八年級(jí)上冊(cè)數(shù)學(xué)第4章圖形與坐標(biāo)單元測(cè)試提高題
八年級(jí)上冊(cè)數(shù)學(xué)第4章圖形與坐標(biāo)單元測(cè)試提高題
做八年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)單元測(cè)試題時(shí)仔細(xì)琢磨題意很重要。下面小編給大家分享一些八年級(jí)上冊(cè)數(shù)學(xué)第4章圖形與坐標(biāo)單元測(cè)試題,大家快來跟小編一起看看吧。
八年級(jí)上冊(cè)數(shù)學(xué)第4章圖形與坐標(biāo)單元測(cè)試題
一、選擇題(共15小題)
1.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)A(﹣1,2)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)為( )
A.(﹣1,2) B.(1,2) C.(1,﹣2) D.(﹣1,﹣2)
2.如圖,△ABC與△DEF關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,已知A(﹣4,6),B(﹣6,2),E(2,1),則點(diǎn)D的坐標(biāo)為( )
A.(﹣4,6) B.(4,6) C.(﹣2,1) D.(6,2)
3.如圖,在3×3的正方形網(wǎng)格中由四個(gè)格點(diǎn)A,B,C,D,以其中一點(diǎn)為原點(diǎn),網(wǎng)格線所在直線為坐標(biāo)軸,建立平面直角坐標(biāo)系,使其余三個(gè)點(diǎn)中存在兩個(gè)點(diǎn)關(guān)于一條坐標(biāo)軸對(duì)稱,則原點(diǎn)是( )
A.A點(diǎn) B.B點(diǎn) C.C點(diǎn) D.D點(diǎn)
4.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,與點(diǎn)(1,2)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是( )
A.(﹣1,2) B.(1,﹣2) C.(﹣1,﹣2) D.(﹣2,﹣1)
5.點(diǎn)(3,2)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為( )
A.(3,﹣2) B.(﹣3,2) C.(﹣3,﹣2) D.(2,﹣3)
6.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)P(﹣3,2)關(guān)于直線y=x對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是( )
A.(﹣3,﹣2) B.(3,2) C.(2,﹣3) D.(3,﹣2)
7.如圖,把Rt△ABC放在直角坐標(biāo)系內(nèi),其中∠CAB=90°,BC=5,點(diǎn)A、B的坐標(biāo)分別為(1,0)、(4,0).將△ABC沿x軸向右平移,當(dāng)點(diǎn)C落在直線y=2x﹣6上時(shí),線段BC掃過的面積為( )
A.4 B.8 C.16 D.8
8.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,將點(diǎn)P(3,2)向右平移2個(gè)單位,所得的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是( )
A.(1,2) B.(3,0) C.(3,4) D.(5,2)
9.如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,將點(diǎn)M(2,1)向下平移2個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度得到點(diǎn)N,則點(diǎn)N的坐標(biāo)為( )
A.(2,﹣1) B.(2,3) C.(0,1) D.(4,1)
10.如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,正三角形OAB的頂點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)為(2,0),點(diǎn)A在第一象限內(nèi),將△OAB沿直線OA的方向平移至△O′A′B′的位置,此時(shí)點(diǎn)A′的橫坐標(biāo)為3,則點(diǎn)B′的坐標(biāo)為( )
A.(4,2 ) B.(3,3 ) C.(4,3 ) D.(3,2 )
11.如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,△ABC的頂點(diǎn)都在方格紙的格點(diǎn)上,如果將△ABC先向右平移4個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度,再向下平移1個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度,得到△A1B1C1,那么點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)A1的坐標(biāo)為( )
A.(4,3) B.(2,4) C.(3,1) D.(2,5)
12.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,已知點(diǎn)A(2,3),則點(diǎn)A關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為( )
A.(3,2) B.(2,﹣3) C.(﹣2,3) D.(﹣2,﹣3)
13.點(diǎn)P(2,﹣5)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為( )
A.(﹣2,5) B.(2,5) C.(﹣2,﹣5) D.(2,﹣5)
14.點(diǎn)A(1,﹣2)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是( )
A.(1,﹣2) B.(﹣1,2) C.(﹣1,﹣2) D.(1,2)
15.已知點(diǎn)A(a,2013)與點(diǎn)B(2014,b)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱,則a+b的值為( )
A.﹣1 B.1 C.2 D.3
二、填空題(共15小題)
16.平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)A(2,0)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)A′的坐標(biāo)為 .
17.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)(﹣3,2)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是 .
18.已知點(diǎn)P(3,a)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為Q(b,2),則ab= .
19.若點(diǎn)M(3,a)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)是點(diǎn)N(b,2),則(a+b)2014= .
20.已知點(diǎn)P(3,﹣1)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)Q的坐標(biāo)是(a+b,1﹣b),則ab的值為 .
21.點(diǎn)A(﹣3,0)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是 .
22.點(diǎn)P(2,﹣1)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)P′的坐標(biāo)是 .
23.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)A(2,﹣3)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為 .
24.點(diǎn)P(﹣2,3)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P′的坐標(biāo)為 .
25.點(diǎn)P(3,2)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是 .
26.點(diǎn)P(1,﹣2)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為 .
27.點(diǎn)A(﹣3,2)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)A′的坐標(biāo)為 .
28.點(diǎn)P(2,3)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為 .
29.若點(diǎn)A(m+2,3)與點(diǎn)B(﹣4,n+5)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,則m+n= .
30.已知P(1,﹣2),則點(diǎn)P關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是 .
八年級(jí)上冊(cè)數(shù)學(xué)第4章圖形與坐標(biāo)單元測(cè)試題參考答案
一、選擇題(共15小題)
1.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)A(﹣1,2)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)為( )
A.(﹣1,2) B.(1,2) C.(1,﹣2) D.(﹣1,﹣2)
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):橫坐標(biāo)不變,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù)可得B點(diǎn)坐標(biāo).
【解答】解:點(diǎn)A(﹣1,2)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)為(﹣1,﹣2),
故選:D.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn),關(guān)鍵是掌握點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律.
2.如圖,△ABC與△DEF關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,已知A(﹣4,6),B(﹣6,2),E(2,1),則點(diǎn)D的坐標(biāo)為( )
A.(﹣4,6) B.(4,6) C.(﹣2,1) D.(6,2)
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),縱坐標(biāo)不變.即點(diǎn)P(x,y)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P′的坐標(biāo)是(﹣x,y),進(jìn)而得出答案.
【解答】解:∵△ABC與△DEF關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,A(﹣4,6),
∴D(4,6).
故選:B.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的性質(zhì),準(zhǔn)確記憶橫縱坐標(biāo)的關(guān)系是解題關(guān)鍵.
3.如圖,在3×3的正方形網(wǎng)格中由四個(gè)格點(diǎn)A,B,C,D,以其中一點(diǎn)為原點(diǎn),網(wǎng)格線所在直線為坐標(biāo)軸,建立平面直角坐標(biāo)系,使其余三個(gè)點(diǎn)中存在兩個(gè)點(diǎn)關(guān)于一條坐標(biāo)軸對(duì)稱,則原點(diǎn)是( )
A.A點(diǎn) B.B點(diǎn) C.C點(diǎn) D.D點(diǎn)
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo);坐標(biāo)確定位置.
【分析】以每個(gè)點(diǎn)為原點(diǎn),確定其余三個(gè)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo),找出滿足條件的點(diǎn),得到答案.
【解答】解:當(dāng)以點(diǎn)B為原點(diǎn)時(shí),
A(﹣1,﹣1),C(1,﹣1),
則點(diǎn)A和點(diǎn)C關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,
符合條件,
故選:B.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查的是關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)和坐標(biāo)確定位置,掌握平面直角坐標(biāo)系內(nèi)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的確定方法和對(duì)稱的性質(zhì)是解題的關(guān)鍵.
4.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,與點(diǎn)(1,2)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是( )
A.(﹣1,2) B.(1,﹣2) C.(﹣1,﹣2) D.(﹣2,﹣1)
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)“關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),縱坐標(biāo)相同,橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù)”解答即可.
【解答】解:點(diǎn)(1,2)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是(﹣1,2).
故選A.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】解決本題的關(guān)鍵是掌握好對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)規(guī)律:
(1)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),橫坐標(biāo)相同,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù);
(2)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),縱坐標(biāo)相同,橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù);
(3)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),橫坐標(biāo)與縱坐標(biāo)都互為相反數(shù).
5.(2013•珠海)點(diǎn)(3,2)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為( )
A.(3,﹣2) B.(﹣3,2) C.(﹣3,﹣2) D.(2,﹣3)
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):橫坐標(biāo)不變,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù)可直接寫出答案.
【解答】解:點(diǎn)(3,2)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為(3,﹣2),
故選:A.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn),關(guān)鍵是掌握點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律.
6.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)P(﹣3,2)關(guān)于直線y=x對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是( )
A.(﹣3,﹣2) B.(3,2) C.(2,﹣3) D.(3,﹣2)
【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-對(duì)稱.
【分析】根據(jù)直線y=x是第一、三象限的角平分線,和點(diǎn)P的坐標(biāo)結(jié)合圖形得到答案.
【解答】解:點(diǎn)P關(guān)于直線y=x對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為點(diǎn)Q,
作AP∥x軸交y=x于A,
∵y=x是第一、三象限的角平分線,
∴點(diǎn)A的坐標(biāo)為(2,2),
∵AP=AQ,
∴點(diǎn)Q的坐標(biāo)為(2,﹣3)
故選:C.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查的是坐標(biāo)與圖形的變換,掌握軸對(duì)稱的性質(zhì)是解題的關(guān)鍵,注意角平分線的性質(zhì)的應(yīng)用.
7.如圖,把Rt△ABC放在直角坐標(biāo)系內(nèi),其中∠CAB=90°,BC=5,點(diǎn)A、B的坐標(biāo)分別為(1,0)、(4,0).將△ABC沿x軸向右平移,當(dāng)點(diǎn)C落在直線y=2x﹣6上時(shí),線段BC掃過的面積為( )
A.4 B.8 C.16 D.8
【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-平移;一次函數(shù)圖象上點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特征.
【分析】根據(jù)題意,線段BC掃過的面積應(yīng)為一平行四邊形的面積,其高是AC的長(zhǎng),底是點(diǎn)C平移的路程.求當(dāng)點(diǎn)C落在直線y=2x﹣6上時(shí)的橫坐標(biāo)即可.
【解答】解:如圖所示.
∵點(diǎn)A、B的坐標(biāo)分別為(1,0)、(4,0),
∴AB=3.
∵∠CAB=90°,BC=5,
∴AC=4.
∴A′C′=4.
∵點(diǎn)C′在直線y=2x﹣6上,
∴2x﹣6=4,解得 x=5.
即OA′=5.
∴CC′=5﹣1=4.
∴S▱BCC′B′=4×4=16 (面積單位).
即線段BC掃過的面積為16面積單位.
故選:C.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題考查平移的性質(zhì)及一次函數(shù)的綜合應(yīng)用,解決本題的關(guān)鍵是明確線段BC掃過的面積應(yīng)為一平行四邊形的面積.
8.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,將點(diǎn)P(3,2)向右平移2個(gè)單位,所得的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是( )
A.(1,2) B.(3,0) C.(3,4) D.(5,2)
【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-平移.
【分析】將點(diǎn)P(3,2)向右平移2個(gè)單位后,縱坐標(biāo)不變,橫坐標(biāo)加上2即可得到平移后點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【解答】解:將點(diǎn)P(3,2)向右平移2個(gè)單位,所得的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是(3+2,2),即(5,2).
故選D.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了坐標(biāo)與圖形變化﹣平移,掌握平移中點(diǎn)的變化規(guī)律:橫坐標(biāo)右移加,左移減;縱坐標(biāo)上移加,下移減是解題的關(guān)鍵.
9.如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,將點(diǎn)M(2,1)向下平移2個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度得到點(diǎn)N,則點(diǎn)N的坐標(biāo)為( )
A.(2,﹣1) B.(2,3) C.(0,1) D.(4,1)
【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-平移.
【分析】將點(diǎn)M(2,1)向下平移2個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度后,橫坐標(biāo)不變,縱坐標(biāo)減去2即可得到平移后點(diǎn)N的坐標(biāo).
【解答】解:將點(diǎn)M(2,1)向下平移2個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度得到點(diǎn)N,則點(diǎn)N的坐標(biāo)為(2,1﹣2),即(2,﹣1).
