埃及金字塔英文簡(jiǎn)介基本內(nèi)容
埃及金字塔英文簡(jiǎn)介基本內(nèi)容
埃及金字塔，是古埃及法老和王后的陵墓，是世界公認(rèn)的“古代世界八大奇跡”之一。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理的埃及金字塔英文簡(jiǎn)介，希望對(duì)你有用!
埃及金字塔簡(jiǎn)介
The Egyptian pyramids were built in the year 2600 BC, a total of more than 70 seats, most of which is located in the desert of the southwest of the Giza Plateau in Cairo, is one of the world's recognized "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World". Among them, the largest and most famous is the generation of three generations of pyramids - Khufu pyramid, Hafra pyramid and the door of the pyramid. Which, in turn, is the most pyramid, it is equivalent to a more than 40 layers of skyscrapers. It is said that there are 10 million people in the sun exposure and supervision of the workers under the whip, with a decade of time to build stone and underground graves, and spent 20 years to build a tower, the whole project lasted more than 30 years. It is generally believed that the pyramids are the tombs of ancient Egyptian pharaohs (kings).
Most of the sources of the study showed the number of pyramids in Egypt, and in 1842 Karl Richard Lepsius produced the List of Egyptian pyramids, when he counted 67, but in his later archaeological career More of the pyramids he identifies and discovers, and many inaccurate counts are related to many of the poorly preserved little pyramid wrecks and gravel mausoleums, and the wreckage is often difficult to confirm whether the tomb is a pyramid-type structure, but they are indeed The existence is also studied and identified by the archaeologists, most of which will be difficult to confirm the relics of the district classification, the number of groups calculated, which from north to south the most important observation range.
On December 26, 2007, the head of the Supreme Council of Egypt's monuments declared that Egypt would pay royalties by Egyptian monuments such as the Egyptian pyramids or human lion-like bodies through laws applicable to the world, as thousands of Pharaohs in Egypt Maintenance costs, but do not prohibit artists from all over the world to use paintings or other means to copy the Pharaoh monuments and Egyptian monuments to gain benefits, as long as these works "not 100% replicas" on it.
The pyramids are the tombs of ancient Egyptian slavery kings, which were historically called "Pharaoh". Ancient Egyptian devotion to God, so that it has long formed a deep-rooted "concept of the afterlife", they even think that "life is just a short stay, and after death is a permanent enjoyment." Thus, the Egyptians see the world as a continuation of earthly life. By this "concept of the afterlife", the ancient Egyptians alive, they are sincere, confidently prepared for the death. Every rich Egyptian man is prepared to prepare his own graves for himself and decorate the graves with all kinds of items for everlasting life. In the case of Pharaohs or nobles, he would spend years or even decades to build the graves and instruct the craftsmen to describe the sailing, hunting and feast of the frescoes and the wooden model As well as the labor of the servants, and so on, so that he can live in the same life as comfortable and happy. Ancient Egyptians call it "Maastaba". Later, there was a clever young man named Imjeepop, in the Egyptian Pharaoh left the king to design the grave, invented a new building method.
And finally built a six-story trapezoidal pyramid - this is what we see the pyramid of the embryonic form.
Look like the word "gold", so we call it "pyramid". The tower mausoleum of the design of the Yimuai Taipu is the first stone tomb in Egypt's history.
After the king left the Egyptian Pharaoh had to follow him, in his lifetime wantonly built their own graves, from ancient Egypt set off a pyramid to create a wind. As the pyramids originated in the ancient kingdom period, and the largest pyramid was built during this period.
The ancient Egyptians produced the king's death to become God, "for him (Pharaoh) built heaven ladder, so that he can come to heaven." The pyramid is such a ladder. At the same time, the pyramid pyramid form also represents the worship of the sun god, because the ancient Egyptian sun god "pull" the sign is the sun light.
"Like the eyes of the same pull." Later, the ancient Egyptian obsession worship also have such significance, because the obelisk also said the sun's light.
