小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
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小升初英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have, has+過(guò)去分詞
用法：
1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just, usually, already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用
I have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了)
He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝)
They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)
The boy has already read the book. (已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了)
2)詢問別人是否做過(guò)某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
Have you finished your homework?
Have you been to Beijing?
Have he seen the film?
3)表示開始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作
I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.
I have worked for this school for 1 year.
4)表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過(guò)…地方，做過(guò)…事情，經(jīng)歷過(guò)…事情
I have never had a bath.
I have never seen a film.
I have never been to cinema.
I have ever been to Paris.
Have been to表示去過(guò)，have gone to 表示去了
I have been to London.(人已經(jīng)回來(lái))
He has gone to London.(人還在那里)
5)表示一種結(jié)果， 一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用
I have lost my pen.
I have hurt myself.
He has become a teacher.
She has broken my heart.
句型變化：
變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.
e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I have. No, I have not.
特殊疑問句：
What have you done?
What has he done?
一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：
凡是有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過(guò)去時(shí)
注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用
錯(cuò)：I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.
對(duì)：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.
小升初英語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
過(guò)去完成時(shí)：用法：在過(guò)去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過(guò)去分詞
After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.
They had sold the car before I asked the price.
The train had left before I arrived at the station.
After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，如果放在主句后則不用加。
1.變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首
Had she finished her homework?
2.變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not
She hadn’t finished her homework.
3.肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t.
4.特殊疑問句：
What had she done?
小升初英語(yǔ)一般將來(lái)時(shí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
一般將來(lái)時(shí)：表示將來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 經(jīng)常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours’ time, etc. 表示將來(lái)的詞聯(lián)用
結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形
I will go to America tomorrow.
The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.
Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.
變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首
Will you go to America tomorrow?
Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?
Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?
變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not
I will not go to America tomorrow.
The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.
Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I will. No, I will not.
Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.
Yes, he will. No, he will not.
特殊疑問句：
What will you do?
小升初英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：
a. 表示現(xiàn)在(指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說(shuō)。(說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)
c. 表示漸變，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來(lái)越熱了。
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)，瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定式時(shí)可用于完成時(shí)。
二、不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞
1)表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。
He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。
3)瞬間動(dòng)詞，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。
4)系動(dòng)詞，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點(diǎn)累。
小升初英語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)具備的性格和能力。
2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，沒有be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞要按規(guī)則加上s，主語(yǔ)是非第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞用原形。
3.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，否定句在be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，一般疑問句將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首。
4.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中沒有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的否定句在動(dòng)詞前加does+not (doesn’t)，一般疑問句在句首加does，句子中原有動(dòng)詞用原形;主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱單數(shù)，否定句用do+not (don’t)，一般疑問句在句首加do，句子中動(dòng)詞用原形。
動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
小升初英語(yǔ)一般過(guò)去時(shí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。
2.Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化:
?、臿m 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t)
?、芶re在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t)
?、菐в衱as或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。
3.句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子
否定句:didn’t +動(dòng)詞原形，如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑問句:在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問句:
?、乓蓡栐~+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑問詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí):疑問詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則:
1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.結(jié)尾是e加d，如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如:stop-stopped
4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如:study-studied
5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
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