generation is most concerned about solving problems that immediately confront them.
2. However, what differentiates human beings from other animals is that humans have a sense of future and are morally responsible for the well-being of their descendents.
3. Therefore, as beneficiaries of previous generations, each generation should make its own contribution for the well-being of future generations.
當(dāng)務(wù)之急和百年大計(jì)的關(guān)系
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9. "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."
近些年來，學(xué)科已經(jīng)細(xì)化到了相當(dāng)?shù)某潭纫灾劣趯W(xué)者們的理念只影響小范圍的人群。除非學(xué)者們能擁有影響到大范圍的人群，否則他們的理念將幾乎毫無用處。
The speaker oversimplifies the issue of academic influence on society.
1. It is true that academic disciplines have become so specialized nowadays that some scholar’s seemingly idiosyncratic ideas only reach a narrow audience.
2. It is also true that social scientists’ failing to reach the large public makes it impossible for their ideas to contribute to society.
3. Nevertheless, scholars in certain realms are doomed to live in an isolated and purely academic world, which does not necessarily mean that their ideas will have little use.
過分專業(yè)化問題 overspecialization
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15. "The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior."
一個(gè)社會的穩(wěn)定取決于該社會對人們極端行為所作出的反應(yīng)。
It is true that how a society copes with the extremes of human behavior largely determines the society’s stability.
1. The extremes of human behavior--such as violence or strikes--usually dictate grave social troubles.
2. One solution to these social problems is suppressing, which proves effective in the short run and counterproductive in the long run.
3. The most effective way of responding to such problems is constructive communication and sometimes compromise.
抽象型題目
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16. "Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals."
盡管許多人認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代生活的奢華和便利是絲毫沒有壞處的，但是這實(shí)際上讓人們無法成為真正強(qiáng)大和獨(dú)立的個(gè)體。
Agree
1. Consider first the effect of the automobile on our independence as individuals. In some respects the automobile serves to enhance such independence.
2. However, we have become slaves to the automobile.
3. Consider next the overall impact of the automobile on our strength as individuals, by which I mean strength of character, or mettle.
4. In contrast, there is a certain strength of character that comes with eschewing modern conveniences such as cars, and with the knowledge that one is contributing to a cleaner and quieter environment, a safer neighborhood, and arguably a more genteel society.
社會和個(gè)人之發(fā)展問題
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17. "There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."
有兩種法律：公正的和不公正的。每個(gè)社會成員都有責(zé)任遵守公正的法律，但是更重要的是，更應(yīng)該不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。
Disagree:
1. First, whether a law is just or unjust is rarely a straightforward issue. The fairness of any law depends on one’s personal value system.
2. The fairness of a law also depends on one’s personal interest, or stake, in the legal issue at hand.
3. Disobeying unjust laws often has the opposite effect of what was intended or hoped for.
4. By justifying a violation of one sort of law we find ourselves on a slippery slope toward sanctioning all types of illegal behavior, including egregious criminal conduct.
GRE寫作Issue題目分析與提綱2
19. "If a society is to thrive, it must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens."
如果一個(gè)社會要繁榮就必須將社會整體的成敗置于單個(gè)社會成員的幸福之上。
Disagree
1. The society is made up of individual citizens; therefore, the development of individual citizens is crucial for the development of the whole society.
2. A society that ignores the well being of individual citizens is bound to end up in social turmoil or revolution.
少數(shù)和多數(shù)之成功
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20. "National governments should devote more of their social programs and services to children than to adults."
任何一個(gè)國家的政府都應(yīng)該為孩子而不是為成人建設(shè)更多的社會項(xiàng)目和服務(wù)。
1. No one would deny the fact that it is in the young generation that lies the future of our society.
2. Therefore, we should attach enough importance to the development of children.
3. However, this does not mean that we can ignore the interests of adults, who make up the major work force of our society.
孩子和成人之社會建設(shè)
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22. "Many people believe that a few individuals or small groups (family, friends, teachers, celebrities, for example) have caused them to think and behave in the way they do. Yet it is always society as a whole that defines us and our attitudes, not a few individuals."
很多人認(rèn)為只是一些個(gè)人或者小團(tuán)體(比如家庭、朋友、老師、名人)促成了他們的思維和行動。其實(shí)一直以來不是一些個(gè)人而是社會作為一個(gè)整體在定義我們和我們的態(tài)度。
1. Individuals and small groups also change our attitudes and minds to a large extent.
2. Everyone influencing us is also influenced the society.
3. Internet is playing an ever more significant role in influencing people’s attitude and values.
少數(shù)和多數(shù)之定義人生
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23. "Contemporary technology makes available many small pieces of factual information. As a result, people have become so preoccupied with bits of fragmented information that they pay too little attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives."
現(xiàn)代技術(shù)使獲得大量細(xì)節(jié)信息成為可能。其結(jié)果是人們?nèi)褙炞⒂谄吡惆怂榈男畔⒍苌偃プ⒁飧蟮膯栴}和全局。
1. Access to great deal of information help people get a wider view of an issue, thus help them prevent being limited in thoughts.
2. Technology helps us pay more attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives.
3. To prevent preoccupation by fragmented information, people should hold right view on information, not to assimilate all, but to percolate relevant ones from those needing only a glance.
少數(shù)和多數(shù)之細(xì)節(jié)信息
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29. "Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy."
像演員、政治家和運(yùn)動員這樣的公眾人物應(yīng)該預(yù)料到大眾會對他們的私生活感興趣。當(dāng)他們希望受人矚目的時(shí)候就應(yīng)該至少預(yù)期到會失去一些隱私(被大眾得知一些隱私)。
Agree:
1. Intense media attention to the lives of public figures raises a presumption in the collective mind of the viewing or reading public that our public figures’ lives are far more interesting than our own.
2. The media consist of large corporations whose chief objective is to maximize shareholder profit. In pursuit of that objective, the media are simply giving the public what they demand—a voyeuristic look into the private lives of public figures.
3. Nevertheless, the statement should be qualified in that a political figure has reason to expect privacy than other public figures.
少數(shù)和多數(shù)之公眾人物的隱私
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33. "Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporary society than is the reality or truth behind that image."
在當(dāng)代社會，打造一個(gè)引人入勝的外表已經(jīng)變得比外表下的內(nèi)容更加重要了。
I agree that image has become a more central concern, at least where short-term business or political success is at stake. Nevertheless, I think that in the longer term image ultimately yields to substance and fact.
1. The important role of image is particularly evident in the business world.
2. The growing significance of image is also evident in the political realm, particularly when it comes to presidential politics.
3. In the long terms, however, the significance of image wanes considerably.
外表和內(nèi)容
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36. "The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."
一個(gè)人是否偉大是由后人評定的而非他同時(shí)代的人。
1. We do not require a rear-view mirror to recognize artistic greatness— whether in music, visual arts, or literature. The reason for this is simple: art can be judged at face value.
2. In contrast, in the sciences it is difficult to identify greatness without the benefit of historical perspective.
3. In the realm of business, in some cases great achievement is recognizable immediately, while in other cases it is not.
時(shí)間先后
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