The largest of all the pyramids of ancient Egypt is the pyramid of the fourth king of Pharaohs. This large pyramid is 146.59 meters high, after thousands of years of wind and rain, the top has been eroded nearly 10 meters. It was the tallest building in the world before the construction of the Eiffel Tower in Paris in 1889. Khufu's pyramid, in addition to its large scale and amazing, but also with its high degree of architectural skills named. Between the stones of the tower, there is no cement and the like, but a stone stacked on top of another stone. Every stone is very flat, has been for thousands of years, even so, it is difficult to use a sharp blade inserted into the gap between the stones, so can not count down for thousands of years, it can not be said that A miracle in the history of architecture. In addition, in the big pyramid on the north side of the ground 13 meters above the ground there is a brick with four boulders into the entrance. This triangle is very clever, because if you do not use triangles and quadrilateral, then, more than 100 meters high pyramid itself, the enormous pressure will collapse the entrance. And with the triangle, so that the great pressure evenly spread out. In more than four thousand years ago, the mechanics of this understanding and use, to have such a structure, is indeed very great.
Soon after his death, he built a pyramid near his Great Pyramid. This is the pyramid of Khufu's son Hafra. It is 3 meters lower than Khufu's pyramid, but it seems to be taller than the Khufu pyramid because it's slightly above the ground. Near the tower built a carved Hafra's head and with the lion's body statue, the so-called Sphinx. In addition to the lion is built with stones, the whole Sphinx is in a huge natural rock chiseled. It has been 4500 years of history.
In the ancient Egyptian mythology, the lion is the guardian of the mysterious places, but also the guardian of the underground world gate. Because the death of Pharaoh to become a sun god, so to create such a Sphinx as Pharaoh guarding the door.
After the fourth dynasty, although the other Pharaoh built a lot of pyramids, but the size and quality can not be compared with the pyramid. After the sixth dynasty, with the ancient kingdom of the division and the decline of the power of the Pharaoh and the Egyptian people's resistance and some people's tomb, often Pharaoh's "mummy" from the pyramid dragged out, so the Egyptian pharaoh who will no longer build the pyramid , But in the mountains to dig a secret mausoleum.
埃及金字塔建造之謎
The construction of the pyramid does not have any documentation. There are several ideas for future generations. One is to use a huge lever, a rope tied with stones, the other end of the stone through the man to the top of the hanging, and then gradually up the stones pile up. Another speculation is that with the mound into the slope, the use of wooden roller to pull up the stones, the mound is surrounded by pyramid spiral rise. It was also argued that the second method of mound removal was a big problem, and thus speculated that began to use mound and then leveraged. There is another, that is, alien manufacturing.
The construction of the pyramid, whose technology is used in modern standards may not be clever, but in their management and organizational ability to give us a silence proof. For example, the Great Pyramid of Khufu covers an area of 13 acres, with 2.3 million stones, each stone weighs about two and a half. The building, according to the estimated fee to 100,000 people twenty years of power.
However, there is another argument, in 2006, Philadelphia Dreiser University material engineering professor Barr Somme speculated that "the ancient Egyptians in the construction of the upper pyramid, the concrete is poured into the high mold, and Not the boulder haul to the height. "(The full text published in December 2006 of the American Ceramic Association journal), of course, this argument has also been questioned by many people, which they question whether the sampling of Balu Som is sampling to The cement used to repair the pyramid in modern times. The French architect Jean-Pierre Hu Dan on March 31, 2007 proposed "from the inside to the cover" argument, that is, in the Great Pyramid wall built an external slope, and then to build an internal spiral tunnel.