故選A.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了坐標(biāo)與圖形變化﹣平移,掌握平移中點(diǎn)的變化規(guī)律:橫坐標(biāo)右移加,左移減;縱坐標(biāo)上移加,下移減是解題的關(guān)鍵.
10.如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,正三角形OAB的頂點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)為(2,0),點(diǎn)A在第一象限內(nèi),將△OAB沿直線OA的方向平移至△O′A′B′的位置,此時(shí)點(diǎn)A′的橫坐標(biāo)為3,則點(diǎn)B′的坐標(biāo)為( )
A.(4,2 ) B.(3,3 ) C.(4,3 ) D.(3,2 )
【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-平移;等邊三角形的性質(zhì).
【分析】作AM⊥x軸于點(diǎn)M.根據(jù)等邊三角形的性質(zhì)得出OA=OB=2,∠AOB=60°,在直角△OAM中利用含30°角的直角三角形的性質(zhì)求出OM= OA=1,AM= OM= ,則A(1, ),直線OA的解析式為y= x,將x=3代入,求出y=3 ,那么A′(3,3 ),由一對(duì)對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)A與A′的坐標(biāo)求出平移規(guī)律,再根據(jù)此平移規(guī)律即可求出點(diǎn)B′的坐標(biāo).
【解答】解:如圖,作AM⊥x軸于點(diǎn)M.
∵正三角形OAB的頂點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)為(2,0),
∴OA=OB=2,∠AOB=60°,
∴OM= OA=1,AM= OM= ,
∴A(1, ),
∴直線OA的解析式為y= x,
∴當(dāng)x=3時(shí),y=3 ,
∴A′(3,3 ),
∴將點(diǎn)A向右平移2個(gè)單位,再向上平移2 個(gè)單位后可得A′,
∴將點(diǎn)B(2,0)向右平移2個(gè)單位,再向上平移2 個(gè)單位后可得B′,
∴點(diǎn)B′的坐標(biāo)為(4,2 ),
故選A.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了坐標(biāo)與圖形變化﹣平移,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,圖形的平移與圖形上某點(diǎn)的平移相同.平移中點(diǎn)的變化規(guī)律是:橫坐標(biāo)右移加,左移減;縱坐標(biāo)上移加,下移減.也考查了等邊三角形的性質(zhì),含30°角的直角三角形的性質(zhì).求出點(diǎn)A′的坐標(biāo)是解題的關(guān)鍵.
11.如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,△ABC的頂點(diǎn)都在方格紙的格點(diǎn)上,如果將△ABC先向右平移4個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度,再向下平移1個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度,得到△A1B1C1,那么點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)A1的坐標(biāo)為( )
A.(4,3) B.(2,4) C.(3,1) D.(2,5)
【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-平移.
【分析】根據(jù)平移規(guī)律橫坐標(biāo),右移加,左移減;縱坐標(biāo),上移加,下移減進(jìn)行計(jì)算即可.
【解答】解:由坐標(biāo)系可得A(﹣2,6),將△ABC先向右平移4個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度,在向下平移1個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度,點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)A1的坐標(biāo)為(﹣2+4,6﹣1),
即(2,5),
故選:D.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了坐標(biāo)與圖形的變化﹣﹣平移,關(guān)鍵是掌握點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律.
12.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,已知點(diǎn)A(2,3),則點(diǎn)A關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為( )
A.(3,2) B.(2,﹣3) C.(﹣2,3) D.(﹣2,﹣3)
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):橫坐標(biāo)不變,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù).即點(diǎn)P(x,y)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P′的坐標(biāo)是(x,﹣y),進(jìn)而得出答案.
【解答】解:∵點(diǎn)A(2,3),
∴點(diǎn)A關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為:(2,﹣3).
故選:B.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的性質(zhì),正確記憶關(guān)于坐標(biāo)軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的性質(zhì)是解題關(guān)鍵.
13.點(diǎn)P(2,﹣5)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為( )
A.(﹣2,5) B.(2,5) C.(﹣2,﹣5) D.(2,﹣5)
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):橫坐標(biāo)不變,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù).即點(diǎn)P(x,y)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P′的坐標(biāo)是(x,﹣y),進(jìn)而得出答案.
【解答】解:∵點(diǎn)P(2,﹣5)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱,
∴對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為:(2,5).
故選:B.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)性質(zhì),正確記憶坐標(biāo)變化規(guī)律是解題關(guān)鍵.
14.點(diǎn)A(1,﹣2)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是( )
A.(1,﹣2) B.(﹣1,2) C.(﹣1,﹣2) D.(1,2)
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):橫坐標(biāo)不變,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù)可直接得到答案.
【解答】解:點(diǎn)A(1,﹣2)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是(1,2),
故選:D.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn),關(guān)鍵是掌握點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律.
15.已知點(diǎn)A(a,2013)與點(diǎn)B(2014,b)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱,則a+b的值為( )
A.﹣1 B.1 C.2 D.3
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的特點(diǎn),可以得到點(diǎn)A的坐標(biāo)與點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)的關(guān)系.
【解答】解:∵A(a,2013)與點(diǎn)B(2014,b)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱,
∴a=2014,b=﹣2013
∴a+b=1,
故選:B.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于x、y軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn),關(guān)鍵是掌握點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律.
二、填空題(共15小題)
16.平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)A(2,0)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)A′的坐標(biāo)為 (﹣2,0) .
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),縱坐標(biāo)不變可以直接寫出答案.
【解答】解:點(diǎn)A(2,0)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)A′的坐標(biāo)為(﹣2,0),
故答案為:(﹣2,0).
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn),關(guān)鍵是掌握點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律.
17.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)(﹣3,2)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是 (3,2) .
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),縱坐標(biāo)相同,橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),可得答案.
【解答】解:在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)(﹣3,2)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是(3,2),
故答案為:(3,2).
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo),解決本題的關(guān)鍵是掌握好對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)規(guī)律:關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),橫坐標(biāo)相同,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù);關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),縱坐標(biāo)相同,橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù);關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),橫坐標(biāo)與縱坐標(biāo)都互為相反數(shù).
18.已知點(diǎn)P(3,a)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為Q(b,2),則ab= ﹣6 .
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),縱坐標(biāo)不變可得a=2,b=﹣3,進(jìn)而可得答案.
【解答】解:∵點(diǎn)P(3,a)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為Q(b,2),
∴a=2,b=﹣3,
∴ab=﹣6,
故答案為:﹣6.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn),關(guān)鍵是掌握點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律.
19.若點(diǎn)M(3,a)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)是點(diǎn)N(b,2),則(a+b)2014= 1 .
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)軸對(duì)稱的性質(zhì),點(diǎn)M和點(diǎn)N的縱坐標(biāo)相等,橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),可以求得a、b的值,從而可得a+b的值.
【解答】解:∵點(diǎn)M(3,a)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)是點(diǎn)N(b,2),
∴b=﹣3,a=2,
∴a+b=﹣1,
∴(a+b)2014=(﹣1)2014=1.
故答案為:1.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了軸對(duì)稱的性質(zhì)和冪的運(yùn)算,解題的關(guān)鍵是先求得a、b的值.
20.已知點(diǎn)P(3,﹣1)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)Q的坐標(biāo)是(a+b,1﹣b),則ab的值為 25 .
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),縱坐標(biāo)不變可直接得到答案.
【解答】解:∵點(diǎn)P(3,﹣1)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)Q的坐標(biāo)是(a+b,1﹣b),
∴ ,
解得: ,
則ab的值為:(﹣5)2=25.
故答案為:25.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn),關(guān)鍵是掌握點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律.
21.點(diǎn)A(﹣3,0)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是 (3,0) .
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),縱坐標(biāo)不變可以直接寫出答案.
【解答】解:點(diǎn)A(﹣3,0)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是(3,0),
故答案為:(3,0).
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn),關(guān)鍵是掌握點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律.
22.點(diǎn)P(2,﹣1)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)P′的坐標(biāo)是 (2,1) .
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):橫坐標(biāo)不變,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù)可以直接得到答案.
【解答】解:點(diǎn)P(2,﹣1)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)P′的坐標(biāo)是(2,1),
故答案為:(2,1).
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn),關(guān)鍵是掌握點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律.
23.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)A(2,﹣3)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為 (﹣2,﹣3) .
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),縱坐標(biāo)不變可得答案.
【解答】解:點(diǎn)A(2,﹣3)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為(﹣2,﹣3),
故答案為:(﹣2,﹣3).
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo),關(guān)鍵是掌握點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律.
24.點(diǎn)P(﹣2,3)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P′的坐標(biāo)為 (﹣2,﹣3) .
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】讓點(diǎn)P的橫坐標(biāo)不變,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù)即可得到點(diǎn)P關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P′的坐標(biāo).
【解答】解:∵點(diǎn)P(﹣2,3)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P′,
∴點(diǎn)P′的橫坐標(biāo)不變,為﹣2;縱坐標(biāo)為﹣3,
∴點(diǎn)P關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P′的坐標(biāo)為(﹣2,﹣3).
故答案為:(﹣2,﹣3).
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的性質(zhì),用到的知識(shí)點(diǎn)為:兩點(diǎn)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱,橫縱坐標(biāo)不變,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù).
25.點(diǎn)P(3,2)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是 (﹣3,2) .
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】此題考查平面直角坐標(biāo)系與對(duì)稱的結(jié)合.
【解答】解:點(diǎn)P(m,n)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)P′(﹣m,n),所以點(diǎn)P(3,2)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為(﹣3,2).
故答案為:(﹣3,2).
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查平面直角坐標(biāo)系點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱性質(zhì).
26.點(diǎn)P(1,﹣2)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為 (﹣1,﹣2) .
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【專題】常規(guī)題型.
【分析】根據(jù)“關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),縱坐標(biāo)相同,橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù)”解答即可.
【解答】解:點(diǎn)P(1,﹣2)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為(﹣1,﹣2).
故答案為:(﹣1,﹣2).
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo),解決本題的關(guān)鍵是掌握好對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)規(guī)律:
(1)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),橫坐標(biāo)相同,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù);
(2)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),縱坐標(biāo)相同,橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù);
(3)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),橫坐標(biāo)與縱坐標(biāo)都互為相反數(shù).
27.點(diǎn)A(﹣3,2)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)A′的坐標(biāo)為 (﹣3,﹣2) .
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)“關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),橫坐標(biāo)相同,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù)”解答.
【解答】解:點(diǎn)A(﹣3,2)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為(﹣3,﹣2).
故答案為:(﹣3,﹣2).
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo),解決本題的關(guān)鍵是掌握好對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)規(guī)律:
(1)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),橫坐標(biāo)相同,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù);
(2)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),縱坐標(biāo)相同,橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù);
(3)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),橫坐標(biāo)與縱坐標(biāo)都互為相反數(shù).
28.點(diǎn)P(2,3)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為 (2,﹣3) .
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):橫坐標(biāo)不變,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù).即點(diǎn)P(x,y)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P′的坐標(biāo)是(x,﹣y)得出即可.
【解答】解:∵點(diǎn)P(2,3)
∴關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為:(2,﹣3).
故答案為:(2,﹣3).
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的性質(zhì),正確記憶坐標(biāo)規(guī)律是解題關(guān)鍵.
29.若點(diǎn)A(m+2,3)與點(diǎn)B(﹣4,n+5)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,則m+n= 0 .
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)“關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),縱坐標(biāo)相同,橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù)”列出方程求解即可.
【解答】解:∵點(diǎn)A(m+2,3)與點(diǎn)B(﹣4,n+5)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,
∴m+2=4,3=n+5,
解得:m=2,n=﹣2,
∴m+n=0,
故答案為:0.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo),解決本題的關(guān)鍵是掌握好對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)規(guī)律:
(1)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),橫坐標(biāo)相同,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù);
(2)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),縱坐標(biāo)相同,橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù);
(3)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),橫坐標(biāo)與縱坐標(biāo)都互為相反數(shù).
30.已知P(1,﹣2),則點(diǎn)P關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是 (1,2) .
【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).
【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):橫坐標(biāo)不變,縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù).即點(diǎn)P(x,y)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P′的坐標(biāo)是(x,﹣y),進(jìn)而得出答案.
【解答】解:∵P(1,﹣2),
∴點(diǎn)P關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是:(1,2).
故答案為:(1,2).
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的性質(zhì),正確記憶關(guān)于坐標(biāo)軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的性質(zhì)是解題關(guān)鍵.
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