高一英語重點時態(tài)語法知識點總結(jié)(2)
高一英語時態(tài)語法知識點:過去完成時
1. 表示在過去某一時刻以前已經(jīng)開始并一直延續(xù)到這一時刻、或是在此刻前已經(jīng)完成的動作。
[例句] By the end of last term, we had learned 1,000 English words.
2. 有些動詞 (如: hope, think, expect, mean, intend, suppose, want等) 的過去完成時可表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。
[例句] I had hoped to see more of Beijing.
◆動詞時態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾點
1. 瞬間性動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時常用來表示將來的動作。例句:
?、賂he film begins in a minute.
②My uncle is leaving tomorrow morning.
2. 在時間、條件、讓步狀語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。例句:
?、貳very time I listen to that song, I’ll think of my old friend.
?、贗f you do that, I shall be very pleased.
?、跿hey’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
3. 一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別:一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時都表示過去所發(fā)生的動作,但現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、結(jié)果等,所以它不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用;一般過去時只表示過去的事實,不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,因而它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。如:
—Have you finished your work?
—Yes, I have.
—When did you finish it?
—I finished it last summer.
◆直接引語與間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題:
1. 人稱的變化
2. 時態(tài)的變化
3. 時間狀語的變化
4. 地點狀語的變化
例句:
①Xiao Yi said, “I want to go to the park this afternoon.”
→Xiao Yi said (that) he wanted to go to the park that afternoon.
?、贐ob said, “We’ll have a meeting here tomorrow morning.”
→Bob said (that) they would have a meeting there the next morning.
◆定語從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用that和不能用that的幾種情況:
只能用that的情況
1. 先行詞是不定代詞。
例句:Please tell me everything that happened to you.
2. 先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞或only, last, same, very等修飾。
例句: ①This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.
?、赥his is the only book that I read during the summer holiday.
3. 先行詞既包括人又包括物。例句:She talked about the writer and his works that interested her.
不能用that的情況
1. 非限制性定語從句中。
例句:He said he could speak three foreign languages, which is not true.
2. 先行詞本身是that。
例句:I have that which you gave me.
3. “介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例句:The person to whom I talked just now is Tom.
◆現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時進行的比較:
1. 強調(diào)動作還未結(jié)束時, 多用現(xiàn)在完成進行時;強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果時, 多用現(xiàn)在完成時。例句:
①I have been painting the paining. (強調(diào)“一直在畫”這個動作)
?、贗 have painted the painting. (強調(diào)“畫完了”這個結(jié)果)
2. 有些動詞不能用在現(xiàn)在完成進行時中,但可用在現(xiàn)在完成時中。如:have, love, see等。例句:
①She has had a cold for a week.
?、赥hey have loved each other for three years.
?、跧 have seen this movie.
-ing形式:
1. having done
having done是非謂語動詞中-ing形式的完成式,而doing則是其一般式,它們都與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,只是doing與句中謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或基本上同時發(fā)生;having done則表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞之前。
[例句]
?、貶earing the news, they got excited. (hear 和get excited這兩個動作幾乎同時發(fā)生)
②Having arrived at the top of mountain, they took a rest. (arrive 發(fā)生在take a rest之前)
2. 動詞后接動詞的-ing形式和不定式有些動詞后既可接動詞的-ing形式也可接to do形式作賓語,但意義有所不同。
[例如]
?、?forget / remember / regret doing sth. 表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生;
forget / remember / regret to do sth. 則表示該動作未發(fā)生。
?、?mean to do sth. 表示“打算做某事”;
mean doing sth. 表示“意味著做某事”。
?、?try to do sth. 表示“設(shè)法盡力做某事”;
try doing sth. 表示“試著做某事”。
?、?stop to do sth. 表示“停下來接著做另一件事”;
stop doing sth. 表示“停止做某事”。
?、?go on to do sth. 表示“(做完某事)接著做另一件事”;
go on doing sth. 表示“繼續(xù)做同一件事”(= go on with sth.)。
⑥ can’t help to do sth. 表示“不能幫助做某事”;
can’t help doing sth. 表示“情不自禁地做某事”。
3. have/has been doing
have / has been doing是現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構(gòu)成,強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)過程,動作可能還在進行。而have / has done是現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成,強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果,該動作通常已經(jīng)結(jié)束。
[例句]
?、買 have written a book. (動作結(jié)束)
?、贗 have been writing a book. (可能未寫完,側(cè)重最近一直忙于寫書)
高一的英語重要時態(tài)語法掌握了嗎,大家還想不想進一步學(xué)習(xí)高一更多精彩課程呢,名師主講視頻課讓你輕松學(xué)好高一的課程?。c擊圖片直接進入體驗學(xué)習(xí)哦!?。。?/span>
猜你感興趣: