初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)歸納(2)
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)歸納
六、過(guò)去完成時(shí):
概念:
以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):
before,
by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):
had +done.
否定形式:
had + not+ done.
一般疑問(wèn)句:
had放于句首。
七、一般將來(lái)時(shí):
概念:
表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):
tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):
?、?am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:
?、賥as/were + not;
② 行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
一般疑問(wèn)句:
?、賐e放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):
概念:
立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻,從過(guò)去看將來(lái),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):
the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):
?、賥as/were/going to + do;
②would/should + do.
否定形式:
?、賥as/were/not + going to + do;
?、趙ould/should + not + do.
一般疑問(wèn)句:
①was或were放于句首;
?、趙ould/should 提到句首。
Ⅱ. 幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換,以下是幾種常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換形式:
一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達(dá)方式:
?、偎查g動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中;
②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ),與一段時(shí)間連用;
?、鬯查g動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中,表示“自從……以來(lái)有……時(shí)間”的意思,主句一般用it is來(lái)代替It has been;
?、芩查g動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”,如at work(在工作), at school(上學(xué)、上課)等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意為“我就來(lái),媽媽!”請(qǐng)看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換
“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”、表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事;將來(lái)時(shí)“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)時(shí),常用助動(dòng)詞shall。在口語(yǔ)中,所有人稱(chēng)都可以用will。請(qǐng)看:
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday