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      學習啦>學習方法>各學科學習方法>英語學習方法>

      初中語法知識點之賓語從句

      時間: 麗儀1102 分享

        不少同學都覺得學習賓語從句很難很吃力,不知如何學好。下面由學習啦小編給你帶來關于初中語法知識點之賓語從句,希望對你有幫助!

        一、概述

        賓語從句是主從復合句的一種。主從復合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的。

        主句是復合句的主體,從句僅僅是主句的一個成分,它從屬于主句,不能獨立。從句在全句中充當什么成分,就叫什么從句。賓語從句當中的從句在全句中作賓語。

        簡單句She knew the teacher(賓語)復合句 She knew that the teacher had seen the film.(賓從)

        二、賓語從句

        1.語序

        無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句,賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序,即“主句+連詞+賓語從句(主語+謂語+……)”句式。根據連接詞在從句中所擔任的不同成分,可分為以下四種:

        1)連接詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有: who,what,which等。如:

        Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎?

        The small children don't know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西.

        I don't know which belongs to my father.

        2)連接詞+名詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:

        He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問我們班上誰的書法最好。

        The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老師問我們房間里有多少人。

        3)連接詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有:who(m),what,which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether(在句中不充當任何成分)。如:

        He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。

        Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎?

        4)連接詞+名詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:

        Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪個班嗎?

        She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。

        2.連接詞

        1)當由陳述句充當賓語從句時,用that引導,that無詞義,在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如:

        He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。

        2)當由一般疑問句充當賓語從句時,用if或whether引導,意為“是否”。如:

        I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.

        但在下列情況下只能用whether:

        ① 在具有選擇意義,又有or或or not時,尤其是直接與or not連用時,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:

        Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whethe or not he will come)

        I don't know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)

        I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.

        ② 在介詞之后用whether。如:

        I'm interested in whether he likes English.我關心的是他是否喜歡英語。

        We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.

        I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔心是否傷了她的感情。

       ?、?在不定式前用whether。如:

        He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。

        I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。

        He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。

       ?、?whether置于句首時,不能換用if。如:

        Whether this is true or not,I can't say.這是否真的我說不上來。

       ?、菀龑е髡Z從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如:

        Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來還是個問題。

        The question is whether we can catch the bus.問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。

       ?、?若用if會引起歧義時,則用whether。如:

        Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為:a. Please let me know whether you like the book.請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。B. If you like the book, please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書,請告訴我。

        3)如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句,只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導。如:

        Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?

        3.時態(tài)

        含賓語從句的復合句,主、從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)呼應應包括以下三點內容:

        1)如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時,從句的謂語動詞可根據需要,選用相應的任何時態(tài)。如:

        I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他將何時回來。

        He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。

        2)如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時,賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據需要,選用過去時態(tài)即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。如:

        ①The children didn't know who he was.孩子們不知道他是誰。

       ?、贖e asked his father how it happened.他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。

        3)如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現象或習慣性動作等,不管主句用什么時態(tài),從句時態(tài)都用一般現在時。如:

        The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉。

        4.注意:

        if和when既可以引導賓語從句,也可以引導狀語從句,應注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導賓語從句時,分別意為“是否”和“何時”,其時態(tài)應和主句時態(tài)相呼應;它們引導狀語從句時,意思分別為“如果,假如”和“當……時候”,當主句時態(tài)是一般將來時時,其時態(tài)用一般現在時。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進行綜合考查。如:

        —Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么時候回來嗎?

        —Sorry, I don't know. When he comes back, I'll tell you. 對不起,不知道。當他回來了,我將告訴你。

        —I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否會來。

        —He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,他會來的。

        賓語從句的復合句轉化為簡單句(六種方法),使其與原句意思相同(或相近)的試題。

        方法一:當主句謂語動詞是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise(和主觀決定有關)等,且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時,賓語從句可簡化為不定式結構。例如:

        Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.

        We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.

        方法二:當主句謂語動詞是know, learn, remember, forget, tell(和記憶認知有關)等動詞,且主句主語與從句主語一致時,賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結構。例如:

        She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.

        注:當主句謂語動詞是tell, ask, show, teach等動詞,且后帶雙賓語,從句主語和間接賓語一致時,賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結構。例如:

        Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station?

        方法三:當主句的謂語動詞是order(命令),require(需要)等時,如果主句和從句的主語不一致,賓語從句可簡化為“名詞(代詞)+不定式”結構。例如:The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

        方法四:某些動詞后的賓語從句,可以用介詞加動名詞(短語)等其他形式簡化。例如:

        He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.

        The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

        方法五:某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉化為“賓語+V-ing形式(作賓語補足語)”結構。例如:Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

        方法六:動詞seem后的賓語從句,也可以用不定式(短語)來簡化,但句型需要進行適當的變化。例如:It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.

        除上述方法外,還有一些特殊句式的轉化。例如:

        I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.

        Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.

        They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy

      初中語法知識點之賓語從句

      不少同學都覺得學習賓語從句很難很吃力,不知如何學好。下面由學習啦小編給你帶來關于初中語法知識點之賓語從句,希望對你有幫助! 一、概述 賓語從句是主從復合句的一種。主從復合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的。 主句是
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