金字塔能
在全世界研究金字塔的浪潮中，真是一迷未解，一謎又起。說(shuō)法越來(lái)越多，也愈來(lái)愈離奇，被它吸引的人也日益增加。近三十年來(lái)，忽然又冒出一項(xiàng)所謂“新發(fā)現(xiàn)”，在西方接連出版了幾十本洋洋灑灑的專著，上百篇的論文，成千上萬(wàn)人在試驗(yàn)、探討，它的熱潮正方興未艾。這項(xiàng)“新發(fā)現(xiàn)”就是當(dāng)前響應(yīng)歐美各國(guó)的“金字塔能”。它說(shuō)的是金字塔形的構(gòu)造物，其內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生著一種無(wú)形的、特殊的能量，故稱之為“金字塔能”。據(jù)說(shuō)，這種能量有著許多用途和奇特的功效。
故事還得從頭講起。
20世紀(jì)40年代，一位名叫布菲的法國(guó)人來(lái)到埃及，進(jìn)入胡夫金字塔內(nèi)參觀。在胡夫墓室內(nèi)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)一些干癟的小動(dòng)物的尸體?？礃幼铀鼈冏约号苓M(jìn)來(lái)，已死去很久。室內(nèi)雖然并不干燥，但尸體一點(diǎn)也不腐爛發(fā)臭。布菲十分納悶，沉思了一會(huì)，突然靈機(jī)一動(dòng)，他想可能是金字塔形的建筑使它們變成了木乃伊?；貒?guó)后，他按胡夫金字塔千分之一的比例，用木板制作了一個(gè)缺底的小金字塔模型。他把模型按南北方向放置，在中軸線據(jù)塔底三分之一高的地方，即胡夫殯室的位置上安放了一只剛死的貓。奇怪的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生了。過(guò)了一些日子，死貓成了一具木乃伊。布菲又對(duì)其他的有機(jī)物進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，也得到了同樣的結(jié)果。此后，捷克無(wú)線電工程師卡里爾-杜拜爾偶然翻閱布菲的論文集時(shí)，讀到布菲用馬糞制作胡夫金字塔模型試驗(yàn)情況。杜拜爾心想，這種實(shí)驗(yàn)太容易了，不妨自己也來(lái)試試。于是，他用三毫米厚的馬糞紙，按胡夫金字塔的比例，做了幾個(gè)30厘米高的模型，進(jìn)行第一次實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果他吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)，放在模型內(nèi)的牛肉、羊肉、雞蛋、花朵、死青蛙、壁虎等果然變干而不腐。實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得初步成功后，他就與布菲通信，兩人保持著經(jīng)常地聯(lián)系。
杜拜爾不斷地試驗(yàn)，探討模型內(nèi)究竟存在什么能量。有一次，他將一把刮胡子刀片放在模型內(nèi)，滿以為它將變鈍，但結(jié)果卻相反，刀片變得更鋒利，他用這把刀片刮了50次胡子。這樣，他就開始研究金字塔模型對(duì)刀片的影響。他做了一個(gè)15厘米高的模型，把刀片平放在塔內(nèi)據(jù)塔底三分之一高的地方，刀片的兩端對(duì)準(zhǔn)南北方向，模型本身也按南北放置。幾次試驗(yàn)，結(jié)果雷同。一種極其簡(jiǎn)單而又神奇的磨刀片器——馬糞紙的胡夫金字塔模型就這樣發(fā)明了。
1949年，杜拜爾正式向捷克首都布拉格有關(guān)部門申請(qǐng)注冊(cè)“法老磨刀片器”的發(fā)明權(quán)。在捷克，一般專利發(fā)明權(quán)至多3年即可批準(zhǔn)，但這項(xiàng)編號(hào)為91304的發(fā)明經(jīng)過(guò)了整整10年的周折，直到1959年才批下。其間，杜拜爾竭力說(shuō)服專利委員會(huì)，并向委員會(huì)主席通了一個(gè)模型。該主席親自進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。最后表示這項(xiàng)發(fā)明確有實(shí)效，它并不是什么欺騙或魔術(shù)。與此同時(shí)，杜拜爾還探索模型磨刀片的原理。杜拜爾在一家無(wú)線電研究所工作，他可以了解當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最新的科技情報(bào)。并充分利用所里的設(shè)備與儀器。他把實(shí)驗(yàn)擴(kuò)展到收音機(jī)、雷達(dá)、宇宙線和其他射線中，研究用馬糞紙這樣的絕緣體制成的金字塔模型，其內(nèi)部的空間產(chǎn)生著什么樣的震蕩，這種震蕩又和地球磁場(chǎng)與刀刃之間有什么關(guān)系。最后，他得出一種假設(shè)，或稱為一個(gè)定理：來(lái)自太陽(yáng)的宇宙微波，通過(guò)聚集于塔內(nèi)的地球磁場(chǎng)，活躍了模型內(nèi)的震蕩波，使刀片“脫水”變鋒利。
興起和演變
金字塔是古埃及奴隸制國(guó)王的陵寢。這些統(tǒng)治者在歷史上稱之為“法老”。古代埃及人對(duì)神的虔誠(chéng)信仰，使其很早就形成了一個(gè)根深蒂固的“來(lái)世觀念”，他們甚至認(rèn)為“人生只不過(guò)是一個(gè)短暫的居留，而死后才是永久的享受”。因而，埃及人把冥世看做是塵世生活的延續(xù)。受這種“來(lái)世觀念”的影響，古埃及人活著的時(shí)候，就誠(chéng)心備至、充滿信心地為死后做準(zhǔn)備。每一個(gè)有錢的埃及人都要忙著為自己準(zhǔn)備墳?zāi)梗⒂酶鞣N物品去裝飾墳?zāi)?，以求死后獲得永生。以法老或貴族而論，他會(huì)花費(fèi)幾年，甚至幾十年的時(shí)間去建造墳?zāi)?，還命令匠人以墳?zāi)贡诋嫼湍局颇Ｐ蛠?lái)描繪他死后要繼續(xù)從事的駕船、狩獵、歡宴活動(dòng)，以及仆人們應(yīng)做的活計(jì)，等等，使他能在死后同生前一樣生活得舒適如意。
相傳，古埃及第三王朝之前，無(wú)論王公大臣還是老百姓死后，都被葬入一種用泥磚建成的長(zhǎng)方形的墳?zāi)梗糯＜叭私兴?ldquo;馬斯塔巴”。后來(lái)，有個(gè)聰明的年輕人叫伊姆荷太普，在給埃及法老左塞王設(shè)計(jì)墳?zāi)箷r(shí)，發(fā)明了一種新的建筑方法。
他用山上采下的呈方形的石塊來(lái)代替泥磚，并不斷修改修建陵墓的設(shè)計(jì)方案，最終建成一個(gè)六級(jí)的梯形金字塔——這就是我們現(xiàn)在所看到的金字塔的雛形。
在古代埃及文中，金字塔是梯形分層的，因此又稱作層級(jí)金字塔。這是一種高大的角錐體建筑物，底座四方形，每個(gè)側(cè)面是三角形，樣子就像漢字的“金”字，所以我們叫它“金字塔”。伊姆荷太普設(shè)計(jì)的塔式陵墓是埃及歷史上的第一座石質(zhì)陵墓。
左塞王之后的埃及法老紛紛效仿他，在生前就大肆為自己修建墳?zāi)?，從此在古埃及掀起一股營(yíng)造金字塔之風(fēng)。由于金字塔起源于古王國(guó)時(shí)期，而且最大的金字塔也建在此時(shí)期內(nèi)，因此，埃及的古王國(guó)時(shí)期又被稱為金字塔時(shí)代。古代埃及的法老們?yōu)槭裁匆獙災(zāi)剐蕹山清F體的形式，即修成漢字中的金字形呢?
原來(lái)，在最早的時(shí)候，埃及的法老是準(zhǔn)備將馬斯塔巴作為死后的永久性住所的。后來(lái)，大約在第二至第三王朝的時(shí)候，古埃及人產(chǎn)生了國(guó)王死后要成為神，他的靈魂要升天的觀念。在后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)的《金字塔銘文》中有這樣的話：“為他(法老)建造起上天的天梯，以便他可由此上到天上”。金字塔就是這樣的天梯。同時(shí)，角錐體金字塔形式又表示對(duì)太陽(yáng)神的崇拜，因?yàn)楣糯＜疤?yáng)神“拉”的標(biāo)志是太陽(yáng)光芒。金字塔象征的就是刺向青天的太陽(yáng)光芒。因?yàn)?，?dāng)你站在通往基澤的路上，在金字塔棱線的角度上向西方看去，可以看到金字塔象撒向大地的太陽(yáng)光芒。
《金字塔銘文》中有這樣的話：“天空把自己的光芒伸向你，以便你可以去到天上，猶如拉的眼睛一樣”。后來(lái)古代埃及人對(duì)方尖碑的崇拜也有這樣意義，因?yàn)榉郊獗脖硎咎?yáng)的光芒。
