中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總
中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總
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中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
動(dòng)詞不定式是每年中考的必考點(diǎn)?？忌仨毲宄斡洸⒄莆詹欢ㄊ椒謩e可以在句中所作的成分及功能。
動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，如To learn math well is difficult for us.
動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)，如Her job is to do the dishes.
動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)(包括疑問(wèn)詞加不定式)，如They decided to visit the Great Lakes.
Could you tell me how to get to the train station?
動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如The teacher asked us to turn off the lights.
Hard seats make customers want to eat quickly and leave.
動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，如I have a lot of books to read.
動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)，如To catch the train, we had to get up early.
動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊句型
1. too什么to表示“太怎么而不能”。如：
The boy is too young to look after himself.那個(gè)男孩太小不能照顧自己。
2. enough to表示“足夠做什么”。如：
He is old enough to go to school.他到了上學(xué)的年齡了。
3. Why don't you 加不帶to的不定式?等于Why not 加不帶to的不定式?
如：Why don't you get her a photo album?
等于Why not get her a photo album? 為什么不給她買(mǎi)個(gè)相冊(cè)呢?
4. had better(not)加不帶to的不定式表示“最好(不要)”。如：
You had better not stay there today. 你今天最好別待在那兒。
5. Will you please加不帶to的不定式?表示“你能怎么樣嗎?”如：
Will you please close the door?你能把門(mén)關(guān)上嗎?
6. prefer to do something rather than do something 表示“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”。如：
She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than receive a lot of money.她寧愿收到一份有意義的小禮物也不愿收到一大筆錢(qián)。
中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)
動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞be的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式加及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。
助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與系動(dòng)詞be完全一樣。
現(xiàn)以do為例,將幾種常用時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解如下：
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(2013年考查2次)，構(gòu)成am或者is或者are加done;例句My schoolbag is taken away.
一般過(guò)去時(shí)(2013年考查2次;2012年考查3次;2011年考查1次)，構(gòu)成was或者were加done;例句Trees were planted in each side of the road.
含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(2013年考查1次;2012年考查2次;2011年考查1次)，構(gòu)成情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加be done;例句The work must be finished in two days.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has或者h(yuǎn)ave加been done;例句Tom's bike has been stolen.
一般將來(lái)時(shí)will或者be going to加be done;The meeting is going to be held in our school.
通過(guò)分析廣西近三年真題,對(duì)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查主要從兩個(gè)層面入手：
?、龠x項(xiàng)全是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的,須要從主語(yǔ)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)分別判斷被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài);
②選項(xiàng)中有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的,首先需要判定被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),其次判斷其時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)。
如何辨別主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
?、僦鲃?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)出者。賓語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象。
?、诒粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者(動(dòng)作的對(duì)象)。
在下列三種情況之一要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
①不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí),用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：
Rice is grown in the south of China.中國(guó)南方種植水稻。
?、跊](méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：
—Excuse me, Sir, smoking isn?t allowed in the gas station. 打擾一下,先生,加氣站是不允許吸煙的。
—Oh, I am really sorry. 哦，真地很抱歉。
Your work must be finished today.你們的工作必須今天完成。
?、坌枰獜?qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：
Your work must be finished today.你們的工作必須今天完成。
The doctor has been sent for.已經(jīng)派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生了。
中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：特殊疑問(wèn)形式
1、“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+will +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它”?
2、“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be +主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其它”?
(如果對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，把主語(yǔ)變成who就可以)
I will show my photos to you next Monday.
He will be at home at seven this evening.
They will come soon.
I am going to visit my grandparents this holiday.
There is going to be a football match this afternoon.
We are going to have a meeting today.
★注意
1.有些動(dòng)詞如：go, come, fly, leave, arrive, move , meet ,start等常用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。
My aunt is coming to see me.
2. 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
I’ll go on holiday as soon as I finish the work.
We’ll go swimming if it doesn’t rain.
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