古埃及所有金字塔中最大的一座，是第四王朝法老胡夫的金字塔。這座大金字塔原高146.59米，經(jīng)過(guò)幾千年來(lái)的風(fēng)吹雨打，頂端已經(jīng)剝蝕了將近10米。在1888年巴黎建筑起埃菲爾鐵塔以前，它一直是世界上最高的建筑物。這座金字塔的底面呈正方形，每邊長(zhǎng)230多米，繞金字塔一周，差不多要走一公里的路程。胡夫的金字塔，除了以其規(guī)模的巨大而令人驚嘆以外，還以其高度的建筑技巧而得名。塔身的石塊之間，沒(méi)有任何水泥之類的粘著物，而是一塊石頭疊在另一塊石頭上面的。每塊石頭都磨得很平，至今已歷時(shí)數(shù)千年，就算這樣，人們也很難用一把鋒利的刀刃插入石塊之間的縫隙，所以能歷數(shù)千年而不倒，這不能不說(shuō)是建筑史上的奇跡。另外，在大金字塔身的北側(cè)離地面13米高處有一個(gè)用4塊巨石砌成的三角形出入口。這個(gè)三角形用得很巧妙，因?yàn)槿绻挥萌切味盟倪呅?，那么，一百多米高的金字塔本身的巨大壓力將?huì)把這個(gè)出入口壓塌。而用三角形，就使那巨大的壓力均勻地分散開了。在四千多年前對(duì)力學(xué)原理有這樣的理解和運(yùn)用，能有這樣的構(gòu)造，確實(shí)是十分了不起的。
胡夫死后不久，在他的大金字塔不遠(yuǎn)的地方，又建起了一座金字塔。這是胡夫的兒子哈夫拉的金字塔。它比胡夫的金字塔低3米，但由于它的地面稍高，因此看起來(lái)似乎比胡夫的金字塔還要高一些。塔的附近建有一個(gè)雕著哈夫拉的頭部而配著獅子身體的大雕像，即所謂獅身人面像。除獅是用石塊砌成之外，整個(gè)獅身人面像是在一塊巨大的天然巖石上鑿成的。它至今已有4500多年的歷史。
為什么刻成獅身呢?在古埃及神話里，獅子乃是各種神秘地方的守護(hù)者，也是地下世界大門的守護(hù)者。因?yàn)榉ɡ纤篮笠蔀槌商?yáng)神，所以就造了這樣一個(gè)獅身人面像為法老守護(hù)門戶。
第四王朝以后，其他法老雖然建造了許多金字塔，但規(guī)模和質(zhì)量都不能和上述金字塔相比。第六王朝以后，隨著古王國(guó)的分裂和法老權(quán)力下降以及埃及人民的反抗和有些人的盜墓，常把法老的“木乃伊”從金字塔里拖出來(lái)，所以埃及的法老們也就不再建造金字塔，而是在深山里開鑿秘密陵墓了。
嶄新理論 近年來(lái)天文科技的發(fā)展有了震撼性突破。他們驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)，位于火星球體的物質(zhì)形狀外表酷似金字塔，而且有著類似獅身人面像的面部特征造型!這一重大發(fā)現(xiàn)透視出火星與金字塔二者之間有著某種令人激動(dòng)的微妙聯(lián)系。而最近披露的消息說(shuō)，開羅南部有一座神廟，其墻壁上發(fā)現(xiàn)有大量難以解釋的壁畫圖案，畫面清晰逼真地演繹著高速快車、宇宙飛船等現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)物，而其中一架飛機(jī)的形狀酷似美國(guó)數(shù)年前的阿帕齊755型飛機(jī)!是5000年前古埃及人大智大慧的預(yù)言，亦或是當(dāng)時(shí)文明存在的遺跡?為什么金字塔千古之謎會(huì)和火星有著剪不斷、理還亂的千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系呢?
有一玄妙理論來(lái)自于本世紀(jì)40年代美國(guó)預(yù)言家凱斯。埃德加·凱斯運(yùn)用精神方法誘發(fā)潛在能量，據(jù)說(shuō)當(dāng)凱斯預(yù)言事物時(shí)，他身體平躺，雙目微閉，雙手交叉放在前額，這時(shí)一道閃電倏然出現(xiàn)，答案便由此而來(lái)。在此之后，15年，新的理論觀點(diǎn)稱法老墓準(zhǔn)確對(duì)著某些星宿，或許希望著法老王死后早日升天。三座金字塔的排列與獵戶星宿極為相似，即兩顆是平行，一星稍偏離。此番專家霍格蘭提出了大膽的設(shè)想：大約一萬(wàn)兩千年前，一場(chǎng)史無(wú)前例的災(zāi)難毀滅了火星上的生物，而火星上那些掌握最高科技的人群先有準(zhǔn)備，離開火星，逃往地球。假設(shè)如此，讓我們不妨浪漫地想象一下，21世紀(jì)的人類也許在不久的將來(lái)登上火星，找到我們真正的歷史，找到我們來(lái)時(shí)的路，找到我們?cè)械?ldquo;家”。
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